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"description": "Solar wind and radiation are responsible for stripping the Martian atmosphere, according to results from NASA's MAVEN mission. By measuring light and heavy isotopes of argon in the Martian atmosphere, scientists have determined that the majority of the planet's air and water were removed to space by sputtering. In this process, ions from the Mars atmosphere get picked up by the solar wind and slammed into other atoms at the top of the atmosphere, knocking them into space. \r\r
Scientists used measurements of light and heavy argon from MAVEN and NASA's Curiosity rover to determine that sputtering has removed 65% of Mars' argon to space, along with the majority of other gases like carbon dioxide. Over billions of years, this transformed Mars from a hospitable environment into the cold, dry planet that we see today.
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"description": "Mars is losing its atmosphere. Over billions of years, the Red Planet has transformed from a potentially habitable world with lakes, rivers, and a thicker atmosphere into the cold, dry desert we see today. NASA’s MAVEN mission has been tracking this process in real time, catching Mars in the act of slowly sputtering its atmosphere into space.This phenomenon—called “atmospheric sputtering”—happens when high-energy particles from the Sun slam into Mars’s upper atmosphere, knocking atoms and molecules loose. Without a global magnetic field to protect it, Mars is especially vulnerable. MAVEN has shown that this atmospheric escape accelerates during solar storms, offering a powerful view of how the Sun shapes the evolution of planetary atmospheres.The data from MAVEN doesn’t just tell us about Mars—it helps us understand how atmospheres behave across the solar system and beyond. It’s a glimpse into what makes a planet stay habitable—or lose that potential entirely.For more information, visit https://science.nasa.gov/mission/maven/Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Dan Gallagher: Lead ProducerPaul Morris: Producer / EditorDr. Shannon Curry: Scientist / IntervieweeWillow Reed: Public AffairsNancy Jones: Public AffairsGreg Shirah: Data VisualizerCindy Starr: Data VisualizerKel Elkins: Data VisualizerWalt Feimer: AnimatorMichael Lentz: AnimatorChris Smith: AnimatorJonathan North: AnimatorBrian Monroe: AnimatorLisa Poje: Graphic DesignerAdriana Manrique Gutierrez: Graphic DesignerKim Dongjae: Graphic DesignerErnie Wright: SupportAaron E. Lepsch: Technical SupportMusic Credit:\"The Greatest Unknown\" by Samuel Sim [PRS] via Abbey Road Masters [PRS] and Universal Production MusicVideo Credits:Periodic Table Focusing On Argon With Properties by S_D_Brath via Pond5Ashes Of A Camp Fire Next To Chair by BlackBoxGuild via Pond5Wood Burning In A Camp Fire by Edb3_16 via Pond5 || ",
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"description": "During its first decade at Mars, MAVEN has helped to explain how the Red Planet evolved from warm and wet into the cold, dry world we see today. Complete transcript available.Universal Production Music: “Executive Deceit” by Samuel Karl Bohn [PRS], Chalk Music [PRS]; “Quasar” by Ross Stephen Gilmartin [PRS], Chappell Recorded Music Library Ltd [PRS]; “Modular Odyssey” and “Synthology” by Laetitia Frenod [SACEM], Koka Media [SACEM]Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || MAVEN-10th-Anniversary-Preview_print.jpg (1024x576) [160.7 KB] || MAVEN-10th-Anniversary-Preview.jpg (1280x720) [622.5 KB] || MAVEN-10th-Anniversary-Preview.png (1280x720) [1.2 MB] || MAVEN-10th-Anniversary-Preview_searchweb.png (320x180) [80.6 KB] || MAVEN-10th-Anniversary-Preview_thm.png (80x40) [6.3 KB] || 14690_MAVEN_10th_Anniversary_720.mp4 (1280x720) [92.2 MB] || 14690_MAVEN_10th_Anniversary_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [516.6 MB] || Maven10thAnniversaryCaptionsV3.en_US.srt [8.9 KB] || Maven10thAnniversaryCaptionsV3.en_US.vtt [8.5 KB] || 14690_MAVEN_10th_Anniversary_4K.mp4 (3840x2160) [6.3 GB] || 14690_MAVEN_10th_Anniversary_ProRes.mov (3840x2160) [36.5 GB] || ",
"release_date": "2024-09-23T14:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2024-10-17T12:16:30.061270-04:00",
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"title": "MAVEN Infographic: Martian Dust Storms Accelerate Water Loss",
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"release_date": "2020-11-13T12:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2024-10-15T14:52:53.320638-04:00",
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"description": "One of the challenges of terraforming Mars is to increase its atmospheric pressure, which is currently less than 1% that of Earth. The Martian polar caps, minerals, and soil could all provide sources of carbon dioxide and water to thicken the atmosphere. Unfortunately, a new study by the MAVEN science team finds that processing all sources available on Mars would only increase the pressure to about 7% that of Earth, far short of what is needed.Learn more about this finding. || ",
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"title": "Mars Evolution from Wet to Dry for Planetariums",
"description": "Mars transitions from a wet planet early in its history to the dry world that we see today. This animation has been formatted for planetarium full-dome presentations, rendered for unidirectional domes in a variety of resolutions, up to 4K. || Wet_to_Dry_Mars_Edited.jpg (2048x2048) [1.6 MB] || Wet_to_Dry_Mars_1K.mp4 (1024x1024) [76.5 MB] || 2048x2048_1x1_30p (2048x2048) [0 Item(s)] || 12266_Wet_To_Dry_Mars_Planetarium.webm (720x720) [2.9 MB] || Wet_to_Dry_Mars_2K.mp4 (2048x2048) [190.7 MB] || 4096x4096_1x1_30p (4096x4096) [0 Item(s)] || 12266_Wet_To_Dry_Mars_Planetarium.mov (4096x4096) [4.8 GB] || ",
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"title": "Mars’ Ancient Ocean",
"description": "NASA planetary scientists Geronimo Villanueva and Michael Mumma discuss their findings regarding the ancient ocean of Mars.Watch this video on the NASAexplorer YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here. || Mars_Ocean_still_print.jpg (1024x576) [113.5 KB] || Mars_Ocean_still.png (1920x1080) [3.0 MB] || Mars_Ocean_still_web.jpg (320x180) [16.0 KB] || Mars_Ocean_still_searchweb.png (320x180) [86.4 KB] || Mars_Ocean_still_thm.png (80x40) [8.2 KB] || G2015-011_MarsOcean_MASTER_appletv.webm (960x540) [30.9 MB] || G2015-011_MarsOcean_MASTER_ipod_lg.m4v (640x360) [46.0 MB] || G2015-011_MarsOcean_MASTER_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [24.8 MB] || G2015-011_MarsOcean_MASTER.en_US.srt [4.4 KB] || G2015-011_MarsOcean_MASTER.en_US.vtt [4.4 KB] || G2015-011_MarsOcean_MASTER_prores.mov (1280x720) [4.0 GB] || G2015-011_MarsOcean_MASTER_youtube_hq.mov (1280x720) [187.8 MB] || G2015-011_MarsOcean_MASTER_appletv.m4v (960x540) [116.1 MB] || G2015-011_MarsOcean_MASTER_1280x720.wmv (1280x720) [136.4 MB] || G2015-011_MarsOcean_MASTER_appletv_subtitles.m4v (960x540) [116.0 MB] || G2015-011_MarsOcean_MASTER_nasaportal.mov (640x360) [112.8 MB] || ",
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{
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"title": "Mars Transition",
"description": "Billions of years ago when the Red Planet was young, it appears to have had a thick atmosphere that was warm enough to support oceans of liquid water – a critical ingredient for life. The animation shows how the surface of Mars might have appeared during this ancient clement period, beginning with a flyover of a Martian lake. The artist's concept is based on evidence that Mars was once very different. Rapidly moving clouds suggest the passage of time, and the shift from a warm and wet to a cold and dry climate is shown as the animation progresses. The lakes dry up, while the atmosphere gradually transitions from Earthlike blue skies to the dusty pink and tan hues seen on Mars today. || ",
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{
"id": 11037,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11037/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "MAVEN: Mars Atmospheric Loss",
"description": "When you take a look at Mars, you probably wouldn't think that it looks like a nice place to live. It's dry, it's dusty, and there's practically no atmosphere. But some scientists think that Mars may have once looked like a much nicer place to live, with a thicker atmosphere, cloudy skies, and possibly even liquid water flowing over the surface. So how did Mars transform from a warm, wet world to a cold, barren desert? NASA's MAVEN spacecraft will give us a clearer idea of how Mars lost its atmosphere (and thus its water), and scientists think that several processes have had an impact.Learn more about these processes in the videos below! || ",
"release_date": "2013-11-05T11:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2024-10-15T14:52:39.258086-04:00",
"main_image": {
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"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011000/a011037/G2012-098_Mars_neutral_MASTER_youtube_hq01602_print.jpg",
"filename": "G2012-098_Mars_neutral_MASTER_youtube_hq01602_print.jpg",
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"alt_text": "NEUTRAL PROCESSES Scientists think that the collision of neutral hydrogen molecules may have helped to drive the Martian atmosphere into space over billions of years.For complete transcript, click here.",
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},
{
"id": 11310,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11310/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "MAVEN Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer",
"description": "While NASA rovers, landers, and orbiters have scrutinized the surface of Mars for decades, a key question to understanding the Red Planet's ancient habitability has hitherto gone unanswered: what happened to its atmosphere? NASA's MAVEN spacecraft will fill in this gap in the history of Mars, thanks in part to its Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer, or NGIMS instrument. By studying the interaction of neutral gases and ions with the solar wind, NGIMS will observe current atmospheric escape processes on Mars and allow scientists to extrapolate back to the ancient atmosphere. The results could tell scientists just how long Mars was warm, wet, and hospitable, refining our understanding of its early potential for life. || ",
"release_date": "2013-07-18T11:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:51:59.936843-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 463808,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011300/a011310/G2013-041_MAVEN_NGIMS_MASTER_youtube_hq02052_print.jpg",
"filename": "G2013-041_MAVEN_NGIMS_MASTER_youtube_hq02052_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "MAVEN will use its Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer to study the interaction of neutral gases and ions in the Martian atmosphere with the solar wind, helping scientists to understand how Mars has lost its atmosphere over time.Watch this video on the NASAexplorer YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here.",
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