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    "title": "Why NASA is sending rockets into Earth’s leaky atmosphere",
    "description": "In the tiny Arctic town of Ny-Ålesund, where polar bears outnumber people, winter means three months without sunlight. The unending darkness is ideal for those who seek a strange breed of northern lights, normally obscured by daylight. When these unusual auroras shine, Earth’s atmosphere leaks into space.NASA scientists traveled to Ny-Ålesund to launch rockets through these auroras and witness oxygen particles right in the middle of their escape. Piercing these fleeting auroras, some 300 miles high, would require strategy, patience — and a fair bit of luck. This was NASA’s VISIONS-2 mission, and this is their story.VISIONS-2 was just the first of many. Over the coming months, rocket teams from all over the world will launch rockets into this region as part of the Grand Challenge Initiative—Cusp, an international collaboration to study the mysteries of the polar atmosphere. || ",
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            "description": "In the tiny Arctic town of Ny-Ålesund, where polar bears outnumber people, winter means three months without sunlight. The unending darkness is ideal for those who seek a strange breed of northern lights, normally obscured by daylight. When these unusual auroras shine, Earth’s atmosphere leaks into space.<br><br>NASA scientists traveled to Ny-Ålesund to launch rockets through these auroras and witness oxygen particles right in the middle of their escape. Piercing these fleeting auroras, some 300 miles high, would require strategy, patience — and a fair bit of luck. This was NASA’s VISIONS-2 mission, and this is their story.<br><br>VISIONS-2 was just the first of many. Over the coming months, rocket teams from all over the world will launch rockets into this region as part of the Grand Challenge Initiative—Cusp, an international collaboration to study the mysteries of the polar atmosphere.",
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            "description": "<p><p><p><b>Watch this video on the <a href=\"https://youtu.be/bSt5peITUBo\" target=\"_blank\" >NASA Goddard YouTube channel</a>.</b><p><p><p><p><a href=\"/vis/a010000/a013400/a013430/script_28350_00.html\">Complete transcript</a> available.</p><p><p>Music credits: “Journey to the Past”, “New Philosopher”, “Curiosity Cabinet”, “Buzzing Culture”, “Dusk Theories”, “At the Edge of the End” by Laurent Dury [SACEM]; “Strong Voices” by Tom Caffey [ASCAP]; “The Fortune Teller” by Phil Stevens [PRS]; “Shinobi’s Fight” by Benoit Malis [SACEM]; “Spring into Life” by Oliver Worth [PRS]",
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                        "alt_text": "Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.Music credits: “Journey to the Past”, “New Philosopher”, “Curiosity Cabinet”, “Buzzing Culture”, “Dusk Theories”, “At the Edge of the End” by Laurent Dury [SACEM]; “Strong Voices” by Tom Caffey [ASCAP]; “The Fortune Teller” by Phil Stevens [PRS]; “Shinobi’s Fight” by Benoit Malis [SACEM]; “Spring into Life” by Oliver Worth [PRS]",
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                        "alt_text": "Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.Music credits: “Journey to the Past”, “New Philosopher”, “Curiosity Cabinet”, “Buzzing Culture”, “Dusk Theories”, “At the Edge of the End” by Laurent Dury [SACEM]; “Strong Voices” by Tom Caffey [ASCAP]; “The Fortune Teller” by Phil Stevens [PRS]; “Shinobi’s Fight” by Benoit Malis [SACEM]; “Spring into Life” by Oliver Worth [PRS]",
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            "title": "For More Information",
            "caption": "",
            "description": "See the following sources:\n\n* [Read more on The Sun Spot Blog](https://blogs.nasa.gov/sunspot/2019/11/14/a-shot-in-the-dark-part-i/)\n* [Listen on Soundcloud](https://soundcloud.com/nasa/a-shot-in-the-dark-chasing-the-aurora-from-the-worlds-northernmost-rocket-range)",
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                    "name": "Jøran Idar Moen",
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                {
                    "name": "Preben Hanssen",
                    "employer": "Andøya Space Center"
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                {
                    "name": "Kjellmar Oksavik",
                    "employer": "University of Bergen/University Centre in Svalbard"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Fred Sigernes",
                    "employer": "Kjell Henriksen Observatory, University Centre in Svalbard"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Sophia Zaccarine",
                    "employer": "Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Glenn Maxfield",
                    "employer": "ASRC Federal Space and Defense"
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                {
                    "name": "John C. Hickman",
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    "related": [
        {
            "id": 13438,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13438/",
            "page_type": "Produced Video",
            "title": "NASA's Sounding Rockets Show: Cutting-edge Science, 15 Minutes at a Time",
            "description": "Some of the smallest and lightest rockets in NASA’s lineup have made some of the biggest impacts on science. With a flight time of just about 15 minutes before falling back to Earth, sounding rockets collect unique observations on everything from our planet’s atmosphere to the Sun and even distant galaxies.Join us live to hear from scientists who have traveled to the ends of the Earth to launch sounding rockets, flown cutting-edge instruments on these suborbital flights, and used sounding rockets to make brand-new scientific discoveries.Watch on Facebook or YouTube. || ",
            "release_date": "2019-11-18T04:30:00-05:00",
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                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "Watch this video on the NASA YouTube channel.Watch this video on the NASA Sun Science Facebook page.",
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        {
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            "page_type": "Animation",
            "title": "Sounding Rocket Animations",
            "description": "A sounding rocket is able to carry science instruments between 30 - 300 miles above Earth's surface. These altitudes are typically too high for science balloons and too low for satellites to access safely making sounding rockets the only platforms that can carry out direct in situ measurements in these regions.This animation is annoted with the altitudes. || 13181_SoundingRocket_TEXT_Prores.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [34.4 KB] || 13181_SoundingRocket_TEXT_Prores.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [42.6 KB] || 13181_SoundingRocket_TEXT_Prores.00001_web.png (320x180) [42.6 KB] || 13181_SoundingRocket_TEXT_Prores.00001_thm.png (80x40) [3.8 KB] || 13181_SoundingRocket_TEXT_Prores.webm (3840x2160) [11.0 MB] || 13181_SoundingRocket_TEXT_Prores.mov (3840x2160) [3.9 GB] || ",
            "release_date": "2019-05-09T17:00:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:45:58.010812-04:00",
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                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "A sounding rocket is able to carry science instruments between 30 - 300 miles above Earth's surface. These altitudes are typically too high for science balloons and too low for satellites to access safely making sounding rockets the only platforms that can carry out direct in situ measurements in these regions.This animation is annoted with the altitudes. ",
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        },
        {
            "id": 13169,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13169/",
            "page_type": "Produced Video",
            "title": "Grand Challenge-Cusp Graphics (updated)",
            "description": "GraphicAn overview of the missions involved in the Grand Challenge Initiative-Cusp with the missions launched as of May 2019. A PDF version is available below.Credit: Mary P. Hrybyk-Keith || CUSP_Alone_Launched.png (1298x1003) [5.1 MB] || CUSP_Alone_Launched_print.jpg (1024x791) [325.2 KB] || CUSP_Alone_Launched_searchweb.png (320x180) [111.4 KB] || CUSP_Alone_Launched_thm.png (80x40) [6.9 KB] || ",
            "release_date": "2019-05-09T16:00:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:45:58.128591-04:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 395944,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013100/a013169/CUSP_Alone_Launched.png",
                "filename": "CUSP_Alone_Launched.png",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "GraphicAn overview of the missions involved in the Grand Challenge Initiative-Cusp with the missions launched as of May 2019. A PDF version is available below.Credit: Mary P. Hrybyk-Keith",
                "width": 1298,
                "height": 1003,
                "pixels": 1301894
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        },
        {
            "id": 13171,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13171/",
            "page_type": "Produced Video",
            "title": "Grand Challenge Initiative - Cusp: Launch Photos & Videos",
            "description": "AZURE MissionColorful clouds formed by the release of vapors from the two AZURE rockets allow scientist to measure auroral winds.Credit: NASA/Lee Wingfield || Azure_ampule_release_print.jpg (1024x682) [97.8 KB] || Azure_ampule_release.jpg (2400x1600) [346.6 KB] || Azure_ampule_release_searchweb.png (320x180) [54.6 KB] || Azure_ampule_release_web.png (320x213) [67.1 KB] || Azure_ampule_release_thm.png (80x40) [4.6 KB] || ",
            "release_date": "2019-04-09T15:00:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:46:01.877806-04:00",
            "main_image": {
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                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013100/a013171/Azure_ampule_release_print.jpg",
                "filename": "Azure_ampule_release_print.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "AZURE MissionColorful clouds formed by the release of vapors from the two AZURE rockets allow scientist to measure auroral winds.Credit: NASA/Lee Wingfield",
                "width": 1024,
                "height": 682,
                "pixels": 698368
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        }
    ],
    "sources": [
        {
            "id": 13506,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13506/",
            "page_type": "Produced Video",
            "title": "Solar Wind Interacting with Earth's Magnetic Field",
            "description": "A conceptual animation showing solar wind interacting with Earth's magnetic field and causing atmospheric loss at the polar cusps. || YOUTUBE_1080_13506_Atmospheric_Escape_youtube_1080.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [77.5 KB] || YOUTUBE_1080_13506_Atmospheric_Escape_youtube_1080.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [74.4 KB] || YOUTUBE_1080_13506_Atmospheric_Escape_youtube_1080.00001_web.png (320x180) [74.4 KB] || YOUTUBE_1080_13506_Atmospheric_Escape_youtube_1080.00001_thm.png (80x40) [6.3 KB] || YOUTUBE_1080_13506_Atmospheric_Escape_youtube_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [43.1 MB] || FACEBOOK_720_13506_Atmospheric_Escape_facebook_720.mp4 (1280x720) [32.8 MB] || TWITTER_720_13506_Atmospheric_Escape_twitter_720.mp4 (1280x720) [5.7 MB] || FACEBOOK_720_13506_Atmospheric_Escape_facebook_720.webm (1280x720) [3.0 MB] || PRORES_B-ROLL_13506_Atmospheric_Escape_prores_b-roll.mov (1280x720) [227.8 MB] || YOUTUBE_4K_13506_Atmospheric_Escape_youtube_4k.mp4 (3840x2160) [187.6 MB] || 13506_Atmospheric_Escape_Prores.mov (3840x2160) [2.4 GB] || ",
            "release_date": "2019-12-20T17:00:00-05:00",
            "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:45:18.835555-04:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 388639,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013500/a013506/YOUTUBE_4K_13506_Cusp+Aurora_youtube_4k.00001_print.jpg",
                "filename": "YOUTUBE_4K_13506_Cusp+Aurora_youtube_4k.00001_print.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "A conceptual animation showing Earth's polar cusps and the cusp aurora. ",
                "width": 1024,
                "height": 576,
                "pixels": 589824
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 13514,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13514/",
            "page_type": "Produced Video",
            "title": "The Cusp Aurora",
            "description": "A conceptual animation showing electrons traveling down Earth's magnetic field lines, colliding into oxygen atoms in Earth's atmosphere and causing oxygen molecules to escape and release red light causing the cusp aurora. || YOUTUBE_1080_13514_Cusp_Aurora_from_ground_youtube_1080.00888_print.jpg (1024x576) [70.9 KB] || YOUTUBE_1080_13514_Cusp_Aurora_from_ground_youtube_1080.00888_searchweb.png (320x180) [64.8 KB] || YOUTUBE_1080_13514_Cusp_Aurora_from_ground_youtube_1080.00888_web.png (320x180) [64.8 KB] || YOUTUBE_1080_13514_Cusp_Aurora_from_ground_youtube_1080.00888_thm.png (80x40) [4.4 KB] || FACEBOOK_720_13514_Cusp_Aurora_from_ground_facebook_720.mp4 (1280x720) [49.5 MB] || TWITTER_720_13514_Cusp_Aurora_from_ground_twitter_720.mp4 (1280x720) [8.0 MB] || YOUTUBE_1080_13514_Cusp_Aurora_from_ground_youtube_1080.webm (1920x1080) [4.9 MB] || YOUTUBE_1080_13514_Cusp_Aurora_from_ground_youtube_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [64.2 MB] || PRORES_B-ROLL_13514_Cusp_Aurora_from_ground_prores_b-roll.mov (1280x720) [346.4 MB] || YOUTUBE_4K_13514_Cusp_Aurora_from_ground_youtube_4k.mp4 (3840x2160) [285.2 MB] || 13514_Cusp_Aurora_from_ground_Prores.mov (3840x2160) [3.9 GB] || ",
            "release_date": "2019-12-20T17:00:00-05:00",
            "update_date": "2019-12-20T17:14:33-05:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 388397,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013500/a013514/YOUTUBE_1080_13514_Cusp_Aurora_from_ground_youtube_1080.00888_print.jpg",
