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    "title": "3-D Views of Puerto Rico's Forests After Hurricane Maria",
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        "alt_text": "To get a detailed look at vegetation and land cover, NASA uses an airborne instrument called Goddard’s Lidar, Hyperspectral and Thermal Airborne Imager, or G-LiHT. From the belly of a small aircraft flying one thousand feet above the trees, G-LiHT collects multiple measurements of forests, including high-resolution photographs, surface temperatures and the heights and structure of the vegetation. Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.Music: Letting the Past Go, by Ben Hales [PRS], Matt Hales [PRS]",
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            "description": "To get a detailed look at vegetation and land cover, NASA uses an airborne instrument called Goddard’s Lidar, Hyperspectral and Thermal Airborne Imager, or G-LiHT. From the belly of a small aircraft flying one thousand feet above the trees, G-LiHT collects multiple measurements of forests, including high-resolution photographs, surface temperatures and the heights and structure of the vegetation. <p><p><p><b>Watch this video on the <a href=\"https://youtu.be/QeGFaqwDY3s\" target=\"_blank\" >NASA Goddard YouTube channel</a>.</b><p><p><a href=\"/vis/a010000/a012500/a012590/12590_Puerto_Rico_lidar-transcript.html\">Complete transcript</a> available.</p><p><p>Music: Letting the Past Go, by Ben Hales [PRS], Matt Hales [PRS]",
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            "description": "In September 2017, Hurricane Maria struck Puerto Rico head-on as a Category 4 storm with winds topping 155 miles per hour. The storm damaged homes, flooded towns, devastated the island's forests and caused the longest electricity black-out in U.S. history. <br><br>Hurricane Maria's lashing rain and winds transformed Puerto Rico's lush tropical rainforest landscape. Research scientist Doug Morton of Goddard was part of the team of NASA researchers who had surveyed Puerto Rico's forests six months before the storm with Goddard’s Lidar, Hyperspectral, and Thermal (G-LiHT) Airborne Imager, a system designed to study the structure and species composition of Puerto Rican forests. Shooting 600,000 laser pulses per second, G-LiHT produces a 3D view of the forest structure in high resolution. In April 2018, post-Maria, they went back and surveyed the same tracks as in 2017.<br><br>Comparing the before and after data, the team found that 40 to 60 percent of the tall trees that formed the canopy of the forest either lost large branches, were snapped in half or were uprooted by strong winds.\r<br>\r<br>\"Maria gave the island's forests a haircut,\" said Morton. \"The island lost so many large trees that forests were shortened by one-third. We basically saw 60 years' worth of what we would consider natural treefall disturbances happen in one day.\"",
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    "related": [
        {
            "id": 4576,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4576/",
            "page_type": "Visualization",
            "title": "El Yunque National Forest, Puerto Rico Canopy Change Up Close (2017-2018)",
            "description": "Sample composite that shows a split screen of 2017 and 2018 lidar data over El Yunque National Forest, Puerto Rico. As the animation plays, one can see a distinct difference between the fullness of the 2017 forest canopy versus the much sparser 2018 canopy. This difference is most noticable around rivers and streams where the neighboring forest canopy was stripped away by Hurricane Maria exposing much more of the water banks. || el_verde_zoom_comp2.2800_print.jpg (1024x576) [305.6 KB] || Sample_Composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || el_verde_zoom_comp2_1080p30_2.webm (1920x1080) [21.8 MB] || el_verde_zoom_comp2_1080p30_2.mp4 (1920x1080) [338.7 MB] || el_verde_zoom_comp2_1080p30_2.mp4.hwshow [195 bytes] || ",
            "release_date": "2018-12-10T00:00:00-05:00",
            "update_date": "2025-01-05T23:21:29.875934-05:00",
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                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "2018 Lidar traverse of El Yunque National Forest, Puerto Rico. Notice the jagged sparser nature of the tree canopy after Hurricane Maria hit in late 2017. Much more ground has also been exposed.",
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        },
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            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12991/",
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            "title": "NASA Surveys Hurricane Damage to Puerto Rico's Forests",
            "description": "Overview of field expedition to Puerto Rico in April 2018, to survey the recovery of forests since Hurricanes Irma and Maria hit the island seven months before.Complete transcript available.Music: Treehouse Imaginations by  Zachary Scott Lemon [BMI]Down Terrace by Damien Deschamps [SACEM]Reloj by Kevin Carbo [BMI]Living Forest by  Luca Proietti [SIAE]Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || 12991-mangroves_and_plane_wing_IMG_0852.jpg (5184x3456) [1.3 MB] || 12991-mangroves_and_plane_wing_IMG_0852_searchweb.png (320x180) [84.2 KB] || 12991-mangroves_and_plane_wing_IMG_0852_thm.png (80x40) [6.2 KB] || 12991_Puerto_Rico_lidar_V2_prores.mov (1920x1080) [8.9 GB] || 12991_Puerto_Rico_lidar_V2_youtube_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [558.3 MB] || 12991_Puerto_Rico_lidar_V2.mp4 (1920x1080) [328.9 MB] || 12991_Puerto_Rico_lidar_V2_large.mp4 (1920x1080) [343.8 MB] || 12991_Puerto_Rico_lidar_V2_youtube_720.mp4 (1280x720) [563.1 MB] || 12991_Puerto_Rico_lidar_twitter_720.mp4 (1280x720) [78.7 MB] || 12991_Puerto_Rico_lidar.webm (1920x1080) [39.1 MB] || 12991_Puerto_Rico_lidar-captions.en_US.srt [7.4 KB] || 12991_Puerto_Rico_lidar-captions.en_US.vtt [7.4 KB] || ",
            "release_date": "2018-07-10T14:00:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:46:39.243525-04:00",
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                "filename": "12991-mangroves_and_plane_wing_IMG_0852.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "Overview of field expedition to Puerto Rico in April 2018, to survey the recovery of forests since Hurricanes Irma and Maria hit the island seven months before.Complete transcript available.Music: Treehouse Imaginations by  Zachary Scott Lemon [BMI]Down Terrace by Damien Deschamps [SACEM]Reloj by Kevin Carbo [BMI]Living Forest by  Luca Proietti [SIAE]Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.",
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                "height": 3456,
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    ],
    "sources": [
        {
            "id": 4621,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4621/",
            "page_type": "Visualization",
            "title": "El Yunque National Forest, Puerto Rico Canopy Change Nadir View (2017-2018)",
            "description": "Animation that does of a low fly over of El Yunque National Forest, Puerto Rico. The entire animation is split screen showing the 2017 data on top and 2018 on bottom. Notice the dense lush forest canopy in 2017 and how it covers and shades much of the forest floor. However, in 2018, after Maria devastated the forest in late 2017, the tree canopy has been greatly thinned exposing much more of the forest floor. || evzoom_comp4.0300_print.jpg (1024x576) [316.8 KB] || evzoom_comp4.0300_searchweb.png (320x180) [121.7 KB] || evzoom_comp4.0300_thm.png (80x40) [7.3 KB] || Sample_Composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || evzoom_comp4_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [15.4 MB] || evzoom_comp4_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [199.0 MB] || evzoom_comp4_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [186 bytes] || ",
            "release_date": "2018-12-10T12:01:00-05:00",
            "update_date": "2025-01-06T00:12:31.818230-05:00",
            "main_image": {
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                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "Animation that does of a low fly over of El Yunque National Forest, Puerto Rico. The entire animation is split screen showing the 2017 data on top and 2018 on bottom. Notice the dense lush forest canopy in 2017 and how it covers and shades much of the forest floor. However, in 2018, after Maria devastated the forest in late 2017, the tree canopy has been greatly thinned exposing much more of the forest floor.",
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    "products": [
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            "id": 13216,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13216/",
            "page_type": "Produced Video",
            "title": "NASA Has Eyes On The Atlantic Hurricane Season",
            "description": "NASA has a unique and important view of hurricanes around the planet. Satellites and aircraft watch as storms form, travel across the ocean and sometimes, make landfall. After the hurricanes have passed, the satellites and aircraft see the aftermath of hurricanes, from downed forests to mass power loss. || ",
            "release_date": "2019-06-03T12:00:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:45:55.673932-04:00",
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                "filename": "13216_NASA_Has_Eyes_On_The_Atlantic_Hurricane_Season_YouTube.00050_print.jpg",
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                "alt_text": "Complete transcript available.Music credits: “Northern Breeze” by Denis Levaillant [SACEM], “Stunning Horizon” by Maxime Lebidois [SACEM], Ronan Maillard [SACEM], “Magnetic Force” by JC Lemay [SACEM] from Killer TracksWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.This video can be freely shared and downloaded. While the video in its entirety can be shared without permission, some individual imagery provided by pond5.com is obtained through permission and may not be excised or remixed in other products. Specific details on stock footage may be found here. For more information on NASA’s media guidelines, visit https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/guidelines/index.html.Notes on footage:• 0:03 - 0:17 provided by Pond5• 1:38 - 1.43 provided by Pond5• 1:49 - 1:52 provided by Pond5• 2:21 - 1:27 provided by Pond5",
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        {
            "id": 4735,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4735/",
            "page_type": "Visualization",
            "title": "NASA Surveys Hurricane Damage to Puerto Rico's Forests (Data Viz Version)",
            "description": "Hurricane Maria transformed the lush rainforests of Puerto Rico leaving lots of openings in the forest canopy. NASA scientists studied the island's forests before and after the storm. Goddard's Lidar, Hyperspectral, and Thermal Imager (G-LiHT) is a portable instrument that maps forest health and structure from a small airplane resulting in detailed 3-D views of the forest. G-LiHT sends out 600,000 laser pulses every second mapping leaves and branches, rocks and streams. Almost 60% of the canopy trees lost branches, snapped in half, or were uprooted. Trees with wide, spreading crowns were reduced to a slender main trunk. Forests in Puerto Rico are now one-third shorter on average, after Hurricane Maria. The disturbances affected the whole ecosystem, from soils and streams to birds and frogs. G-LiHT data will help scientists understand how forests and wildlife respond to future changes. || SIGGRAPH_lidar_over_Puerto_Rico.01000_print.jpg (1024x576) [90.3 KB] || SIGGRAPH_lidar_over_Puerto_Rico.01000_searchweb.png (320x180) [89.6 KB] || SIGGRAPH_lidar_over_Puerto_Rico.01000_thm.png (80x40) [7.1 KB] || SIGGRAPH_PuertoRicoLidar.webm (1920x1080) [19.9 MB] || SIGGRAPH_lidar_over_Puerto_Rico.webm (1920x1080) [21.4 MB] || SIGGRAPH_PuertoRicoLidar.mp4 (1920x1080) [253.0 MB] || ",
            "release_date": "2019-07-29T18:30:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:45:45.769286-04:00",
            "main_image": {
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                "filename": "SIGGRAPH_lidar_over_Puerto_Rico.01000_print.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "Hurricane Maria transformed the lush rainforests of Puerto Rico leaving lots of openings in the forest canopy. NASA scientists studied the island's forests before and after the storm. Goddard's Lidar, Hyperspectral, and Thermal Imager (G-LiHT) is a portable instrument that maps forest health and structure from a small airplane resulting in detailed 3-D views of the forest. G-LiHT sends out 600,000 laser pulses every second mapping leaves and branches, rocks and streams. Almost 60% of the canopy trees lost branches, snapped in half, or were uprooted. Trees with wide, spreading crowns were reduced to a slender main trunk. Forests in Puerto Rico are now one-third shorter on average, after Hurricane Maria. The disturbances affected the whole ecosystem, from soils and streams to birds and frogs. G-LiHT data will help scientists understand how forests and wildlife respond to future changes. ",
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}