\rOzone-depleting chemicals in the atmosphere cause an ozone hole to form over Antarctica during the winter months in the Southern Hemisphere. Since the Montreal Protocol agreement in 1987, emissions have been regulated and chemical levels have been declining. However, the ozone hole has still remained bigger than 8 million square miles since the early 1990s, with exact sizes varying from year to year.
\rThe size of the ozone hole varies due to both temperature and levels of ozone-depleting chemicals in the atmosphere. In order to get a more accurate picture of the future size of the ozone hole, scientists used NASA’s AURA satellite to determine how much the levels of these chemicals in the atmosphere varied each year. With this new knowledge, scientists can confidently say that the ozone hole will be consistently smaller than 8 million square miles by the year 2040. Scientists will continue to use satellites to monitor the recovery of the ozone hole and they hope to see its full recovery before the end of the century.
\rResearch: Inorganic chlorine variability in the Antarctic vortex and implications for ozone recovery.
\rJournal: Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, December 18, 2014.
Link to paper: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014JD022295/abstract.", "items": [], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 337828, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11867/#media_group_337828", "widget": "Video player", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "
For complete transcript, click here.", "items": [ { "id": 281184, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 443498, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011800/a011867/CLV_INST_H264_print.jpg", "filename": "CLV_INST_H264_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1024, "height": 1024, "pixels": 1048576 } }, { "id": 281185, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 443499, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011800/a011867/CLV_INST_H264_searchweb.png", "filename": "CLV_INST_H264_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 281186, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 443502, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011800/a011867/CLV_INST_H264_web.png", "filename": "CLV_INST_H264_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 320, "height": 320, "pixels": 102400 } }, { "id": 281187, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 443501, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011800/a011867/CLV_INST_H264_thm.png", "filename": "CLV_INST_H264_thm.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 80, "height": 40, "pixels": 3200 } }, { "id": 281183, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 443500, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011800/a011867/CLV_INST_H264_3.mov", "filename": "CLV_INST_H264_3.mov", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 640, "height": 640, "pixels": 409600 } }, { "id": 281190, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 443503, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011800/a011867/CLV_INST_H264_3.webm", "filename": "CLV_INST_H264_3.webm", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 640, "height": 640, "pixels": 409600 } }, { "id": 281188, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 852809, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011800/a011867/Instagram3_Ozone2040.en_US.srt", "filename": "Instagram3_Ozone2040.en_US.srt", "media_type": "Captions", "alt_text": "For complete transcript, click here.", "label": "English", "language_code": "" } }, { "id": 281189, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 852810, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011800/a011867/Instagram3_Ozone2040.en_US.vtt", "filename": "Instagram3_Ozone2040.en_US.vtt", "media_type": "Captions", "alt_text": "For complete transcript, click here.", "label": "English", "language_code": "" } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 337829, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11867/#media_group_337829", "widget": "Basic text", "title": "For More Information", "caption": "", "description": "See [http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/](http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/)", "items": [], "extra_data": {} } ], "studio": "gms", "funding_sources": [ "PAO" ], "credits": [ { "role": "Producer", "people": [ { "name": "Joy Ng", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Animator", "people": [ { "name": "Walt Feimer", "employer": "HTSI" } ] }, { "role": "Scientist", "people": [ { "name": "Susan Strahan", "employer": "USRA" } ] } ], "missions": [ "Aura", "Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (EP-TOMS)", "Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III - ISS (SAGE-3)", "Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)" ], "series": [ "Narrated Movies" ], "tapes": [], "papers": [], "datasets": [], "nasa_science_categories": [ "Earth" ], "keywords": [ "Polar Stratospheric Clouds" ], "recommended_pages": [], "related": [ { "id": 11869, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11869/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA On Air: Big Ozone Holes Headed For Extinction By 2040 (5/8/2015)", "description": "LEAD: NASA scientists report that the ozone hole over Antarctica is slowly recovering.1. The ozone hole is the result of man-made chlorine and bromine chemicals reacting with thin ice clouds at 60,000 feet where temperatures are bitterly cold, less than –110 Degrees Fahrenheit.2. The ozone hole varies from twice to three times the size of the United States.3. Since the Montreal Protocol agreement in 1987, emissions have been regulated and ozone-depleting chemical levels have been slowly declining.4. With a new analysis, NASA scientists say that the ozone hole will be consistently smaller than less than twice the United States.TAG: Scientists will continue to use satellites to monitor the recovery of the ozone hole and they hope to see its full recovery before the end of the century. || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_print.jpg (1024x576) [115.0 KB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_searchweb.png (320x180) [78.1 KB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_web.png (320x180) [78.1 KB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_thm.png (80x40) [5.4 KB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_1920x1080.mov (1920x1080) [648.2 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_1280x720.mov (1280x720) [766.3 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_NBC_Today.mov (1920x1080) [241.4 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_WEA_CEN.wmv (1280x720) [17.3 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_converted.avi (1280x720) [19.0 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_baron.mp4 (1920x1080) [20.6 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_prores.mov (1920x1080) [518.5 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_960x540.m4v (960x540) [71.1 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1280x720.m4v (1280x720) [116.2 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180.m4v (1920x1080) [241.4 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_960x540.webm (960x540) [3.4 MB] || ", "release_date": "2015-05-08T10:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:49:43.999273-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 443357, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011800/a011869/WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_print.jpg", "filename": "WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "LEAD: NASA scientists report that the ozone hole over Antarctica is slowly recovering.1. The ozone hole is the result of man-made chlorine and bromine chemicals reacting with thin ice clouds at 60,000 feet where temperatures are bitterly cold, less than –110 Degrees Fahrenheit.2. The ozone hole varies from twice to three times the size of the United States.3. Since the Montreal Protocol agreement in 1987, emissions have been regulated and ozone-depleting chemical levels have been slowly declining.4. With a new analysis, NASA scientists say that the ozone hole will be consistently smaller than less than twice the United States.TAG: Scientists will continue to use satellites to monitor the recovery of the ozone hole and they hope to see its full recovery before the end of the century.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 11781, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11781/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Big Ozone Holes Headed For Extinction By 2040", "description": "The next three decades will see an end of the era of big ozone holes. In a new study, scientists from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center say that the ozone hole will be consistently smaller than 8 million square miles by the year 2040.Ozone-depleting chemicals in the atmosphere cause an ozone hole to form over Antarctica during the winter months in the Southern Hemisphere. Since the Montreal Protocol agreement in 1987, emissions have been regulated and chemical levels have been declining. However, the ozone hole has still remained bigger than 8 million square miles since the early 1990s, with exact sizes varying from year to year.The size of the ozone hole varies due to both temperature and levels of ozone-depleting chemicals in the atmosphere. In order to get a more accurate picture of the future size of the ozone hole, scientists used NASA’s AURA satellite to determine how much the levels of these chemicals in the atmosphere varied each year. With this new knowledge, scientists can confidently say that the ozone hole will be consistently smaller than 8 million square miles by the year 2040. Scientists will continue to use satellites to monitor the recovery of the ozone hole and they hope to see its full recovery before the end of the century.Research: Inorganic chlorine variability in the Antarctic vortex and implications for ozone recovery.Journal: Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, December 18, 2014.Link to paper: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014JD022295/abstract.Here is the YouTube video. || ", "release_date": "2015-05-06T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:49:44.606422-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 446220, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011700/a011781/Ozone-Depleting_Chemicals_youtube_hq_print.jpg", "filename": "Ozone-Depleting_Chemicals_youtube_hq_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This is a conceptual animation showing ozone-depleting chemicals moving from the equator to the poles. The chemicals become trapped by the winds of the polar vortex, a ring of fast-moving air that circles the South Pole.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }