Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/CI Lab
Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.
For complete transcript, click here.", "items": [ { "id": 276231, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439532, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012005/Swift_Tidal_Disruption_2_Still_print.jpg", "filename": "Swift_Tidal_Disruption_2_Still_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "A star approaching too close to a massive black hole is torn apart by tidal forces, as shown in this artist's rendering. Filaments containing much of the star's mass fall toward the black hole. Eventually these gaseous filaments merge into a smooth, hot disk glowing brightly in X-rays. As the disk forms, its central region heats up tremendously, which drives a flow of material, called a wind, away from the disk. 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NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory, Swift Gamma-ray Burst Explorer, and ESA/NASA’s XMM-Newton collected different pieces of this astronomical puzzle in a tidal disruption event called ASASSN-14li, which was found in an optical search by the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) in November 2014. The event occurred near a supermassive black hole estimated to weigh a few million times the mass of the sun in the center of PGC 043234, a galaxy that lies about 290 million light-years away. Astronomers hope to find more events like ASASSN-14li to test theoretical models about how black holes affect their environments.", "items": [], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 336150, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12005/#media_group_336150", "widget": "Video player", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "Same as above. 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No music or editing.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 276243, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439550, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012005/BlackHoleAnimation.1000_web.png", "filename": "BlackHoleAnimation.1000_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Same as above. No music or editing.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 276236, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439544, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012005/12005_Swift_Tidal_Disruption_2_-MPEG4_1920X1080_2997.mp4", "filename": "12005_Swift_Tidal_Disruption_2_-MPEG4_1920X1080_2997.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Same as above. No music or editing.", "width": 960, "height": 540, "pixels": 518400 } }, { "id": 276237, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439546, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012005/12005_Swift_Tidal_Disruption_2_ProRes_1920x1080_5994.mov", "filename": "12005_Swift_Tidal_Disruption_2_ProRes_1920x1080_5994.mov", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Same as above. No music or editing.", "width": 960, "height": 540, "pixels": 518400 } }, { "id": 276238, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439547, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012005/frames/1920x1080_16x9_60p/", "filename": "1920x1080_16x9_60p", "media_type": "Frames", "alt_text": "Same as above. No music or editing.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 276239, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439545, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012005/12005_Swift_Tidal_Disruption_2_H264_Best_1920x1080_5994.mov", "filename": "12005_Swift_Tidal_Disruption_2_H264_Best_1920x1080_5994.mov", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Same as above. No music or editing.", "width": 960, "height": 540, "pixels": 518400 } }, { "id": 276240, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439543, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012005/12005_Swift_Tidal_Disruption_2_H264_Good_1920x1080_2997.mov", "filename": "12005_Swift_Tidal_Disruption_2_H264_Good_1920x1080_2997.mov", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Same as above. No music or editing.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 276244, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439551, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012005/12005_Swift_Tidal_Disruption_2_-MPEG4_1920X1080_2997.webm", "filename": "12005_Swift_Tidal_Disruption_2_-MPEG4_1920X1080_2997.webm", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Same as above. No music or editing.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 336151, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12005/#media_group_336151", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "Astronomers have observed material being blown away from a black hole after it tore a star apart, using a trio of X-ray telescopes. The artist's illustration depicts material from a shredded star (reddish-orange streak) that is pulled towards the black hole. The X-ray spectrum obtained with Chandra provides information about how material starts falling toward the black hole, plus evidence for a wind carrying some of the material away from the black hole.
Credit: Spectrum: NASA/CXC/U.Michigan/J.Miller et al.; Illustration: NASA/CXC/M.Weiss", "items": [ { "id": 276247, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439554, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012005/tidal.jpg", "filename": "tidal.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Astronomers have observed material being blown away from a black hole after it tore a star apart, using a trio of X-ray telescopes. The artist's illustration depicts material from a shredded star (reddish-orange streak) that is pulled towards the black hole. The X-ray spectrum obtained with Chandra provides information about how material starts falling toward the black hole, plus evidence for a wind carrying some of the material away from the black hole.Credit: Spectrum: NASA/CXC/U.Michigan/J.Miller et al.; Illustration: NASA/CXC/M.Weiss", "width": 1224, "height": 792, "pixels": 969408 } }, { "id": 276246, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439553, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012005/tidal_lg.jpg", "filename": "tidal_lg.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Astronomers have observed material being blown away from a black hole after it tore a star apart, using a trio of X-ray telescopes. The artist's illustration depicts material from a shredded star (reddish-orange streak) that is pulled towards the black hole. The X-ray spectrum obtained with Chandra provides information about how material starts falling toward the black hole, plus evidence for a wind carrying some of the material away from the black hole.Credit: Spectrum: NASA/CXC/U.Michigan/J.Miller et al.; Illustration: NASA/CXC/M.Weiss", "width": 5100, "height": 3300, "pixels": 16830000 } }, { "id": 276245, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439552, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012005/tidal.tif", "filename": "tidal.tif", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Astronomers have observed material being blown away from a black hole after it tore a star apart, using a trio of X-ray telescopes. The artist's illustration depicts material from a shredded star (reddish-orange streak) that is pulled towards the black hole. The X-ray spectrum obtained with Chandra provides information about how material starts falling toward the black hole, plus evidence for a wind carrying some of the material away from the black hole.Credit: Spectrum: NASA/CXC/U.Michigan/J.Miller et al.; Illustration: NASA/CXC/M.Weiss", "width": 5100, "height": 3300, "pixels": 16830000 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 336152, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12005/#media_group_336152", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "3840x2160 resolution still image from animation.", "items": [ { "id": 276250, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439557, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012005/Tidal_Disruption_4k_print.jpg", "filename": "Tidal_Disruption_4k_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "3840x2160 resolution still image from animation.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 276249, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439555, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012005/Tidal_Disruption_4k.jpg", "filename": "Tidal_Disruption_4k.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "3840x2160 resolution still image from animation.", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } }, { "id": 276248, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439556, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012005/Tidal_Disruption_4k.tif", "filename": "Tidal_Disruption_4k.tif", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "3840x2160 resolution still image from animation.", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 336153, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12005/#media_group_336153", "widget": "Basic text", "title": "For More Information", "caption": "", "description": "See [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/destroyed-star-rains-onto-black-hole-winds-blow-it-back.html](http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/destroyed-star-rains-onto-black-hole-winds-blow-it-back.html)", "items": [], "extra_data": {} } ], "studio": "gms", "funding_sources": [ "NASA Astrophysics" ], "credits": [ { "role": "Animator", "people": [ { "name": "Brian Monroe", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Producer", "people": [ { "name": "Scott Wiessinger", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Writer", "people": [ { "name": "Francis Reddy", "employer": "Syneren Technologies" } ] }, { "role": "Scientist", "people": [ { "name": "Jon Miller", "employer": "University of Michigan" } ] } ], "missions": [ "Swift" ], "series": [ "Astrophysics Animations", "Narrated Movies" ], "tapes": [], "papers": [], "datasets": [], "nasa_science_categories": [ "Universe" ], "keywords": [ "Ast", "Astrophysics", "Black Hole", "HDTV", "Space", "Star", "Swift", "X-ray" ], "recommended_pages": [], "related": [ { "id": 13321, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13321/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Rare Black Hole Event Seen by Satellites and Ground-based Telescopes Live Shots", "description": "B-roll package that corresponds to the following:SUGGESTED QUESTIONSWhat is a black hole and what did NASA and its partners discover?How does a black hole destroy a star?How did NASA and other observatories work together to capture this moment?What new things did we learn from this catastrophic event?How far away is this black hole? Could our Sun be eaten by a black hole?Black holes are black right? How do scientists study something that can’t be seen?Where can we learn more?QUESTIONS FOR LONGER INTERVIEWS:How does a planet-hunting mission help us learn about black holes?How did the scientists involved first learn about the event?What is #BlackHoleWeek?QUICK LINKS TO VIDEO AND AUDIOClick for downloadable AUDIO SOUNDBITE with NASA Scientist Knicole Colon.Click for downloadable soundbites with NASA Scientist Knicole ColonClick for downloadable soundbites with NASA Scientist Brad CenkoClick for downloadable soundbites with Carnegie astronomer Tom Holoien. || b_roll_slate.png (1280x720) [336.8 KB] || Rare_Black_Hole_Event_Broll_720p.webm (1280x720) [37.1 MB] || Rare_Black_Hole_Event_Broll_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [677.9 MB] || ", "release_date": "2019-09-26T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:45:37.295914-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 392633, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013300/a013321/knicole_screen_grab_searchweb.png", "filename": "knicole_screen_grab_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Canned interview with NASA Scientist Knicole Colon. TRT 4:40", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 12499, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12499/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Swift Charts a Star's 'Death Spiral' into Black Hole", "description": "This animation illustrates how debris from a tidally disrupted star collides with itself, creating shock waves that emit ultraviolet and optical light far from the black hole. According to Swift observations of ASASSN-14li, these clumps took about a month to fall back to the black hole, where they produced changes in the X-ray emission that correlated with the earlier UV and optical changes.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterWatch this video on the NASA.gov Video YouTube channel. || TD_Shocks_Still_print.jpg (1024x576) [115.2 KB] || TD_Shocks_Still.png (3840x2160) [32.6 MB] || TD_Shocks_Still.jpg (3840x2160) [922.7 KB] || TD_Shocks_Still_searchweb.png (320x180) [59.5 KB] || TD_Shocks_Still_thm.png (80x40) [4.8 KB] || 12499_Tidal_Disruption_Shocks_at_Apocenter_FINAL_1080.mov (1920x1080) [50.7 MB] || 12499_Tidal_Disruption_Shocks_at_Apocenter_FINAL_VX-280970_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [25.7 MB] || 12499_Tidal_Disruption_Shocks_at_Apocenter_FINAL_Good_1080.m4v (1920x1080) [44.4 MB] || 12499_Tidal_Disruption_Shocks_at_Apocenter_FINAL_VX-280970_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [25.2 MB] || 12499_Tidal_Disruption_Shocks_at_Apocenter_FINAL_Compatible.m4v (960x540) [10.2 MB] || 12499_Tidal_Disruption_Shocks_at_Apocenter_FINAL_VX-280970_HD.wmv (1920x1080) [6.9 MB] || 12499_Tidal_Disruption_Shocks_at_Apocenter_FINAL_Compatible.webm (960x540) [3.8 MB] || 12499_Tidal_Disruption_Shocks_at_Apocenter_FINAL_VX-280970_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [25.2 MB] || 12499_Tidal_Disruption_SRT_Captions.en_US.srt [509 bytes] || 12499_Tidal_Disruption_SRT_Captions.en_US.vtt [522 bytes] || 12499_Tidal_Disruption_Shocks_at_Apocenter_FINAL_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [591.1 MB] || ", "release_date": "2017-03-20T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-10-06T23:41:33.941280-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 416492, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012400/a012499/TD_Shocks_Still_print.jpg", "filename": "TD_Shocks_Still_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation illustrates how debris from a tidally disrupted star collides with itself, creating shock waves that emit ultraviolet and optical light far from the black hole. According to Swift observations of ASASSN-14li, these clumps took about a month to fall back to the black hole, where they produced changes in the X-ray emission that correlated with the earlier UV and optical changes.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterWatch this video on the NASA.gov Video YouTube channel.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 20228, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20228/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "Massive Black Hole Shreds Passing Star (Animation Only)", "description": "A star approaching too close to a massive black hole is torn apart by tidal forces, as shown in this artist's rendering. Filaments containing much of the star's mass fall toward the black hole. Eventually these gaseous filaments merge into a smooth, hot disc glowing brightly in X-rays. As the disk forms, it's central region heats up tremendously, which drives a flow of material, called a wind, away from the disk.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/CI LabWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here. || BlackHoleAnimation.1675_print.jpg (1024x576) [119.5 KB] || BlackHoleAnimation.1675_searchweb.png (320x180) [88.0 KB] || BlackHoleAnimation.1675_thm.png (80x40) [5.9 KB] || 20228_Swift_Tidal_ProRes_1920x1080_5994.webm (1920x1080) [4.8 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [256.0 KB] || 20228_Swift_Tidal_ProRes_1920x1080_5994.mov (1920x1080) [1.4 GB] || 20228_Swift_Tidal_H264_1920x1080_5994.mov (1920x1080) [813.8 MB] || ", "release_date": "2016-04-06T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:48:44.322285-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 439588, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020200/a020228/BlackHoleAnimation.1675_print.jpg", "filename": "BlackHoleAnimation.1675_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "A star approaching too close to a massive black hole is torn apart by tidal forces, as shown in this artist's rendering. Filaments containing much of the star's mass fall toward the black hole. Eventually these gaseous filaments merge into a smooth, hot disc glowing brightly in X-rays. As the disk forms, it's central region heats up tremendously, which drives a flow of material, called a wind, away from the disk.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/CI LabWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 12033, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12033/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "A Star Is Torn", "description": "Scientists uncover new details about what happens when a black hole destroys a star. || c-1920.jpg (1920x1080) [746.6 KB] || c-1280.jpg (1280x720) [362.0 KB] || c-1024.jpg (1024x576) [226.8 KB] || c-1024_print.jpg (1024x576) [242.9 KB] || c-1024_searchweb.png (320x180) [108.1 KB] || c-1024_web.png (320x180) [108.1 KB] || c-1024_thm.png (80x40) [16.9 KB] || ", "release_date": "2015-10-29T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:49:10.569167-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 438254, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012033/c-1024_print.jpg", "filename": "c-1024_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Scientists uncover new details about what happens when a black hole destroys a star.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 10807, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10807/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA's Swift Satellite Spots Black Hole Devouring A Star", "description": "In late March 2011, NASA's Swift satellite alerted astronomers to intense and unusual high-energy flares from a new source in the constellation Draco. They soon realized that the source, which is now known as Swift J1644+57, was the result of a truly extraordinary event — the awakening of a distant galaxy's dormant black hole as it shredded and consumed a star. The galaxy is so far away that the radiation from the blast has traveled 3.9 billion years before reaching Earth. Most galaxies, including our own, possess a central supersized black hole weighing millions of times the sun's mass. According to the new studies, the black hole in the galaxy hosting Swift J1644+57 may be twice the mass of the four-million-solar-mass black hole lurking at the center of our own Milky Way galaxy. As a star falls toward a black hole, it is ripped apart by intense tides. The gas is corralled into a disk that swirls around the black hole and becomes rapidly heated to temperatures of millions of degrees. The innermost gas in the disk spirals toward the black hole, where rapid motion and magnetism creates dual, oppositely directed \"funnels\" through which some particles may escape. Particle jets driving matter at velocities greater than 80-90 percent the speed of light form along the black hole's spin axis. In the case of Swift J1644+57, one of these jets happened to point straight at Earth.Theoretical studies of tidally disrupted stars suggested that they would appear as flares at optical and ultraviolet energies. The brightness and energy of a black hole's jet is greatly enhanced when viewed head-on. The phenomenon, called relativistic beaming, explains why Swift J1644+57 was seen at X-ray energies and appeared so strikingly luminous. When first detected on March 28, the flares were initially assumed to signal a gamma-ray burst, one of the nearly daily short blasts of high-energy radiation often associated with the death of a massive star and the birth of a black hole in the distant universe. But as the emission continued to brighten and flare, astronomers realized that the most plausible explanation was the tidal disruption of a sun-like star seen as beamed emission. || ", "release_date": "2011-08-24T13:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:40.776982-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 484419, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010807/BlackHoleAnimation_00730.jpg", "filename": "BlackHoleAnimation_00730.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "On March 28, 2011, NASA's Swift detected intense X-ray flares thought to be caused by a black hole devouring a star. In one model, illustrated here, a sun-like star on an eccentric orbit plunges too close to its galaxy's central black hole. About half of the star's mass feeds an accretion disk around the black hole, which in turn powers a particle jet that beams radiation toward Earth. Credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center/CI Lab", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }