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"title": "Possible Methane Sources and Sinks on Mars",
"description": "There are several possible ways that methane can be created, stored, and released on Mars, including both biological and non-biological pathways. || Mars_Methane_Sources_Sinks_PIA19088.jpg (1440x1080) [227.6 KB] || Mars_Methane_Sources_Sinks_PIA19088_searchweb.png (320x180) [108.1 KB] || Mars_Methane_Sources_Sinks_PIA19088_thm.png (80x40) [6.9 KB] || Mars_Methane_Sources_Sinks_PIA19088.tif (1440x1080) [4.5 MB] || ",
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"description": "This illustration portrays possible ways that methane might be added to Mars' atmosphere (sources) and removed from the atmosphere (sinks). NASA's Curiosity Mars rover has detected fluctuations in methane concentration in the atmosphere, implying both types of activity occur in the modern environment of Mars.
A molecule of methane consists of one atom of carbon and four atoms of hydrogen. Methane can be generated by microbes and can also be generated by processes that do not require life, such as reactions between water and olivine (or pyroxene) rock. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) can induce reactions that generate methane from other organic chemicals produced by either biological or non-biological processes, such as comet dust falling on Mars. Methane generated underground in the distant or recent past might be stored within lattice-structured methane hydrates called clathrates, and released by the clathrates at a later time, so that methane being released to the atmosphere today might have formed in the past.
Winds on Mars can quickly distribute methane coming from any individual source, reducing localized concentration of methane. Methane can be removed from the atmosphere by sunlight-induced reactions (photochemistry). These reactions can oxidize the methane, through intermediary chemicals such as formaldehyde and methanol, into carbon dioxide, the predominant ingredient in Mars' atmosphere.
Learn more about the detection of methane on Mars.",
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"description": "See [NASA.gov](https://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/december/nasa-rover-finds-active-ancient-organic-chemistry-on-mars)",
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"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14808/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Largest Organics Yet Discovered on Mars",
"description": "Researchers analyzing pulverized rock onboard NASA’s Curiosity rover have found the largest organic compounds on the Red Planet to date.Complete transcript available.Universal Production Music: “Labyrinth of Discovery” by Emma Zarobyan [SOCAN]Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || Mars_Large_Organics_Thumbnail_V3_print.jpg (1024x576) [234.9 KB] || Mars_Large_Organics_Thumbnail_V3.jpg (1280x720) [810.1 KB] || Mars_Large_Organics_Thumbnail_V3.png (1280x720) [1.3 MB] || Mars_Large_Organics_Thumbnail_V3_searchweb.png (320x180) [103.3 KB] || Mars_Large_Organics_Thumbnail_V3_thm.png [7.1 KB] || Mars_Large_Organics_Thumbnail_V3_web.png (320x180) [103.3 KB] || 14808_Mars_Large_Organics_720.mp4 (1280x720) [23.4 MB] || 14808_Mars_Large_Organics_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [131.1 MB] || MarsLargeOrganicsCaptions.en_US.srt [2.1 KB] || MarsLargeOrganicsCaptions.en_US.vtt [2.0 KB] || 14808_Mars_Large_Organics_4K.mp4 (3840x2160) [1.6 GB] || 14808_Mars_Large_Organics_ProRes.mov (3840x2160) [9.7 GB] || ",
"release_date": "2025-03-24T15:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-06-06T17:51:54.022472-04:00",
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"alt_text": "Researchers analyzing pulverized rock onboard NASA’s Curiosity rover have found the largest organic compounds on the Red Planet to date.Complete transcript available.Universal Production Music: “Labyrinth of Discovery” by Emma Zarobyan [SOCAN]Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.",
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{
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"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13784/",
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"title": "Seasonal Variations in Oxygen at Gale Crater",
"description": "For the first time in the history of space exploration, scientists have measured the seasonal changes in the gases that fill the air directly above the surface of Gale Crater on Mars. As a result, they noticed something baffling: oxygen, the gas many Earth creatures use to breathe, behaves in a way that so far scientists cannot explain through any known chemical processes. || ",
"release_date": "2019-11-13T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2026-01-06T00:22:54.237201-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 380700,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013700/a013784/Curiosity_Oxygen_Cover_print.jpg",
"filename": "Curiosity_Oxygen_Cover_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "NASA's Curiosity rover has measured seasonal variations in oxygen in the air directly above Gale Crater, Mars.",
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{
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"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12967/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Ancient Organics Discovered on Mars - Broadcast Graphics",
"description": "NASA-TV graphics illustrating Curiosity's findings on Mars, broadcast on June 7, 2018 from Goddard Space Flight Center. All clips are formatted in 1280x720 or higher resolution. Learn more about this discovery. || ",
"release_date": "2018-06-07T13:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2025-06-23T00:18:05.730127-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 402771,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012900/a012967/Curiosity_Organosulfide_Graphic_print.jpg",
"filename": "Curiosity_Organosulfide_Graphic_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "MOLECULECuriosity has discovered ancient organic molecules in Gale Crater using its SAM instrument.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center",
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},
{
"id": 10274,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10274/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Need To Know: Sample Analysis at Mars Findings",
"description": "NASA scientist Danny Glavin discusses the most recent findings by the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument suite (SAM). This includes variations in methane levels in the atmosphere and the first definitive detection of organic molecules on the Red Planet.For complete transcript, click here. || G2014-104_NTK-SAMFindings_MASTER_youtube_hq_print.jpg (1024x576) [76.9 KB] || G2014-104_NTK-SAMFindings_MASTER_youtube_hq.01503_print.jpg (1024x576) [71.1 KB] || G2014-104_NTK-SAMFindings_MASTER_youtube_hq_searchweb.png (320x180) [54.5 KB] || G2014-104_NTK-SAMFindings_MASTER_youtube_hq_web.png (320x180) [54.5 KB] || G2014-104_NTK-SAMFindings_MASTER_youtube_hq_thm.png (80x40) [4.9 KB] || G2014-104_NTK-SAMFindings_MASTER_appletv.webm (960x540) [28.2 MB] || G2014-104_NTK-SAMFindings_MASTER_youtube_hq.mov (1280x720) [102.1 MB] || G2014-104_NTK-SAMFindings_MASTER_1280x720.wmv (1280x720) [113.0 MB] || G2014-104_NTK-SAMFindings_MASTER_appletv.m4v (960x540) [103.0 MB] || G2014-104_NTK-SAMFindings_MASTER_appletv_subtitles.m4v (960x540) [102.9 MB] || G2014-104_NTK_SAMFindings.en_US.srt [4.9 KB] || G2014-104_NTK-SAMFindings_MASTER_nasaportal.mov (640x360) [88.4 MB] || G2014-104_NTK-SAMFindings_MASTER_ipod_lg.m4v (640x360) [42.0 MB] || G2014-104_NTK_SAMFindings.en_US.vtt [4.9 KB] || G2014-104_NTK-SAMFindings_MASTER_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [21.0 MB] || G2014-104_NTK-SAMFindings_MASTER_prores.mov (1280x720) [3.6 GB] || ",
"release_date": "2014-12-16T13:30:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:13.065450-04:00",
"main_image": {
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"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "NASA scientist Danny Glavin discusses the most recent findings by the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument suite (SAM). This includes variations in methane levels in the atmosphere and the first definitive detection of organic molecules on the Red Planet.For complete transcript, click here.",
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{
"id": 11018,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11018/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) Overview",
"description": "This video gives a short overview of the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) suite of instruments inside the Curiosity Rover. || ",
"release_date": "2012-06-29T13:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2026-01-06T15:10:41.635249-05:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 1195417,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011000/a011018/What_is_SAM_thumbnail.jpg",
"filename": "What_is_SAM_thumbnail.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Tucked inside the Curiosity rover is a miniature chemistry lab designed to unlock the secrets of Mars. Principal Investigator Paul Mahaffy, Deputy Principal Investigator Pamela Conrad, and MSL Participating Scientist Jennifer Eigenbrode discuss their work on SAM, the Sample Analysis at Mars, and its mission to the figure out the past and present chemistry of the Red Planet.Complete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.",
"width": 1280,
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{
"id": 3574,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3574/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Methane Plume on Mars",
"description": "The first definitive detection of methane in the atmosphere of Mars indicates the planet is alive in the sense that it still has geologic activity powered by heat from its interior, according to a team of NASA and university scientists. The team used spectrometer instruments attached to several telescopes to detect plumes of methane that were emitted from specific sites during the warmer seasons - spring and summer. Though nothing conclusive can yet be determined, it is possible that the detected methane was either produced by geologic processes such as the oxidation of iron (serpentinization) or by microscopic Martian life below the planet's surface. The methane released today could be produced currently, or it could be ancient methane trapped in ice 'cages' called clathrates or as gas below a sub-surface ice layer. || ",
"release_date": "2009-01-15T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:58.179978-04:00",
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"filename": "ch4_n_final.1916.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Visualization of a methane plume found in Mars' atmosphere during the northern summer season.",
"width": 1280,
"height": 720,
"pixels": 921600
}
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{
"id": 10358,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10358/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Geochemical Creation of Methane",
"description": "Conceptual animation depicting how geochemical processes during the course of Mars' history may have produced the methane plumes now seen in Mars' atmosphere. Here, through a process called serpentinization, methane is generated as part of a reaction involving the conversion of liquid water (seen seeping into the planet's crust), iron oxide, and carbon dioxide energized by the planet's internal heat into serpentine minerals. || methane_geo_mpgLG00377_print.jpg (1024x576) [85.2 KB] || methane_geo_mpgLG_web.png (320x180) [184.0 KB] || methane_geo_mpgLG_thm.png (80x40) [16.0 KB] || methane_geo_h264fullres.webmhd.webm (960x540) [3.0 MB] || methane_geo_h264fullres.mov (1280x720) [12.3 MB] || methane_geo_prores.mov (1280x720) [535.3 MB] || methane_geo_YouTube.mov (1280x720) [5.8 MB] || methane_geo_ipodLG.m4v (640x360) [3.5 MB] || methane_geo_mpgLG.mpg (640x360) [4.7 MB] || methane_geo_ipodSM.m4v (320x180) [1.5 MB] || methane_geo_mp4SM.mp4 (320x240) [665.5 KB] || methane_geo_mpgSM.mpg (512x288) [3.1 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2009-01-15T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:58.286787-04:00",
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"filename": "methane_geo_mpgLG00377_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Conceptual animation depicting how geochemical processes during the course of Mars' history may have produced the methane plumes now seen in Mars' atmosphere. Here, through a process called serpentinization, methane is generated as part of a reaction involving the conversion of liquid water (seen seeping into the planet's crust), iron oxide, and carbon dioxide energized by the planet's internal heat into serpentine minerals.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
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},
{
"id": 10359,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10359/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Biological Creation of Methane",
"description": "Conceptual animation depicting how biological organisms (shown as oval-shaped translucent structures) living beneath the surface of Mars may have produced methane (shown as blue spheres). || methane_bio_mpgLG00327_print.jpg (1024x576) [88.5 KB] || methane_bio_mpgLG_web.png (320x180) [202.1 KB] || methane_bio_mpgLG_thm.png (80x40) [16.4 KB] || methane_bio_h264fullres.webmhd.webm (960x540) [4.5 MB] || methane_bio_h264fullres.mov (1280x720) [12.3 MB] || methane_bio_prores.mov (1280x720) [505.6 MB] || methane_bio_ipodLG.m4v (640x360) [3.7 MB] || methane_bio_mpgLG.mpg (640x360) [4.6 MB] || methane_bio_ipodSM.m4v (320x180) [1.4 MB] || methane_bio_mp4SM.mp4 (320x240) [1.1 MB] || methane_bio_mpgSM.mpg (512x288) [3.1 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2009-01-15T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:58.392147-04:00",
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"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Conceptual animation depicting how biological organisms (shown as oval-shaped translucent structures) living beneath the surface of Mars may have produced methane (shown as blue spheres).",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
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}
},
{
"id": 10360,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10360/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Mars Methane Spectroscopy",
"description": "Conceptual animation demonstrating the process of spectroscopy. The first animation demonstrates the general concept of visible-light spectroscopy by which white light is separated into its component wavelengths (colors) using a prism. The second animation demonstrates how this idea is applied to the discovery of methane in Mars' atmosphere. Because it absorbs specific wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, methane has a 'fingerprint' that can be seen as missing lines on the resulting spectograph. || Mars_Methane_Spectroscopy_mpgLG.00715_print.jpg (1024x576) [54.5 KB] || Mars_Methane_Spectroscopy_mpgLG_web.png (320x180) [60.4 KB] || Mars_Methane_Spectroscopy_mpgLG_thm.png (80x40) [6.9 KB] || Mars_Methane_Spectroscopy_h264fullres.webmhd.webm (960x540) [2.9 MB] || Mars_Methane_Spectroscopy_h264fullres.mov (1280x720) [9.7 MB] || Mars_Methane_Spectroscopy_prores.mov (1280x720) [140.3 MB] || Mars_Methane_Spectroscopy_YouTube.mov (1280x720) [6.8 MB] || Mars_Methane_Spectroscopy_ipodLG.m4v (640x360) [3.6 MB] || Mars_Methane_Spectroscopy_mpgLG.mpg (640x360) [6.2 MB] || Mars_Methane_Spectroscopy_ipodSM.m4v (320x180) [1017.7 KB] || Mars_Methane_Spectroscopy_mp4SM.mp4 (320x240) [658.4 KB] || Mars_Methane_Spectroscopy_mpgSM.mpg (512x288) [4.2 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2009-01-15T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:58.506269-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 500504,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010300/a010360/Mars_Methane_Spectroscopy_mpgLG.00715_print.jpg",
"filename": "Mars_Methane_Spectroscopy_mpgLG.00715_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Conceptual animation demonstrating the process of spectroscopy. The first animation demonstrates the general concept of visible-light spectroscopy by which white light is separated into its component wavelengths (colors) using a prism. The second animation demonstrates how this idea is applied to the discovery of methane in Mars' atmosphere. Because it absorbs specific wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, methane has a 'fingerprint' that can be seen as missing lines on the resulting spectograph.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 10362,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10362/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Radiolytic Production of Methane by Microbial Life",
"description": "Animation depicting how 'extreme microbes' on Earth produce methane. || ",
"release_date": "2009-01-15T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:58.617278-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 500516,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010300/a010362/lpratt_radiolytic_mpgLG.00527_print.jpg",
"filename": "lpratt_radiolytic_mpgLG.00527_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "In this animation, energy produced by radioactive minerals remove hydrogen from water molecules, which are then consumed by the microbes along with carbon dioxide. The microbes then emit methane as a byproduct.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 10363,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10363/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "The Mystery of Martian Methane",
"description": "Mike Mumma and his team of researchers at Goddard Space Flight Center have made the first definitive observations of methane in the atmosphere of Mars. The evidence of methane plumes only during certain seasons and the chemical processes that could lead to its possible sources both raise intriguing questions for future study.For complete transcript, click here. || methane_short_mpgLG.00377_print.jpg (1024x768) [55.1 KB] || methane_short_mpgLG_web.png (320x180) [154.8 KB] || methane_short_mpgLG_thm.png (80x40) [14.9 KB] || Methanev2_h264_appletv.webmhd.webm (960x540) [23.3 MB] || Methanev2_h264_YouTube.mov (1280x720) [40.0 MB] || Methanev2_h264_appletv.m4v (960x540) [82.2 MB] || Methanev2_h264_fullres.mov (1280x720) [85.4 MB] || Methanev2_svs_SM.mpg (512x288) [22.1 MB] || Methanev2_svs_LG.mpg (640x360) [32.9 MB] || Methanev2_h264_ipodLG.m4v (640x360) [27.9 MB] || Methanev2.mp4 (320x240) [4.7 MB] || Methanev2_h264_ipodSM.m4v (320x180) [11.3 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2009-01-15T00:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:58.729123-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 500528,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010300/a010363/methane_short_mpgLG.00377_print.jpg",
"filename": "methane_short_mpgLG.00377_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Mike Mumma and his team of researchers at Goddard Space Flight Center have made the first definitive observations of methane in the atmosphere of Mars. The evidence of methane plumes only during certain seasons and the chemical processes that could lead to its possible sources both raise intriguing questions for future study.For complete transcript, click here.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 768,
"pixels": 786432
}
}
],
"sources": [],
"products": [],
"newer_versions": [],
"older_versions": [],
"alternate_versions": []
}