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Lepsch", "employer": "ADNET Systems, Inc." } ] }, { "role": "Videographer", "people": [ { "name": "Rob Andreoli", "employer": "Advocates in Manpower Management, Inc." } ] } ], "missions": [], "series": [ "Narrated Movies" ], "tapes": [], "papers": [], "datasets": [], "nasa_science_categories": [ "Earth" ], "keywords": [ "Arctic", "Arctic Ice Thickness", "Arctic Jetstream", "Arctic Ocean", "Climate", "Cryology", "Cryosphere", "Earth Science", "Global Warming", "HDTV", "Location", "Oceans", "Physical oceanography", "Sea Ice", "Sea Ice Concentration", "Sea Ice Temperature", "Temperature", "Temperature Trend" ], "recommended_pages": [], "related": [ { "id": 4191, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4191/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "AMSR2 Daily Arctic Sea Ice - 2014", "description": "The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) provides many water-related products derived from data acquired by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) instrument aboard the Global Change Observation Mission 1st-Water \"SHIZUKU\" (GCOM-W1) satellite. Two JAXA datasets used in this animation are the 10-km daily sea ice concentration and the 10 km daily 89 GHz Brightness Temperature.In this animation, the daily Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change progress through time, from March 21, 2014 through the 3rd of August, 2014. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day minimum sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white colour of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running minimum of the AMSR2 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the land, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. || ", "release_date": "2014-08-15T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:39.672417-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 452908, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004100/a004191/seaIce_2014.2941_print.jpg", "filename": "seaIce_2014.2941_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "In this animation, the Earth rotates slowly as the Arctic sea ice advances over time from March 21, 2014 to August 3, 2014.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 4131, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4131/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Annual Arctic Sea Ice Minimum 1979-2013 with Area Graph", "description": "Satellite-based passive microwave images of the sea ice have provided a reliable tool for continuously monitoring changes in the Arctic ice since 1979. Every summer the Arctic ice cap melts down to what scientists call its \"minimum\" before colder weather begins to cause ice cover to increase. The ice parameters derived from satellite ice concentration data that are most relevant to climate change studies are sea ice extent and sea ice area. This graph displays the area of the minimum sea ice coverage each year from 1979 through 2013. In 2013, the Arctic minimum sea ice covered an area of 4.704 million square kilometers. This visualization shows the expanse of the annual minimum Arctic sea ice for each year from 1979 to 2013 as derived from SSMI data. A semi-transparent graph overlay shows the area in million square kilometers for each year's minimum day. The date shown in the upper right corner indicates the current year being displayed. || ", "release_date": "2014-01-24T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-01-05T22:27:38.139613-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 469011, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004100/a004131/seaIce_min_with_graph.2369.jpg", "filename": "seaIce_min_with_graph.2369.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The Earth showing the annual minimum sea ice with a graph overlay showing the annual minimum sea ice area in millions of square kilometers.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 4135, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4135/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Five-Year Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2013", "description": "NASA scientists say 2013 tied with 2009 and 2006 for the seventh warmest year since 1880, continuing a long-term trend of rising global temperatures. With the exception of 1998, the 10 warmest years in the 134-year record all have occurred since 2000, with 2010 and 2005 ranking as the warmest years on record.NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York, which analyzes global surface temperatures on an ongoing basis, released an updated report Tuesday on temperatures around the globe in 2013. The comparison shows how Earth continues to experience temperatures warmer than those measured several decades ago. The average temperature in 2013 was 58.3 degrees Fahrenheit (14.6 degrees Celsius), which is 1.1 °F (0.6 °C) warmer than the mid-20th century baseline. The average global temperature has risen about 1.4 °F (0.8 °C) since 1880, according to the new analysis. Exact rankings for individual years are sensitive to data inputs and analysis methods.\"Long-term trends in surface temperatures are unusual and 2013 adds to the evidence for ongoing climate change,\" GISS climatologist Gavin Schmidt said. \"While one year or one season can be affected by random weather events, this analysis shows the necessity for continued, long-term monitoring.\"Scientists emphasize that weather patterns always will cause fluctuations in average temperatures from year to year, but the continued increases in greenhouse gas levels in Earth's atmosphere are driving a long-term rise in global temperatures. Each successive year will not necessarily be warmer than the year before, but with the current level of greenhouse gas emissions, scientists expect each successive decade to be warmer than the previous.Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps heat and plays a major role in controlling changes to Earth's climate. It occurs naturally and also is emitted by the burning of fossil fuels for energy. Driven by increasing man-made emissions, the level of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere presently is higher than at any time in the last 800,000 years. The carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere was about 285 parts per million in 1880, the first year in the GISS temperature record. By 1960, the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, measured at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, was about 315 parts per million. This measurement peaked last year at more than 400 parts per million.While the world experienced relatively warm temperatures in 2013, the continental United States experienced the 42nd warmest year on record, according to GISS analysis. For some other countries, such as Australia, 2013 was the hottest year on record.The temperature analysis produced at GISS is compiled from weather data from more than 1,000 meteorological stations around the world, satellite observations of sea-surface temperature, and Antarctic research station measurements, taking into account station history and urban heat island effects. Software is used to calculate the difference between surface temperature in a given month and the average temperature for the same place from 1951 to 1980. This three-decade period functions as a baseline for the analysis. It has been 38 years since the recording of a year of cooler than average temperatures.The GISS temperature record is one of several global temperature analyses, along with those produced by the Met Office Hadley Centre in the United Kingdom and NOAA's National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, N.C. These three primary records use slightly different methods, but overall, their trends show close agreement.Additional commentary on the 2013 temperature anomaly is provided by Dr. James Hansen of Columbia University at: http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2014/20140121_Temperature2013.pdfThe GISTEMP analysis website is located at: http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/ || ", "release_date": "2014-01-21T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2025-02-02T22:13:21.205434-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 459440, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004100/a004135/GCM2013update_robinson_composite.0790.jpg", "filename": "GCM2013update_robinson_composite.0790.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies from 1880 through 2013. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal temperatures are shown in blue.The final frame represents global temperature anomalies averaged from 2009 through 2013. ", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 20021, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20021/", "page_type": "Animation", "title": "Ice Albedo - Global View", "description": "This is a conceptual animation showing how polar ice reflects light from the sun. As this ice begins to melt, less sunlight gets reflected into space. It is instead absorbed into the oceans and land, raising the overall temperature, and fueling further melting. || ", "release_date": "2003-12-12T12:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2024-10-10T00:17:34.453868-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 521038, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020000/a020021/iceAlglobal030000102_print.jpg", "filename": "iceAlglobal030000102_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This is the high definition version of the Ice Albedo-Global animation MPEG.", "width": 1024, "height": 586, "pixels": 600064 } } ], "sources": [ { "id": 3864, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3864/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "The Polar Jet Stream", "description": "Meandering around the planet like a rollicking roller coaster in the sky, the Northern Hemisphere's polar jet stream is a fast-moving belt of westerly winds that traverses the lower layers of the atmosphere. The jet is created by the convergence of cold air masses descending from the Arctic and rising warm air from the tropics. Deep troughs and steep ridges emerge as the denser cold air sinks and deflects warm air regions north, giving the jet stream its wavy appearance. This pattern propagates across the mid-latitudes of North America, Europe and Asia, as pockets of cold air sporadically creep down from the Arctic - creating contrasting waves and flows that accelerate eastward due to Earth's rotation. Running from June 10 to July 8 of 1988, the visualization below uses weather and climate observations from NASA's MERRA dataset to model nearly a month of the jet stream's whirling journey over North America. || ", "release_date": "2011-10-03T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2025-03-17T00:01:14.231989-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 483187, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003800/a003864/jetstream.00600.jpg", "filename": "jetstream.00600.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Polar JetThis video is also available on our YouTube channel.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } } ], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }