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"description": "This new ultra-high definition simulation shows three orbits of a pair of supermassive black holes only 40 orbits from merging. The models reveal the light emitted at this stage of the process may be dominated by UV light with some high-energy X-rays, similar to what’s seen in any galaxy with a well-fed supermassive black hole. \r
\r
Three regions of light-emitting gas glow as the black holes merge, all connected by streams of hot gas: a large ring encircling the entire system, called the circumbinary disk, and two smaller ones around each black hole, called mini disks. All these objects emit predominantly UV light. When gas flows into a mini disk at a high rate, the disk’s UV light interacts with each black hole’s corona, a region of high-energy subatomic particles above and below the disk. This interaction produces X-rays. When the accretion rate is lower, UV light dims relative to the X-rays.
The simulation is of a system with 1 million times the Sun's mass, and a separation between the two supermass black holes of 30 million kilometers.
\r
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Tulsa" } ] }, { "role": "Scientist", "people": [ { "name": "Scott Noble", "employer": "USRA/U. Tulsa" } ] } ], "missions": [], "series": [ "Astrophysics Visualizations" ], "tapes": [], "papers": [ "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aad8b4", "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aad8b4" ], "datasets": [], "nasa_science_categories": [ "Universe" ], "keywords": [ "4K", "Ast", "Astrophysics", "Black Hole", "Simulation", "Supermassive Black Hole", "UV", "X-ray" ], "recommended_pages": [], "related": [ { "id": 14130, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14130/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Fermi Searches for Gravitational Waves From Monster Black Holes", "description": "The length of a gravitational wave, or ripple in space-time, depends on its source, as shown in this infographic. Scientists need different kinds of detectors to study as much of the spectrum as possible.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab || GravWav_Infographic_MILES_10k_vFinal_print.jpg (1024x576) [158.7 KB] || GravWav_Infographic_MILES_10k_vFinal.png (10000x5625) [2.1 MB] || GravWav_Infographic_MILES_10k_vFinal.jpg (10000x5625) [4.1 MB] || GravWav_Infographic_MILES_10k_vFinal_searchweb.png (320x180) [55.8 KB] || GravWav_Infographic_MILES_10k_vFinal_thm.png (80x40) [5.4 KB] || ", "release_date": "2022-04-07T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T11:44:14.854338-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 372018, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014100/a014130/GravWav_Infographic_MILES_10k_vFinal_print.jpg", "filename": "GravWav_Infographic_MILES_10k_vFinal_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The length of a gravitational wave, or ripple in space-time, depends on its source, as shown in this infographic. Scientists need different kinds of detectors to study as much of the spectrum as possible.\rCredit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 11206, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11206/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA-led Study Explains How Black Holes Shine in Hard X-rays", "description": "A new study by astronomers at NASA, Johns Hopkins University and the Rochester Institute of Technology confirms long-held suspicions about how stellar-mass black holes produce their highest-energy light. By analyzing a supercomputer simulation of gas flowing into a black hole, the team finds they can reproduce a range of important X-ray features long observed in active black holes. Jeremy Schnittman, an astrophysicist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., led the research.Black holes are the densest objects known. Stellar black holes form when massive stars run out of fuel and collapse, crushing up to 20 times the sun's mass into compact objects less than 75 miles (120 kilometers) wide. Gas falling toward a black hole initially orbits around it and then accumulates into a flattened disk. The gas stored in this disk gradually spirals inward and becomes greatly compressed and heated as it nears the center, ultimately reaching temperatures up to 20 million degrees Fahrenheit (12 million C), or some 2,000 times hotter than the sun's surface. It glows brightly in low-energy, or soft, X-rays.For more than 40 years, however, observations show that black holes also produce considerable amounts of \"hard\" X-rays, light with energy tens to hundreds of times greater than soft X-rays. This higher-energy light implies the presence of correspondingly hotter gas, with temperatures reaching billions of degrees. The new study involves a detailed computer simulation that simultaneously tracked the fluid, electrical and magnetic properties of the gas while also taking into account Einstein's theory of relativity. Using this data, the scientists developed tools to track how X-rays were emitted, absorbed, and scattered in and around the disk. The study demonstrates for the first time a direct connection between magnetic turbulence in the disk, the formation of a billion-degree corona above and below the disk, and the production of hard X-rays around an actively \"feeding\" black hole.Watch this video on YouTube. || ", "release_date": "2013-06-14T10:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:52:04.530319-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 468347, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011200/a011206/Black_Hole_Sim_Still.png", "filename": "Black_Hole_Sim_Still.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation of supercomputer data takes you to the inner zone of the accretion disk of a stellar-mass black hole. Gas heated to 20 million degrees F as it spirals toward the black hole glows in low-energy, or soft, X-rays. Just before the gas plunges to the center, its orbital motion is approaching the speed of light. X-rays up to hundreds of times more powerful (\"harder\") than those in the disk arise from the corona, a region of tenuous and much hotter gas around the disk. Coronal temperatures reach billions of degrees. The event horizon is the boundary where all trajectories, including those of light, must go inward. Nothing, not even light, can pass outward across the event horizon and escape the black hole.Music: \"Lost in Space\" by Lars Leonhard, courtesy of artist.For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [ { "id": 14793, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14793/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Black Holes Vertical Video", "description": "This page collects Astrophysics vertical videos with black-hole-related content", "release_date": "2025-05-27T20:55:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-09-12T08:24:58.250408-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 1153286, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014700/a014793/Binary Black Hole Still.jpg", "filename": "Binary Black Hole Still.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "", "width": 1080, "height": 1920, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 13043, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13043/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "New Simulation Sheds Light on Spiraling Supermassive Black Holes", "description": "Gas glows brightly in this computer simulation of supermassive black holes only 40 orbits from merging. Models like this may eventually help scientists pinpoint real examples of these powerful binary systems. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Scott Noble; simulation data, d'Ascoli et al. 2018Music: \"Games Show Sphere 01\" from Killer TracksWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available. || SMBH_Sim_Still_1.jpg (1920x1080) [333.8 KB] || SMBH_Sim_Still_1_print.jpg (1024x576) [138.8 KB] || SMBH_Sim_Still_1_searchweb.png (320x180) [69.3 KB] || SMBH_Sim_Still_1_thm.png (80x40) [6.4 KB] || 13043_SMBH_Simulation_1080.webm (1920x1080) [17.4 MB] || 13043_SMBH_Simulation_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [202.8 MB] || SMBH_SRT_Captions.en_US.srt [2.0 KB] || SMBH_SRT_Captions.en_US.vtt [1.9 KB] || 13043_SMBH_Simulation_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [2.0 GB] || ", "release_date": "2018-10-02T10:50:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-08-14T22:44:41.842504-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 400952, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013000/a013043/SMBH_Sim_Still_1.jpg", "filename": "SMBH_Sim_Still_1.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Gas glows brightly in this computer simulation of supermassive black holes only 40 orbits from merging. Models like this may eventually help scientists pinpoint real examples of these powerful binary systems. \rCredit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Scott Noble; simulation data, d'Ascoli et al. 2018Music: \"Games Show Sphere 01\" from Killer TracksWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.\rComplete transcript available.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } ], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }