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\r

Universal Production Music: “Extreme Measures” by John Sands and Marc Ferrari, “Ice Echoes” by Dominik Luke Marsden Johnson, “Look at the Mirror” by Jonathan Figoli\r

Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.

Complete transcript available.

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OSIRIS-REx is a NASA mission to explore near-Earth asteroid Bennu and return a sample to Earth. Prior to arriving at Bennu, mission planners had expected the asteroid’s surface to consist largely of fine particulate material, similar to gravel. When OSIRIS-REx arrived in December 2018, however, it was greeted by a rocky world covered with boulders.\r
\r
This unexpected ruggedness means that there are few places on Bennu where OSIRIS-REx can safely touch down and collect a sample. After a year of studying the asteroid, the mission announced a primary sample collection site, which they designated “Nightingale,” along with a backup site called “Osprey.” In October 2020, OSIRIS-REx will descend to Bennu and attempt to collect up to four-and-a-half pounds of loose material, for return to Earth in 2023.\r

Learn more about the selection of sample site Nightingale.
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In the thermal map above, asteroid Bennu’s surface temperatures dramatically change from the night side to the day side, experiencing swings of 270 degrees Fahrenheit. The time that it takes for an object to heat up or cool down is determined by its thermal inertia — a property that can be useful in the remote study of planetary bodies.\r
\r
Fine particulate materials like sand or gravel tend to heat up and cool down quickly (low thermal inertia), while solid objects like rocks and boulders do so more slowly (high thermal inertia). By observing how a distant body like Bennu changes temperature over the course of a day, scientists can usually infer the average size of particles on its surface.\r
\r
Before OSIRIS-REx arrived, scientists had observed that Bennu’s surface heats up and cools down relatively quickly, leading them to predict a mean particle size of about 2-3cm. OSIRIS-REx, however, was greeted by a predominantly rocky asteroid, littered with giant boulders. This discrepancy is one of the major surprises of the OSIRIS-REx mission.", "items": [], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 320454, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13565/#media_group_320454", "widget": "Basic text", "title": "For More Information", "caption": "", "description": "See [NASA.gov](https://www.nasa.gov/osiris-rex)", "items": [], "extra_data": {} } ], "studio": "gms", "funding_sources": [ "ESE" ], "credits": [ { "role": "Producer", "people": [ { "name": "Dan Gallagher", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Writer", "people": [ { "name": "Dan Gallagher", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Data visualizer", "people": [ { "name": "Kel Elkins", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Narrator", "people": [ { "name": "Swarupa Nune", "employer": "InuTeq" } ] }, { "role": "Animator", "people": [ { "name": "Walt Feimer", "employer": "KBR Wyle Services, LLC" }, { "name": "Michael Lentz", "employer": "USRA" }, { "name": "Josh Masters", "employer": "Freelance" }, { "name": "Lisa Poje", "employer": "Freelance" } ] }, { "role": "Support", "people": [ { "name": "Erin Morton", "employer": "The University of Arizona" } ] }, { "role": "Technical support", "people": [ { "name": "Aaron E. Lepsch", "employer": "ADNET Systems, Inc." } ] } ], "missions": [ "OSIRIS-REX" ], "series": [ "Narrated Movies" ], "tapes": [], "papers": [], "datasets": [], "nasa_science_categories": [ "Planets & Moons" ], "keywords": [ "Asteroid", "Bennu", "HDTV", "Narrated", "Nightingale", "OSIRIS-REx", "Osprey", "Sample Return" ], "recommended_pages": [], "related": [ { "id": 4857, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4857/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "OSIRIS-REx – Detailed Global Views of Asteroid Bennu", "description": "Looping animation of asteroid Bennu rotating. This 3D model of Bennu was created using 20cm resolution laser altimetry data and imagery taken by OSIRIS-REx. || bennu_spin_v3_02.1000_print.jpg (1024x576) [75.3 KB] || bennu_spin_v3_02.1000_searchweb.png (320x180) [18.4 KB] || bennu_spin_v3_02.1000_thm.png (80x40) [1.6 KB] || bennu_spin_v3_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [77.5 MB] || Bennu_GlobalSpin_20cm_v2 (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || bennu_spin_v3_2160p30.webm (3840x2160) [32.4 MB] || bennu_spin_v3_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [242.3 MB] || 4857_Bennu_Global_Spin_20cm.mov (3840x2160) [12.0 GB] || 01_dworkin_bennu.hwshow || ", "release_date": "2020-09-21T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-05-14T00:13:40.437623-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 389409, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004800/a004857/bennu_spin_v3_02_print.4150_print.jpg", "filename": "bennu_spin_v3_02_print.4150_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Print resolution (5760x3240 pixels) still image of Bennu. The Nightingale sample site is visible in the northern hemisphere.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 20323, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20323/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "OSIRIS-REx Sampling Area to Scale: Animations", "description": "OSIRIS-REx is NASA’s first asteroid sample return mission. Its main science goal is to collect a sample of near-Earth asteroid Bennu for return to Earth in 2023. These animations show a size comparison of the planned sample collection area before arriving at Bennu (orange), and after arriving at Bennu (blue). The original mission plan envisioned a sample site with a diameter of 164 feet (50 m). However, the sampling region for site Nightingale is approximately 26 ft (8 m) in diameter. The area safe enough for the spacecraft to touch is the width of a few parking spaces. || ", "release_date": "2020-09-09T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:44:43.421032-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 382831, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020300/a020323/NightingaleParkingLotV2_print.jpg", "filename": "NightingaleParkingLotV2_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Surface-level view of OSIRIS-REx at sample site Nightingale, with a parking lot for comparison.\rCredit: NASA/Goddard/CI Lab/University of Arizona", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 13555, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13555/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "How OSIRIS-REx will Steer Itself to Sample an Asteroid", "description": "The OSIRIS-REx team has developed an autonomous optical navigation software to sample asteroid Bennu, known as Natural Feature Tracking. Music is from Univeral Production Music. The song is \"Steppenwolf.\" || thumb2.jpg (3840x2160) [1.6 MB] || 13555_NFT_OSIRISREX_MASTER.02735_searchweb.png (320x180) [78.0 KB] || 13555_NFT_OSIRISREX_MASTER.02735_thm.png (80x40) [5.1 KB] || 13555_NFT_OSIRISREX_MASTER_facebook_720.mp4 (1280x720) [149.2 MB] || 13555_NFT_OSIRISREX_MASTER_twitter_720.mp4 (1280x720) [25.3 MB] || 13555_NFT_OSIRISREX_MASTER.webm (960x540) [58.3 MB] || nftcaption.en_US.srt [3.2 KB] || nftcaption.en_US.vtt [3.2 KB] || 13555_NFT_OSIRISREX_MASTER.mov (3840x2160) [11.4 GB] || ", "release_date": "2020-03-09T10:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:45:07.032475-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 386969, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013500/a013555/13555_NFT_OSIRISREX_MASTER.02735_searchweb.png", "filename": "13555_NFT_OSIRISREX_MASTER.02735_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The OSIRIS-REx team has developed an autonomous optical navigation software to sample asteroid Bennu, known as Natural Feature Tracking. Music is from Univeral Production Music. The song is \"Steppenwolf.\"", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 13489, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13489/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "OSIRIS-REx: X Marks the Spot - 2019 AGU Press Conference", "description": "Close-up images of the OSIRIS-REx sample site candidates on asteroid Bennu.Credit: NASA/Goddard/University of Arizona || Bennu_Site_Candidates_CloseUp_print.jpg (1024x575) [150.1 KB] || Bennu_Site_Candidates_CloseUp.png (7999x4499) [15.5 MB] || ", "release_date": "2019-12-12T14:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:45:20.556269-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 389196, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013400/a013489/2_Lauretta_2_print.jpg", "filename": "2_Lauretta_2_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "2. Lauretta - Bennu sample site candidate close-upsCredit: NASA/Goddard/University of Arizona", "width": 1024, "height": 575, "pixels": 588800 } }, { "id": 13504, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13504/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA Science Live: OSIRIS-REx - X Marks the Spot (Episode 13)", "description": "NASA Science Live: OSIRIS-REx - X Marks the Spot [Episode 13]Air Date: December, 12, 2019Watch this video on the ScienceAtNASA YouTube channel. || NSL_ep13_still_print.jpg (1024x573) [80.4 KB] || NSL_ep13_still.png (2554x1430) [4.0 MB] || NSL_ep13_still_searchweb.png (320x180) [87.0 KB] || NSL_ep13_still_thm.png (80x40) [6.2 KB] || 13504_NSL_OSIRIS_REx_Ep13_lowres.mp4 (1280x720) [550.4 MB] || 13504_NSL_OSIRIS_REx_Ep13.webm (960x540) [814.2 MB] || 13504_NSL_OSIRIS_REx_Ep13.en_US.srt [50.1 KB] || 13504_NSL_OSIRIS_REx_Ep13.en_US.vtt [47.0 KB] || 13504_NSL_OSIRIS_REx_Ep13_youtube_720.mp4 (1280x720) [3.0 GB] || 13504_NSL_OSIRIS_REx_Ep13.mov (1280x720) [20.3 GB] || ", "release_date": "2019-12-12T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:45:22.039503-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 388597, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013500/a013504/NSL_ep13_still_print.jpg", "filename": "NSL_ep13_still_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "NASA Science Live: OSIRIS-REx - X Marks the Spot [Episode 13]Air Date: December, 12, 2019Watch this video on the ScienceAtNASA YouTube channel.", "width": 1024, "height": 573, "pixels": 586752 } }, { "id": 4744, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4744/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "OSIRIS-REx - Asteroid Bennu Sample Site Finalists", "description": "The visualization begins with a rotating 3D model representation of the asteroid Bennu, created using data from the OSIRIS-REx Laser Altimeter (OLA) instrument. Four candidate sample sites (with labels) are highlighted with PolyCam images.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || bennu_callouts_05_labels_4k_60fps_1349_print.jpg (1024x576) [149.3 KB] || bennu_callouts_05_labels_4k_60fps_1349_thm.png (80x40) [5.6 KB] || bennu_callouts_05_labels_4k_60fps_1349_print_searchweb.png (320x180) [56.8 KB] || bennu_callouts_05_labels_4k_60fps_1080p60.mp4 (1920x1080) [30.4 MB] || bennu_callouts_05_labels_4k_60fps_1080p60.webm (1920x1080) [4.3 MB] || Bennu_SampleSiteCallouts_wLabels (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || bennu_callouts_05_labels_4k_60fps_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [70.5 MB] || 4744_Bennu_4_Sites_Output.en_US.srt [47 bytes] || 4744_Bennu_4_Sites_Output.en_US.vtt [60 bytes] || 4744_Bennu_4_Candidate_Sites.mov (3840x2160) [3.1 GB] || bennu_callouts.hwshow [68 bytes] || ", "release_date": "2019-08-12T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-02-16T22:35:32.504815-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 419600, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004700/a004744/bennu_test_OLA_v2_03_callouts_06.3700_print.jpg", "filename": "bennu_test_OLA_v2_03_callouts_06.3700_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "UNLABELED VERSIONThe visualization begins with a rotating 3D model representation of the asteroid Bennu, created using data from the OSIRIS-REx Laser Altimeter (OLA) instrument. Four candidate sample sites are highlighted with PolyCam images. ", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "sources": [ { "id": 4905, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4905/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "A Web Around Asteroid Bennu – Visualizations", "description": "This visualization depicts the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft’s trajectory around the asteroid Bennu from the initial arrival in Dec 2018 through the final departure in April 2021. The trajectory is presented in a Sun Bennu North reference frame. Several mission segments are highlighted in white, leading up to the TAG sample collection maneuver on Oct 20, 2020. || web_around_bennu-orbits_bennu_stars.15100_print.jpg (1024x576) [105.4 KB] || web_around_bennu-orbits_bennu_stars.15100_searchweb.png (320x180) [55.9 KB] || web_around_bennu-orbits_bennu_stars.15100_thm.png (80x40) [3.5 KB] || web_around_bennu-orbits_bennu_stars_1080p60.mp4 (1920x1080) [215.7 MB] || web_around_bennu-orbits_bennu_stars (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || web_around_bennu-orbits_bennu_stars_2160p60.webm (3840x2160) [133.2 MB] || web_around_bennu-orbits_bennu_stars_2160p60.mp4 (3840x2160) [759.1 MB] || ", "release_date": "2021-05-10T16:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-02-18T00:11:18.773437-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 419630, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004900/a004905/web_around_bennu-orbits_bennu_stars.15100_print.jpg", "filename": "web_around_bennu-orbits_bennu_stars.15100_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This visualization depicts the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft’s trajectory around the asteroid Bennu from the initial arrival in Dec 2018 through the final departure in April 2021. The trajectory is presented in a Sun Bennu North reference frame. Several mission segments are highlighted in white, leading up to the TAG sample collection maneuver on Oct 20, 2020. ", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 13657, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13657/", "page_type": "B-Roll", "title": "OSIRIS-REx: Science Operations Center & Mission Support Area", "description": "This editor's resource page contains footage of the OSIRIS-REx Science Operations Center at the University of Arizona in Tucson, and of the Mission Support Area at Lockheed Martin Space in Littleton, Colorado. OSIRIS-REx is a NASA mission studying near-Earth asteroid Bennu. It will return a sample of Bennu to Earth in 2023. || ", "release_date": "2020-07-09T16:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:44:51.442535-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 384133, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013600/a013657/OSIRIS-REx_SOC_Preview_print.jpg", "filename": "OSIRIS-REx_SOC_Preview_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The OSIRIS-REx Science Operations Center (SOC) at the University of Arizona in Tucson. Data from the spacecraft are downlinked to the SOC for study by science team members.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 4795, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4795/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "OSIRIS-REx – Global Model of Asteroid Bennu", "description": "Looping animation of asteroid Bennu rotating. This 3D model of Bennu was created using 20cm resolution laser altimetry data and imagery taken by OSIRIS-REx. || Bennu_spin_full_20cm.1000_print.jpg (1024x576) [82.7 KB] || Bennu_spin_full_20cm.1000_searchweb.png (320x180) [17.4 KB] || Bennu_spin_full_20cm.1000_thm.png (80x40) [1.5 KB] || Bennu_spin_full_20cm_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [14.4 MB] || Bennu_spin_full_20cm_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [111.9 MB] || Bennu_GlobalSpin_20cm (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Bennu_spin_full_20cm_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [351.8 MB] || 4771_20cm_Bennu_Global_Spin.mov (3840x2160) [8.1 GB] || Bennu_spin_full_20cm_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [194 bytes] || ", "release_date": "2020-02-26T16:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T00:13:29.724377-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 389357, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004700/a004795/Bennu_spin_full_20cm.1000_print.jpg", "filename": "Bennu_spin_full_20cm.1000_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Looping animation of asteroid Bennu rotating. This 3D model of Bennu was created using 20cm resolution laser altimetry data and imagery taken by OSIRIS-REx.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 4771, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4771/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "OSIRIS-REx – Asteroid Bennu Sample Site Flyovers", "description": "Global view of asteroid Bennu with insets of the four candidate sample collection sites. This animation is available in Hyperwall resolution (5760x3240).This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || bennu_sites_agu_4k_04_0750_print.jpg (1024x576) [155.8 KB] || bennu_sites_agu_4k_04_0750_searchweb.png (320x180) [64.4 KB] || bennu_sites_agu_4k_04_0750_thm.png (80x40) [5.1 KB] || bennu_sites_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [82.9 MB] || bennu_sites_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [9.3 MB] || Bennu_SampleSites (5760x3240) [0 Item(s)] || Bennu_SampleSites (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || captions_silent.28627.en_US.srt [43 bytes] || bennu_sites_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [218.3 MB] || 4771_Bennu_Sites_3D_Clean.mov (3840x2160) [4.9 GB] || bennu_sites_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [185 bytes] || ", "release_date": "2019-12-12T13:15:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T00:13:00.052938-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 389295, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004700/a004771/bennu_sites_agu_4k_04_0750_print.jpg", "filename": "bennu_sites_agu_4k_04_0750_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Global view of asteroid Bennu with insets of the four candidate sample collection sites. This animation is available in Hyperwall resolution (5760x3240).This video is also available on our YouTube channel.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 4482, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4482/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "OSIRIS-REx orbits, maneuvers, and mapping", "description": "The Origins Spectral Interpretation Resource Identification Security - Regolith Explorer spacecraft will travel to a near-Earth asteroid, called Bennu (formerly 1999 RQ36), and bring at least a 2.1-ounce sample back to Earth for study. The mission will help scientists investigate how planets formed and how life began, as well as improve our understanding of asteroids that could impact Earth.OSIRIS-REx launched on Sept. 8, 2016, at 7:05 p.m. EDT. As planned, the spacecraft will reach its target asteroid in 2018 and return a sample to Earth in 2023. These animations depict the journey of OSIRIS-REx to Bennu and back, including the complex maneuvers that the spacecraft will perform in the asteroid's low-gravity environment. The animations are presented in chronological order. || ", "release_date": "2016-10-04T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T00:08:42.556864-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 419432, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004400/a004482/orex_Outbound_GravityAssist_0790_print.jpg", "filename": "orex_Outbound_GravityAssist_0790_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "OSIRIS-REx outbound orbit to asteroid Bennu, including an Earth-gravity assist approximately one year after launch. The gravity assist will adjust the spacecraft’s orbit, putting it in the same inclination as the orbit of Bennu.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }