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\r\rThis is the first definitive evidence of the success of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, which was ratified in 1987. The international treaty banned the use of chlorofluorocarbons and related compounds, which break down in the stratosphere and release chlorine molecules. This chlorine depletes the ozone layer and is responsible for creating the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica.
\r\rThe ozone hole fluctuates each year, reaching an annual maximum at the end of southern winter, usually in September. The hole has been trending smaller for the last few years, but as temperature has an effect on ozone-depletion, this was not definitive evidence of the Montreal Protocol’s efficacy.
\r\rAlthough scientists have been measuring levels of chlorine near the ground for decades, this study is the first time anyone accurately measured chlorine levels inside the ozone hole, confirming that the Montreal Protocol is doing its job.", "items": [], "extra_data": {} } ], "studio": "gms", "funding_sources": [ "ESE" ], "credits": [ { "role": "Producer", "people": [ { "name": "Kathryn Mersmann", "employer": "USRA" }, { "name": "Jefferson Beck", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Scientist", "people": [ { "name": "Susan Strahan", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Videographer", "people": [ { "name": "John Caldwell", "employer": "Advocates in Manpower Management, Inc." }, { "name": "Rob Andreoli", "employer": "Advocates in Manpower Management, Inc." } ] } ], "missions": [], "series": [ "Narrated Movies" ], "tapes": [], "papers": [], "datasets": [], "nasa_science_categories": [ "Earth" ], "keywords": [ "Atmosphere", "Atmospheric Chemistry/Halons and Halogens", "Atmospheric Chemistry/Oxygen Compounds", "Chlorofluorocarbons", "Earth Science", "HDTV", "Hydrochlorofluorocarbons", "Montreal Protocol", "ozone", "Ozone depletion", "Ozone Hole" ], "recommended_pages": [], "related": [ { "id": 13349, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13349/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Unusual Winds Drive a Small 2019 Ozone Hole", "description": "Every year, NASA and NOAA track the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica as it grows to its annual winter maximum. This year, the hole was smaller than expected, due to an unusual weather pattern in the stratosphere. || ", "release_date": "2019-10-21T10:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:45:34.293481-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 391985, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013300/a013349/Max.png", "filename": "Max.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Music: Life Choices by Eric Chevalier [SACEM]Complete transcript available.", "width": 1776, "height": 997, "pixels": 1770672 } }, { "id": 12764, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12764/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Warm Winter Air Makes for a Small Ozone Hole", "description": "Music: Stars Align by Andrew Michael Britton [PRS] || LARGE_MP4-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_large.01358_print.jpg (1024x576) [64.4 KB] || LARGE_MP4-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_large.01358_searchweb.png (320x180) [41.0 KB] || LARGE_MP4-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_large.01358_thm.png (80x40) [4.1 KB] || LARGE_MP4-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_large.mp4 (1920x1080) [46.1 MB] || APPLE_TV-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [20.2 MB] || YOUTUBE_1080-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_youtube_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [64.9 MB] || WEBM-12764_2017OzoneMinimum.webm (960x540) [18.0 MB] || APPLE_TV-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [20.2 MB] || 2017OzoneMinimum.en_US.srt [732 bytes] || 2017OzoneMinimum.en_US.vtt [745 bytes] || NASA_PODCAST-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [7.4 MB] || ", "release_date": "2017-11-02T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:47:15.052949-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 409919, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012700/a012764/LARGE_MP4-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_large.01358_print.jpg", "filename": "LARGE_MP4-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_large.01358_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Music: Stars Align by Andrew Michael Britton [PRS]", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 12708, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12708/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA Watches 30 Years of Ozone Success", "description": "Thirty years ago, the nations of the world agreed to the landmark ‘Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.’ The Protocol limited the release of ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the atmosphere. Since the 1960s, NASA scientists have worked with NOAA researchers to study the ozone layer, using a combination of satellite, aircraft and balloon measurements of the atmosphere.Things have been improving in the 30 years since the Montreal Protocol. Thanks to the agreement, the concentration of CFCs in the atmosphere has been decreasing, and the ozone hole maximum has been smaller since a record in 2006.From the ground and space, NASA science offers a unique perspective of Earth, helping to identify challenges and find solutions to benefit the planet. || ", "release_date": "2017-09-16T07:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:47:22.327239-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 411415, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012700/a012708/LARGE_MP4-Montreal_Protocol_30_large.00001_print.jpg", "filename": "LARGE_MP4-Montreal_Protocol_30_large.00001_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Music: Future Generation by Laurent Dury [SACEM]", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }