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    "title": "ICON Graphics",
    "description": "The Ionospheric Connection Explorer, or ICON, is a low-Earth orbiting satellite that will give us new information about how Earth’s atmosphere interacts with near-Earth space — a give-and-take that plays a major role in the safety of our satellites and reliability of communications signals. Specifically, ICON investigates the connections between the neutral atmosphere — which extends from here near the surface to far above us, at the edge of space — and the electrically charged part of the atmosphere, called the ionosphere. The particles of the ionosphere carry electrical charge that can disrupt communications signals, cause satellites in low-Earth orbit to become electrically charged, and, in extreme cases, cause power outages on the ground. || ",
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            "description": "ICON observes airglow from low-Earth orbit.<p><p>Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Mary Pat Hrybyk-Keith",
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            "description": "ICON observes airglow from low-Earth orbit.<p><p>Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Mary Pat Hrybyk-Keith",
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            "description": "ICON on a transparent background.<p><p>Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Mary Pat Hrybyk-Keith",
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            "description": "ICON infographic and banner.<p><p>Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Mary Pat Hrybyk-Keith",
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            "description": "Flier part 1/2<p><p>ICON overview flier for media and outreach.<p><p>Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Mary Pat Hrybyk-Keith",
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    "funding_sources": [
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        {
            "role": "Graphic designer",
            "people": [
                {
                    "name": "Mary P. Hrybyk-Keith",
                    "employer": "TRAX International"
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    "nasa_science_categories": [
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    "keywords": [
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        "Ionosphere",
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        "Sun-earth Interactions"
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    "related": [
        {
            "id": 12960,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12960/",
            "page_type": "Infographic",
            "title": "Ionosphere Graphics",
            "description": "Stretching from roughly 50 to 400 miles above Earth’s surface, the ionosphere is an electrified layer of the upper atmosphere, generated by extreme ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. It’s neither fully Earth nor space, and instead, reacts to both terrestrial weather below and solar energy streaming in from above, forming a complex space weather system of its own. The particles of the ionosphere carry electrical charge that can disrupt communications signals, cause satellites in low-Earth orbit to become electrically charged, and, in extreme cases, cause power outages on the ground. Positioned on the edge of space and intermingled with the neutral atmosphere, the ionosphere’s response to conditions on Earth and in space is difficult to pin down. || ",
            "release_date": "2018-05-31T19:00:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:46:44.552542-04:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 403890,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012900/a012960/Airglow_Layers.jpg",
                "filename": "Airglow_Layers.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "Stretching from roughly 50 to 400 miles above the surface, this region, called the ionosphere, is an electrified layer of the upper atmosphere, generated by extreme ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Understanding the ionosphere’s extreme variability is tricky because it requires detangling interactions between the different factors at play — interactions of which we don’t have a clear picture. That’s where airglow comes in. Airglow occurs when atoms and molecules in the upper atmosphere, excited by sunlight, emit light in order to shed their excess energy. The phenomenon is similar to auroras, but where auroras are driven by high-energy particles originating from the solar wind, airglow is sparked by day-to-day solar radiation. Airglow carries information on the upper atmosphere’s temperature, density, and composition, but it also helps us trace how particles move through the region itself. Vast, high-altitude winds sweep through the ionosphere, pushing its contents around the globe — and airglow’s subtle dance follows their lead, highlighting global patterns. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Mary Pat Hrybyk-Keith",
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                "pixels": 876512
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}