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Mars lacks a global magnetic field, so instead the solar wind piles up in front of Mars in a bow shock, which blocks charged particles from reaching the bulk of the atmosphere. However, in a process first observed by the MAVEN mission, some solar wind protons can slip past the bow shock by first bonding with electrons from the Mars upper atmosphere to form hydrogen atoms. Because these hydrogen atoms are electrically neutral, they can pass through the bow shock and go on to create an ultraviolet proton aurora on the dayside of Mars.Learn more about MAVEN's observation of a proton aurora at Mars. || ", "release_date": "2018-07-23T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-11-09T12:29:16.589026-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 402584, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012900/a012986/Mars_Proton_Aurora.jpg", "filename": "Mars_Proton_Aurora.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "GRAPHIC - Solar wind protons undergo a series of charge exchanges to slip past the bow shock, causing a proton aurora.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 4370, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4370/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Solar Wind Strips the Martian Atmosphere", "description": "Scientists have long suspected the solar wind of stripping the Martian upper atmosphere into space, turning Mars from a blue world to a red one. Now, NASA's MAVEN orbiter is observing this process in action, providing significant data on solar wind erosion at Mars.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || MarsAtmoLossExplainPreview.jpg (1920x1080) [993.6 KB] || APPLE_TV_4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [53.7 MB] || WEBM_4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_APR.webm (960x540) [44.7 MB] || 4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [53.7 MB] || NASA_TV_4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss.mpeg (1280x720) [369.5 MB] || 4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_APR_Output.en_US.srt [2.3 KB] || 4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_APR_Output.en_US.vtt [2.3 KB] || LARGE_MP4_4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_large.mp4 (3840x2160) [111.3 MB] || YOUTUBE_HQ_4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_youtube_hq.mov (3840x2160) [2.2 GB] || 4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_APR.mov (3840x2160) [5.9 GB] || ", "release_date": "2015-11-05T14:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-01-05T22:49:15.588166-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 439148, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004300/a004370/final_ions01.4300_print.jpg", "filename": "final_ions01.4300_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Movie without music and titles. Available for download in up to 4k resolution.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 4393, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4393/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Solar Wind and Mars Bow Shock", "description": "Simulation of the solar wind at Mars compared with MAVEN observations, showing the predicted bow shock. Available for download in up to 4k resolution. || final_shock01.2500_print.jpg (1024x576) [205.3 KB] || final_shock01.2500_searchweb.png (320x180) [100.4 KB] || final_shock01.2500_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || final_shock01_1920x1080_60fps.mp4 (1920x1080) [66.6 MB] || APPLE_TV_4393_Mars_Solar_Wind_Bow_Shock_1920x1080_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [19.0 MB] || WEBM_4393_Mars_Solar_Wind_Bow_Shock_1920x1080.webm (960x540) [15.1 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || NASA_TV_4393_Mars_Solar_Wind_Bow_Shock_1920x1080.mpeg (1280x720) [128.4 MB] || PRORES_B-ROLL_4393_Mars_Solar_Wind_Bow_Shock_1920x1080_prores.mov (1280x720) [537.1 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_60p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || 4393_Mars_Solar_Wind_Bow_Shock_1920x1080.mov (1920x1080) [1.0 GB] || final_shock01_4k_60fps.mp4 (3840x2160) [214.3 MB] || ", "release_date": "2015-11-05T14:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-01-05T22:50:59.256427-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 439188, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004300/a004393/final_shock01.2500_print.jpg", "filename": "final_shock01.2500_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Simulation of the solar wind at Mars compared with MAVEN observations, showing the predicted bow shock. Available for download in up to 4k resolution.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 11929, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11929/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Imaging Stars From Mars", "description": "A NASA spacecraft uses starlight to probe the composition of Mars’ upper atmosphere. || c-1920.jpg (1920x1080) [332.6 KB] || c-1280.jpg (1280x720) [185.3 KB] || c-1024.jpg (1024x576) [124.4 KB] || c-1024_print.jpg (1024x576) [134.3 KB] || c-1024_searchweb.png (320x180) [70.7 KB] || c-1024_web.png (320x180) [70.7 KB] || c-1024_thm.png (80x40) [13.1 KB] || ", "release_date": "2015-09-08T11:45:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:49:23.483890-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 439932, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011900/a011929/c-1024_print.jpg", "filename": "c-1024_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "A NASA spacecraft uses starlight to probe the composition of Mars’ upper atmosphere.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 4346, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4346/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "MAVEN Stellar Occultation Atmospheric Coverage", "description": "Visualization depicting NASA's MAVEN satellite in an elliptical orbit around Mars. The horizon is scanned to determine atmospheric makeup. Blue sections of the atmosphere represent regions that have been scanned, and total coverage is achieved after roughly six orbits. This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || MAVEN_StellarOccultation9_60fps.0615_print.jpg (1024x576) [118.3 KB] || MAVEN_StellarOccultation9_60fps.0615_searchweb.png (320x180) [67.9 KB] || MAVEN_StellarOccultation9_60fps.0615_thm.png (80x40) [4.1 KB] || MAVEN_StellarOccultation9_60fps (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || MAVEN_StellarOccultation_60fps_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [16.0 MB] || MAVEN_StellarOccultation_60fps_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [32.4 MB] || MAVEN_StellarOccultation_60fps_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [3.0 MB] || MavenMarsCoverage30fps.mov (1920x1080) [429.4 MB] || MavenMarsCoverage60fps.mov (1920x1080) [873.5 MB] || ", "release_date": "2015-09-02T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:49:24.319422-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 440869, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004300/a004346/MAVEN_StellarOccultation9_60fps.0615_print.jpg", "filename": "MAVEN_StellarOccultation9_60fps.0615_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Visualization depicting NASA's MAVEN satellite in an elliptical orbit around Mars. The horizon is scanned to determine atmospheric makeup. Blue sections of the atmosphere represent regions that have been scanned, and total coverage is achieved after roughly six orbits. This video is also available on our YouTube channel.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 20222, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20222/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "MAVEN Deep Dip", "description": "MAVEN Deep Dip Animation || MavenDeepDip_00000_print.jpg (1024x576) [84.1 KB] || MavenDeepDip_00000_searchweb.png (320x180) [52.3 KB] || MavenDeepDip_00000_thm.png (80x40) [4.6 KB] || MavenDeepDip.webm (1920x1080) [3.5 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || MavenDeepDip.mp4 (1920x1080) [16.2 MB] || MavenDeepDipH264.mov (1920x1080) [76.0 MB] || MavenDeepDip.mov (1920x1080) [1.6 GB] || ", "release_date": "2015-09-02T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:49:24.696815-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 440050, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020200/a020222/MavenDeepDip_00000_print.jpg", "filename": "MavenDeepDip_00000_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "MAVEN Deep Dip Animation", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 20223, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20223/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "MAVEN Stellar Occultation", "description": "NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution mission (MAVEN) is the first spacecraft specifically designed to study the upper atmosphere of Mars. MAVEN's goal is to determine how Mars lost its thick early atmosphere, and with it, its once hospitable climate.While previous Mars orbiters have peered down at the planet's surface, MAVEN is spending part of its time gazing at the stars, observing the Martian atmosphere through a series of stellar occultations. As Mars rolls beneath MAVEN, due to the spacecraft's own orbital motion, background stars rise and set behind the planet. Their light dims as it passes through the tenuous atmosphere, with specific gases absorbing specific wavelengths. MAVEN uses its Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph to break apart this light and see which wavelengths are absorbed, allowing it to determine atmospheric composition at varying altitudes. || ", "release_date": "2015-09-02T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:49:24.814630-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 446811, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020200/a020223/MAVEN_StellarOccultation_Thumbnail.png", "filename": "MAVEN_StellarOccultation_Thumbnail.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "MAVEN observes a stellar occultation with its IUVS instrument. By splitting apart the light of setting stars, MAVEN can determine the composition of the Martian atmosphere.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }