{ "id": 13220, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13220/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Ten Years of High-Energy Gamma-ray Bursts", "description": "Green dots show the locations of 186 gamma-ray bursts observed by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on NASA’s Fermi satellite during its first decade. Some noteworthy bursts are highlighted and labeled. Background: Constructed from nine years of LAT data, this map shows how the gamma-ray sky appears at energies above 10 billion electron volts. The plane of our Milky Way galaxy runs along the middle of the plot. Brighter colors indicate brighter gamma-ray sources.Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration || Fermi_LAT_GRBs.jpg (5991x2994) [2.1 MB] || ", "release_date": "2019-06-13T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:45:54.309282-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 395532, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013220/Fermi_LAT_GRBs_no_labels_print.jpg", "filename": "Fermi_LAT_GRBs_no_labels_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "An unlabeled version of the image above. \rCredit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center\r", "width": 1024, "height": 511, "pixels": 523264 }, "main_video": { "id": 2, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a001700/a001703/4559_Kepler_Neptune_Twitter_720.mp4", "filename": "4559_Kepler_Neptune_Twitter_720.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 }, "main_credits": { "Written by": [ { "name": "Jeanette Kazmierczak", "employer": "University of Maryland College Park" } ] }, "progress": "Complete", "media_groups": [ { "id": 323468, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13220/#media_group_323468", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "Green dots show the locations of 186 gamma-ray bursts observed by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on NASA’s Fermi satellite during its first decade. Some noteworthy bursts are highlighted and labeled. Background: Constructed from nine years of LAT data, this map shows how the gamma-ray sky appears at energies above 10 billion electron volts. The plane of our Milky Way galaxy runs along the middle of the plot. Brighter colors indicate brighter gamma-ray sources.

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Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration\r

", "items": [ { "id": 239071, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395530, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013220/Fermi_LAT_GRBs.jpg", "filename": "Fermi_LAT_GRBs.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Green dots show the locations of 186 gamma-ray bursts observed by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on NASA’s Fermi satellite during its first decade. Some noteworthy bursts are highlighted and labeled. Background: Constructed from nine years of LAT data, this map shows how the gamma-ray sky appears at energies above 10 billion electron volts. The plane of our Milky Way galaxy runs along the middle of the plot. Brighter colors indicate brighter gamma-ray sources.\rCredit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration\r", "width": 5991, "height": 2994, "pixels": 17937054 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 323469, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13220/#media_group_323469", "widget": "Basic text with HTML", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "For a decade, NASA’s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has scanned the sky for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), the universe’s most luminous explosions. A new catalog of the highest-energy blasts provides scientists with fresh insights into how they work.\r
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GRBs emit gamma rays, the highest-energy form of light. Most GRBs occurs when some types of massive stars run out of fuel and collapse to create new black holes. Others happen when two neutron stars, superdense remnants of stellar explosions, merge. Both kinds of cataclysmic events create jets of particles that move near the speed of light. The gamma rays are produced in collisions of fast-moving material inside the jets and when the jets interact with the environment around the star.\r
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Astronomers can distinguish the two GRB classes by the duration of their lower-energy gamma rays. Short bursts from neutron star mergers last less than 2 seconds, while long bursts typically continue for a minute or more. The new catalog, which includes 17 short and 169 long bursts, describes 186 events seen by Fermi’s Large Area Telescope (LAT) over the last 10 years.\r
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The LAT sees about one-fifth of the sky at any time and records gamma rays with energies above 30 million electron volts (MeV) — millions of times the energy of visible light. Fermi’s other instrument, the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), sees the entire sky that isn’t blocked by Earth and detects lower-energy emission. All told, the GBM has detected more than 2,300 GRBs so far.
", "items": [], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 323470, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13220/#media_group_323470", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "An unlabeled version of the image above.

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Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center\r

", "items": [ { "id": 239072, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395531, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013220/Fermi_LAT_GRBs_no_labels.jpg", "filename": "Fermi_LAT_GRBs_no_labels.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "An unlabeled version of the image above. \rCredit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center\r", "width": 5991, "height": 2994, "pixels": 17937054 } }, { "id": 239073, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395532, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013220/Fermi_LAT_GRBs_no_labels_print.jpg", "filename": "Fermi_LAT_GRBs_no_labels_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "An unlabeled version of the image above. \rCredit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center\r", "width": 1024, "height": 511, "pixels": 523264 } }, { "id": 239074, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395533, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013220/Fermi_LAT_GRBs_no_labels_searchweb.png", "filename": "Fermi_LAT_GRBs_no_labels_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "An unlabeled version of the image above. \rCredit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center\r", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 239075, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395534, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013220/Fermi_LAT_GRBs_no_labels_thm.png", "filename": "Fermi_LAT_GRBs_no_labels_thm.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "An unlabeled version of the image above. \rCredit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center\r", "width": 80, "height": 40, "pixels": 3200 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 323471, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13220/#media_group_323471", "widget": "Basic text with HTML", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "

GRB 130427A set the record for the highest-energy individual gamma ray detected by the LAT instrument. It also holds the record for the most gamma rays — 17 — with energies above 10 billion electron volts. The animation below illustrates the formation of a long GRB and its gamma-ray jets.
GRB 090510 helped test Einstein’s theory that all forms of light travel through the vacuum of space at the same speed. Learn more about the event in the video below, starting at 0:59.", "items": [], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 323472, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13220/#media_group_323472", "widget": "Basic text", "title": "For More Information", "caption": "", "description": "See [https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/nasa-s-fermi-mission-reveals-its-highest-energy-gamma-ray-bursts](https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/nasa-s-fermi-mission-reveals-its-highest-energy-gamma-ray-bursts)", "items": [], "extra_data": {} } ], "studio": "gms", "funding_sources": [ "NASA Astrophysics" ], "credits": [ { "role": "Science writer", "people": [ { "name": "Jeanette Kazmierczak", "employer": "University of Maryland College Park" }, { "name": "Francis Reddy", "employer": "University of Maryland College Park" } ] }, { "role": "Producer", "people": [ { "name": "Scott Wiessinger", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Visualizer", "people": [ { "name": "Francis Reddy", "employer": "University of Maryland College Park" } ] } ], "missions": [ "Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope" ], "series": [ "Astrophysics Stills" ], "tapes": [], "papers": [ "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ab1d4e", "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ab1d4e" ], "datasets": [], "nasa_science_categories": [ "Universe" ], "keywords": [ "Ast", "Astrophysics", "Fermi", "Galaxy", "Gamma Ray Burst", "Neutron Star", "Space", "Star" ], "recommended_pages": [], "related": [ { "id": 11407, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11407/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Briefing Materials: NASA Missions Explore Record-Setting Cosmic Blast", "description": "On Thursday, Nov. 21, 2013, NASA held a media teleconference to discuss new findings related to a brilliant gamma-ray burst detected on April 27. Audio of the teleconference is available for download here.Related feature story: www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/nasa-sees-watershed-cosmic-blast-in-unique-detail/.Audio of Sylvia Zhu interview for a Science Podcast. Briefing Speakers Introduction: Paul Hertz, NASA Astrophysics Division Director, NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C.Charles Dermer, astrophysicist, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C.Thomas Vestrand, astrophysicist, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, N.M.Chryssa Kouveliotou, astrophysicist, NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. Presenter 1: Charles Dermer || ", "release_date": "2013-11-21T14:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:51:26.416266-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 460887, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011400/a011407/Nebula-Jet_Still_1.jpg", "filename": "Nebula-Jet_Still_1.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Gamma-ray bursts are the most luminous explosions in the cosmos. Astronomers think most occur when the core of a massive star runs out of nuclear fuel, collapses under its own weight, and forms a black hole. The black hole then drives jets of particles that drill all the way through the collapsing star at nearly the speed of light. Artist's rendering.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center ", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 11261, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11261/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA's Fermi, Swift See 'Shockingly Bright' Gamma-ray Burst", "description": "A record-setting blast of gamma rays from a dying star in a distant galaxy has wowed astronomers around the world. The eruption, which is classified as a gamma-ray burst, or GRB, and designated GRB 130427A, produced the highest-energy light ever detected from such an event.The GRB lasted so long that a record number of telescopes on the ground were able to catch it while space-based observations were still ongoing.Just after 3:47 a.m. EDT on Saturday, April 27, Fermi's Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) triggered on an eruption of high-energy light in the constellation Leo. The burst occurred as NASA's Swift satellite was slewing between targets, which delayed its Burst Alert Telescope's detection by less than a minute. Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT) recorded one gamma ray with an energy of at least 94 billion electron volts (GeV), or some 35 billion times the energy of visible light, and about three times greater than the LAT's previous record. The GeV emission from the burst lasted for hours, and it remained detectable by the LAT for the better part of a day, setting a new record for the longest gamma-ray emission from a GRB.The burst subsequently was detected in optical, infrared and radio wavelengths by ground-based observatories, based on the rapid accurate position from Swift. Astronomers quickly learned that the GRB was located about 3.6 billion light-years away, which for these events is relatively close.Gamma-ray bursts are the universe's most luminous explosions. Astronomers think most occur when massive stars run out of nuclear fuel and collapse under their own weight. As the core collapses into a black hole, jets of material shoot outward at nearly the speed of light. The jets bore all the way through the collapsing star and continue into space, where they interact with gas previously shed by the star and generate bright afterglows that fade with time. If the GRB is near enough, astronomers usually discover a supernova at the site a week or so after the outburst. This GRB is in the closest 5 percent of bursts, so ground-based observatories are monitoring its location in hopes of finding an underlying supernova. || ", "release_date": "2013-05-03T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:52:11.580337-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 465852, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011200/a011261/GRB_LAT_B4_AFTER_2.jpg", "filename": "GRB_LAT_B4_AFTER_2.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "These maps, both centered on the north galactic pole, show how the sky looks at gamma-ray energies above 100 million electron volts (MeV). The first frame shows the sky during a three-hour interval prior to GRB 130427A. The second frame shows a three-hour interval starting 2.5 hours before the burst, and ending 30 minutes into the event. The Fermi team chose this interval to demonstrate how bright the burst was relative to the rest of the gamma-ray sky. This burst was bright enough that Fermi autonomously left its normal surveying mode to give the LAT instrument a better view, so the three-hour exposure following the burst does not cover the whole sky in the usual way. Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "width": 1080, "height": 1080, "pixels": 1166400 } }, { "id": 10344, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10344/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Fermi LAT movie of Gamma-ray Burst (GRB) 080916C", "description": "This movie compresses about 8 minutes of Fermi LAT observations of GRB 080916C into 6 seconds. Colored dots represent gamma rays of different energies. Visible light has energy between about 2 and 3 electron volts (eV). The blue dots represent lower-energy gamma rays (less than 100 million eV); green, moderate energies (100 million to 1 billion eV); and red, the highest energies (more than 1 billion eV). || ", "release_date": "2009-02-19T14:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:54.478887-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 500381, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010300/a010344/GRB080916C_LAT_120000082_print.jpg", "filename": "GRB080916C_LAT_120000082_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This movie shows Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of GRB 080916C. About 8 minutes of data are compressed into 6 seconds. Colored dots represent gamma rays of different energies. The blue dots represent lower-energy gamma rays; green, moderate energies; and red, the highest energies.\rCredit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration\r", "width": 1024, "height": 1024, "pixels": 1048576 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }