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            "page_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "title": "GEOS-5 Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide Simulation for SC 2014",
            "description": "Carbon exists in many forms—e.g., carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO)—and continually cycles through Earth’s atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial ecosystems. This visualization, created using data from the 7-km GEOS-5 Nature Run model, shows average column concentrations of atmospheric CO2 (colored shades) and CO (white shades underneath) from May 15, 2005 to June 16, 2007. There is also a version that covers January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2006.CO2 variations are largely controlled by fossil fuel emissions and seasonal fluxes of carbon between the atmosphere and land biosphere. For example, dark red and pink shades represent regions where CO2 concentrations are enhanced by carbon sources, mainly from human activities. During Northern Hemisphere spring and summer months, plants absorb a substantial amount of CO2 through photosynthesis, thus removing CO2 from the atmosphere. Atmospheric CO, a pollutant harmful to human health, is produced mainly from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning. Here, high concentrations of CO (white) are mainly from fire activity in Africa, South America, and Australia. Scientists use model output data such as these to help answer important questions about Earth’s climate and to help design future satellite missions.These model simulations use fossil fuel emissions estimates provided by the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR). NASA’s Quick Fire Emissions Dataset (QFED) estimates fire emissions using MODIS fire radiative power observations. Additional, observationally constrained estimates of CO2 flux between the atmosphere and land and ocean carbon reservoirs were produced as part of NASA’s Carbon Monitoring System Flux Pilot Project (http://carbon.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/cms/inv_pgp.pl?pgid=581). Land biosphere fluxes come from the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach Global Fire Emissions Database (CASA-GFED) model which incorporates MODIS vegetation classification and AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data. Ocean fluxes are produced by the NASA Ocean Biogeochemical Model (NOBM) which incorporates MODIS chlorophyll observations. || ",
            "release_date": "2014-12-10T00:00:00-05:00",
            "update_date": "2025-01-05T00:25:18.188596-05:00",
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                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "GEOS-5 carbon, May 15, 2005 - June 16, 2007.",
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        {
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            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10236/",
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            "title": "NASA On Air: NASA Models CO2 Plumes - North America (11/25/2014)",
            "description": "LEAD: Check out this groundbreaking ultra-high-resolution computer model of carbon dioxide from NASA where one second equals one day.1. Bright colors represent our fossil fuel and natural CO2 emissions.2. Converging storm winds help heap up, and then disperse the CO2 through our chaotic atmosphere.3. The concentrations build up in the heavily populated and industrial areas of the eastern U.S.4. About one-third of CO2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels are eventually absorbed in different land areas around the world. These are critical questions and answers needed to help understand world climate change.TAG: This groundbreaking computer model will help scientists discover where and how CO2 is absorbed. || WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_1920x1080.00077_print.jpg (1024x576) [133.6 KB] || WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_1920x1080_searchweb.png (320x180) [77.2 KB] || WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_1920x1080_web.png (320x180) [77.2 KB] || WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_1920x1080_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_WEA_CEN.wmv (1280x720) [18.6 MB] || North_America_View3.avi (1280x720) [19.5 MB] || WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_baron.mp4 (1920x1080) [24.6 MB] || NA540.m4v (960x540) [14.0 MB] || NA720.m4v (1280x720) [18.6 MB] || NA1080.m4v (1920x1080) [37.1 MB] || WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_1920x1080.webm (960x540) [3.7 MB] || WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_NBC_Today.mov (1920x1080) [292.9 MB] || WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_prores.mov (1920x1080) [529.4 MB] || WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_1920x1080.mov (1920x1080) [812.4 MB] || WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_1280x720.mov (1280x720) [907.1 MB] || ",
            "release_date": "2014-11-25T12:00:00-05:00",
            "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:17.313502-04:00",
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                "filename": "WC_CO2NAmerica-1920-MASTER_1920x1080.00077_print.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "LEAD: Check out this groundbreaking ultra-high-resolution computer model of carbon dioxide from NASA where one second equals one day.1. Bright colors represent our fossil fuel and natural CO2 emissions.2. Converging storm winds help heap up, and then disperse the CO2 through our chaotic atmosphere.3. The concentrations build up in the heavily populated and industrial areas of the eastern U.S.4. About one-third of CO2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels are eventually absorbed in different land areas around the world. These are critical questions and answers needed to help understand world climate change.TAG: This groundbreaking computer model will help scientists discover where and how CO2 is absorbed.",
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        {
            "id": 10273,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10273/",
            "page_type": "Produced Video",
            "title": "NASA On Air: NASA’s Carbon Dioxide Plumes - World Map (11/21/2014)",
            "description": "LEAD: NASA scientists have a new super HD view of how the carbon dioxide in the air moves around the world with the winds.1. Using an ultra-high-resolution computer model 64 times greater than typical climate models NASA tracks CO2. Each pixel grid size is four miles wide.2. During late summer forest fires in Africa produce plumes of CO2.3. During late autumn to winter the bright reds show the three major sources of fossil fuel burning: the eastern U.S., Europe and China. The winds blow much of the CO2 towards the North Pole.TAG: Ultra-high-resolution models such as this will help scientists better project future climate. || WC_CO2-1920-MASTER_1920x1080_print.jpg (1024x576) [153.4 KB] || WC_CO2-1920-MASTER_1920x1080.00547_print.jpg (1024x576) [145.9 KB] || WC_CO2-1920-MASTER_1920x1080_searchweb.png (320x180) [94.4 KB] || WC_CO2-1920-MASTER_1920x1080_web.png (320x180) [94.4 KB] || WC_CO2-1920-MASTER_1920x1080_thm.png (80x40) [7.2 KB] || WC_CO2-1920-MASTER_WEA_CEN.wmv (1280x720) [18.4 MB] || World_View.avi (1280x720) [19.1 MB] || WC_CO2-1920-MASTER_baron.mp4 (1920x1080) [25.0 MB] || WC_CO2-1920-MASTER_1920x1080.webm (960x540) [4.4 MB] || WC_CO2-1920-MASTER_iPad_960x540.m4v (960x540) [129.6 MB] || WC_CO2-1920-MASTER_iPad_1280x720.m4v (1280x720) [204.0 MB] || WC_CO2-1920-MASTER_NBC_Today.mov (1920x1080) [376.9 MB] || WC_CO2-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180.m4v (1920x1080) [376.9 MB] || WC_CO2-1920-MASTER_prores.mov (1920x1080) [533.7 MB] || WC_CO2-1920-MASTER_1920x1080.mov (1920x1080) [876.4 MB] || WC_CO2-1920-MASTER_1280x720.mov (1280x720) [1018.5 MB] || ",
            "release_date": "2014-11-21T17:00:00-05:00",
            "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:17.588456-04:00",
            "main_image": {
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                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010200/a010273/WC_CO2-1920-MASTER_1920x1080_print.jpg",
                "filename": "WC_CO2-1920-MASTER_1920x1080_print.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "LEAD: NASA scientists have a new super HD view of how the carbon dioxide in the air moves around the world with the winds.1. Using an ultra-high-resolution computer model 64 times greater than typical climate models NASA tracks CO2. Each pixel grid size is four miles wide.2. During late summer forest fires in Africa produce plumes of CO2.3. During late autumn to winter the bright reds show the three major sources of fossil fuel burning: the eastern U.S., Europe and China. The winds blow much of the CO2 towards the North Pole.TAG: Ultra-high-resolution models such as this will help scientists better project future climate.",
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        {
            "id": 11683,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11683/",
            "page_type": "Produced Video",
            "title": "Simulating Carbon",
            "description": "Carbon dioxide is the key driver of global warming, however, despite its significance, much remains unknown about the pathways it takes from emission source to the atmosphere or carbon reservoirs such as oceans and forests. Using a NASA supercomputer model called GEOS-5, scientists created a visualization that simulates how the greenhouse gas travels through Earth’s atmosphere over the course of a year. The model run produced nearly four petabytes (million billion bytes) of data and required 75 days of dedicated computation to complete. In addition to providing a striking look at the movements of the invisible gas as it is transported by winds across the globe, the visualization illustrates differences in carbon dioxide levels in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and distinct swings in global carbon dioxide concentrations as the growth cycle of plants and trees changes with the seasons. Watch the video for a tour of the visualization. || ",
            "release_date": "2014-11-18T11:00:00-05:00",
            "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:19.237643-04:00",
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                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "A NASA supercomputer model provides a new portrait of the greenhouse gas.",
                "width": 1024,
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        {
            "id": 30017,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30017/",
            "page_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "title": "GEOS-5 Nature Run Collection",
            "description": "Through numerical experiments that simulate the dynamical and physical processes governing weather and climate variability of Earth's atmosphere, models create a dynamic portrait of our planet. This 10-kilometer global mesoscale simulation (Nature Run) using the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS-5) explores the evolution of surface temperatures as the sun heats the Earth and fuels cloud formation in the tropics and along baroclinic zones; the presence of water vapor and precipitation within these global weather patterns; the dispersion of global aerosols from dust, biomass burning, fossil fuel emissions, and volcanoes; and the winds that transport these aerosols from the surface to upper-levels.The full GEOS-5 simulation covered 2 years—from May 2005 to May 2007. It ran on 3,750 processors of the Discover supercomputer at the NASA Center for Climate Simulation, consuming 3 million processor hours and producing over 400 terabytes of data. GEOS-5 development is funded by NASA's Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program. || ",
            "release_date": "2013-03-07T00:00:00-05:00",
            "update_date": "2025-02-02T00:23:53.579676-05:00",
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                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "A zoomed in version of aerosols and fires on a rotating globe.",
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