                "filename": "YOUTUBE_1080_13514_Cusp_Aurora_from_ground_youtube_1080.00888_print.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "A conceptual animation showing electrons traveling down Earth's magnetic field lines, colliding into oxygen atoms in Earth's atmosphere and causing oxygen molecules to escape and release red light causing the cusp aurora. ",
                "width": 1024,
                "height": 576,
                "pixels": 589824
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 13172,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13172/",
            "page_type": "Produced Video",
            "title": "VISIONS-2 Imagery",
            "description": "A collection of photos captured during NASA's VISIONS-2 sounding rocket campaign in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, a remote archipelago off the northern coast of Norway. The mission successfully launched on Dec. 7, 2018. || ",
            "release_date": "2019-05-08T17:00:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:45:58.297414-04:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 396582,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013100/a013172/Moonlit_Ny-Alesund-_print.jpg",
                "filename": "Moonlit_Ny-Alesund-_print.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "Moonlit landscape in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. Credit: NASA/Chris Pirner",
                "width": 1024,
                "height": 373,
                "pixels": 381952
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 13167,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13167/",
            "page_type": "Produced Video",
            "title": "VISIONS-2 Aurora Imagery",
            "description": "Aurora in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard on December 6, 2018. A GIF optimized for Twitter. || Aurora.gif (1920x1080) [13.3 MB] || Aurora in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard on December 6, 2018.Credit: NASA/Joy Ng || Dec6_Aurora_JoyNg_print.jpg (1024x682) [455.2 KB] || Dec6_Aurora_JoyNg.jpg (4104x2736) [4.6 MB] || Dec6_Aurora_JoyNg_searchweb.png (320x180) [67.8 KB] || Dec6_Aurora_JoyNg_web.png (320x213) [82.2 KB] || Dec6_Aurora_JoyNg_thm.png (80x40) [4.6 KB] || ",
            "release_date": "2019-05-07T15:00:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2019-05-10T09:47:04-04:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 396547,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013100/a013167/Dec6_Aurora_JoyNg_print.jpg",
                "filename": "Dec6_Aurora_JoyNg_print.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "Aurora in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard on December 6, 2018.Credit: NASA/Joy Ng",
                "width": 1024,
                "height": 682,
                "pixels": 698368
            }
        }
    ],
    "products": [
        {
            "id": 14628,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14628/",
            "page_type": "Produced Video",
            "title": "Discovering Earth’s Third Global Energy Field",
            "description": "High above the Earth’s North and South Poles, a steady stream of particles escapes from our atmosphere into space. Scientists call this mysterious outflow the “polar wind,” and for almost 60 years, spacecraft have been flying through it as scientists have theorized about its cause. The leading theory was that a planet-wide electric field was drawing those particles up into space. But this so-called ambipolar electric field, if it exists, is so weak that all attempts to measure it have failed – until now.In 2022, scientists traveled to Svalbard, a small archipelago in Norway, to launch a rocket in an attempt to measure Earth’s ambipolar electric field for the first time. This was NASA’s Endurance rocketship mission, and this is its story.To learn more, visit: https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/heliophysics/nasa-discovers-long-sought-global-electric-field-on-earth/ || ",
            "release_date": "2024-08-28T11:30:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2024-08-28T11:37:52.179001-04:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 1096850,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014600/a014628/Thumbnail02.jpg",
                "filename": "Thumbnail02.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "Discovering Earth's Third Global Energy FieldWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.Music credit: \"Atoms in Motion\" by Phillip John Gregory [PRS], “Curious By Nature” by Eddie Saffron [PRS], “Perfect Vibes” by Thomas Gallicani [SACEM], “Natural Response” by Jonathan Elisa [ASCAP] and Sarah Trevino [ASCAP] from Universal Production MusicSound effects: Pixabay",
                "width": 1280,
                "height": 720,
                "pixels": 921600
            }
        }
    ],
    "newer_versions": [],
    "older_versions": [],
    "alternate_versions": []
}