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    "title": "Doomed Neutron Stars Create Blast of Light and Gravitational Waves",
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    "release_date": "2017-10-16T10:00:00-04:00",
    "update_date": "2025-06-23T00:17:47.900998-04:00",
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        "alt_text": "This animation captures phenomena observed over the course of nine days following the neutron star merger known as GW170817, detected on Aug. 17, 2017. They include gravitational waves (pale arcs), a near-light-speed jet that produced gamma rays (magenta), expanding debris from a kilonova that produced ultraviolet (violet), optical and infrared (blue-white to red) emission, and, once the jet directed toward us expanded into our view from Earth, X-rays (blue). Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/CI LabMusic: \"Exploding Skies\" from Killer TracksWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.",
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    "main_credits": {
        "Produced by": [
            {
                "name": "Scott Wiessinger",
                "employer": "USRA"
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        "Written by": [
            {
                "name": "Francis Reddy",
                "employer": "Syneren Technologies"
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        "Visualizations by": [
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                "name": "Brian Monroe",
                "employer": "USRA"
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    "progress": "Complete",
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            "description": "This animation captures phenomena observed over the course of nine days following the neutron star merger known as GW170817, detected on Aug. 17, 2017. They include gravitational waves (pale arcs), a near-light-speed jet that produced gamma rays (magenta), expanding debris from a kilonova that produced ultraviolet (violet), optical and infrared (blue-white to red) emission, and, once the jet directed toward us expanded into our view from Earth, X-rays (blue). <p><p>Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/CI Lab<p><p>Music: \"Exploding Skies\" from Killer Tracks<p><p><b>Watch this video on the <a href=\"https://youtu.be/x_Akn8fUBeQ\" target=\"_blank\" >NASA Goddard YouTube channel</a>.</b><p><p><p><p><p><p><a href=\"/vis/a010000/a012700/a012740/NS_Merger_Transcript.html\">Complete transcript</a> available.</p>",
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                        "alt_text": "This animation captures phenomena observed over the course of nine days following the neutron star merger known as GW170817, detected on Aug. 17, 2017. They include gravitational waves (pale arcs), a near-light-speed jet that produced gamma rays (magenta), expanding debris from a kilonova that produced ultraviolet (violet), optical and infrared (blue-white to red) emission, and, once the jet directed toward us expanded into our view from Earth, X-rays (blue). Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/CI LabMusic: \"Exploding Skies\" from Killer TracksWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.",
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                        "alt_text": "This animation captures phenomena observed over the course of nine days following the neutron star merger known as GW170817, detected on Aug. 17, 2017. They include gravitational waves (pale arcs), a near-light-speed jet that produced gamma rays (magenta), expanding debris from a kilonova that produced ultraviolet (violet), optical and infrared (blue-white to red) emission, and, once the jet directed toward us expanded into our view from Earth, X-rays (blue). Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/CI LabMusic: \"Exploding Skies\" from Killer TracksWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.",
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                        "alt_text": "This animation captures phenomena observed over the course of nine days following the neutron star merger known as GW170817, detected on Aug. 17, 2017. They include gravitational waves (pale arcs), a near-light-speed jet that produced gamma rays (magenta), expanding debris from a kilonova that produced ultraviolet (violet), optical and infrared (blue-white to red) emission, and, once the jet directed toward us expanded into our view from Earth, X-rays (blue). Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/CI LabMusic: \"Exploding Skies\" from Killer TracksWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.",
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                        "alt_text": "This animation captures phenomena observed over the course of nine days following the neutron star merger known as GW170817, detected on Aug. 17, 2017. They include gravitational waves (pale arcs), a near-light-speed jet that produced gamma rays (magenta), expanding debris from a kilonova that produced ultraviolet (violet), optical and infrared (blue-white to red) emission, and, once the jet directed toward us expanded into our view from Earth, X-rays (blue). Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/CI LabMusic: \"Exploding Skies\" from Killer TracksWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.",
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            "description": "For the first time, NASA scientists have detected light tied to a gravitational-wave event, thanks to two merging neutron stars in the galaxy NGC 4993, located about 130 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Hydra. <br><br>Shortly after 8:41 a.m. EDT on Aug. 17, NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope picked up a pulse of high-energy light from a powerful explosion, which was immediately reported to astronomers around the globe as a short gamma-ray burst. The scientists at the National Science Foundation’s Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detected gravitational waves dubbed GW170817 from a pair of smashing stars tied to the gamma-ray burst, encouraging astronomers to look for the aftermath of the explosion. Shortly thereafter, the burst was detected as part of a follow-up analysis by ESA’s (European Space Agency’s) INTEGRAL satellite.<br><br>NASA's Swift, Hubble, Chandra and Spitzer missions, along with dozens of ground-based observatories, including the NASA-funded Pan-STARRS survey, later captured the fading glow of the blast's expanding debris. <br><br>Neutron stars are the crushed, leftover cores of massive stars that previously exploded as supernovas long ago. The merging stars likely had masses between 10 and 60 percent greater than that of our Sun, but they were no wider than Washington, D.C. The pair whirled around each other hundreds of times a second, producing gravitational waves at the same frequency. As they drew closer and orbited faster, the stars eventually broke apart and merged, producing both a gamma-ray burst and a rarely seen flare-up called a \"kilonova.\"<br><br>Neutron star mergers produce a wide variety of light because the objects form a maelstrom of hot debris when they collide. Merging black holes -- the types of events LIGO and its European counterpart, Virgo, have previously seen -- very likely consume any matter around them long before they crash, so we don't expect the same kind of light show.<br><br>Within hours of the initial Fermi detection, LIGO and the Virgo detector at the European Gravitational Observatory near Pisa, Italy, greatly refined the event's position in the sky with additional analysis of gravitational wave data. Ground-based observatories then quickly located a new optical and infrared source -- the kilonova -- in NGC 4993.   <br><br>To Fermi, this appeared to be a typical short gamma-ray burst, but it occurred less than one-tenth as far away as any other short burst with a known distance, making it among the faintest known. Astronomers are still trying to figure out why this burst is so odd, and how this event relates to the more luminous gamma-ray bursts seen at much greater distances. <br><br>NASA’s Swift, Hubble and Spitzer missions followed the evolution of the kilonova to better understand the composition of this slower-moving material, while Chandra searched for X-rays associated with the remains of the ultra-fast jet.",
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            "description": "Doomed neutron stars whirl toward their demise in this illustration. Gravitational waves (pale arcs) bleed away orbital energy, causing the stars to move closer together and merge. As the stars collide, some of the debris blasts away in particle jets moving at nearly the speed of light, producing a brief burst of gamma rays. <p><p>Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/CI Lab",
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            "description": "This animation shows the shrinking orbit and explosive merging of two neutron stars, immediately followed by the eruption of powerful jets (orange) and then expanding shock waves where the jets plow into surrounding material (pink structures at the tip of each jet). The animation then shows the kilonova, the neutron-rich debris of the explosion (depicted by the expanding and flattened blue spheres) powered by the decay of newly forged radioactive elements. The jets emit gamma rays, the shock wave glows in X-rays and the kilonova produces ultraviolet light.<p><p><p><p>Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/CI Lab<p><p>Music: \"Exploding Skies\" from Killer Tracks<p><p><p><p><p><a href=\"/vis/a010000/a012700/a012740/NS_Merger_Transcript.html\">Complete transcript</a> available.</p>",
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            "description": "This animation shows the shrinking orbit and explosive merging of two neutron stars, immediately followed by the eruption of powerful jets (orange) and then expanding shock waves where the jets plow into surrounding material (pink structures at the tip of each jet). The animation then shows the kilonova, the neutron-rich debris of the explosion (depicted by the expanding and flattened blue spheres) powered by the decay of newly forged radioactive elements. The jets emit gamma rays, the shock wave glows in X-rays and the kilonova produces ultraviolet light. <p><p>This version is the raw 3840x2160, 60 fps animation and includes frames for download.<p><p>Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/CI Lab<p>",
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            "title": "NASA Supercomputer Probes Tangled Magnetospheres of Merging Neutron Stars",
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            "title": "NASA’s Compton Mission Glimpses Supersized Neutron Stars",
            "description": "This simulation tracks the gravitational wave and density changes as two orbiting neutron stars crash together. Dark purple colors represent the lowest densities, while yellow-white shows the highest. An audible tone and a visual frequency scale (at left) track the steady rise in the frequency of gravitational waves as the neutron stars close. When the objects merge at 42 seconds, the gravitational waves suddenly jump to frequencies of thousands of hertz and bounce between two primary tones (quasiperiodic oscillations, or QPOs). The presence of these signals in such simulations led to the search and discovery of similar phenomena in the light emitted by short gamma-ray bursts.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and STAG Research Centre/Peter HammondComplete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Visual description:On a black background with a faint gray grid, two multicolored blobs representing merging neutron stars circle and close. The colors indicate density. Yellow-white indicates the highest densities, at the centers of the objects. The colors change to orange and red at their periphery, with purple colors representing matter torn from and swirling with the neutron stars as they orbit.  The grid shrinks as the camera pulls back to capture a wider view of the merger. A pale orange display at left shows the changing frequency of the gravitational waves generated, which is also indicated by the rising tone. As the merger occurs, the screen shows a spinning yellow blob at center immersed in a large cloud of magneta and purple debris. || Merger_Simulation_Annotated_Still_2.jpg (1920x1080) [180.7 KB] || 14209_Hypermassive_QPO_Simulation_Zoom_YOUTUBE_1080.webm (1920x1080) [12.1 MB] || 14209_Hypermassive_QPO_Simulation_Zoom_YOUTUBE_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [129.3 MB] || 14209_Hypermassive_QPO_Simulation_Zoom_YOUTUBE_BEST_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [161.8 MB] || 14209_NS_Merger_QPO_SRT_Captions.en_US.srt [1.6 KB] || 14209_NS_Merger_QPO_SRT_Captions.en_US.vtt [1.6 KB] || 14209_Hypermassive_QPO_Simulation_Zoom_YOUTUBE_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [1.0 GB] || ",
            "release_date": "2023-01-09T17:10:00-05:00",
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                "alt_text": "Full version of the simulation above, but without labels or other annotations.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and STAG Research Centre/Peter HammondComplete transcript available.",
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        },
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            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14132/",
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            "title": "Black Hole Week: Black Hole GIFs",
            "description": "Black Hole WeekThis page provides social media assets used during previous celebrations of Black Hole Week. Join in! Below, you'll find many GIFs to use. || ",
            "release_date": "2022-04-12T00:00:00-04:00",
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                "pixels": 921600
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        },
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            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12949/",
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