{ "id": 11108, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11108/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "X-ray Nova Reveals a New Black Hole in Our Galaxy", "description": "On Sept. 16, NASA's Swift satellite detected a rising tide of high-energy X-rays from a source toward the center of our Milky Way galaxy. The outburst, produced by a rare X-ray nova, announced the presence of a previously unknown stellar-mass black hole. An X-ray nova is a short-lived X-ray source that appears suddenly, reaches its emission peak in a few days and then fades out over a period of months. The outburst arises when a torrent of stored gas suddenly rushes toward one of the most compact objects known, either a neutron star or a black hole. Named Swift J1745-26 after the coordinates of its sky position, the nova is located a few degrees from the center of our galaxy toward the constellation Sagittarius. While astronomers do not know its precise distance, they think the object resides about 20,000 to 30,000 light-years away in the galaxy's inner region. The pattern of X-rays from the nova signals that the central object is a black hole.Ground-based observatories detected infrared and radio emissions, but thick clouds of obscuring dust have prevented astronomers from catching Swift J1745-26 in visible light.The black hole must be a member of a low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) system, which includes a normal, sun-like star. A stream of gas flows from the normal star and enters into a storage disk around the black hole. In most LMXBs, the gas in the disk spirals inward, heats up as it heads toward the black hole, and produces a steady stream of X-rays. But under certain conditions, stable flow within the disk depends on the rate of matter flowing into it from the companion star. At certain rates, the disk fails to maintain a steady internal flow and instead flips between two dramatically different conditions — a cooler, less ionized state where gas simply collects in the outer portion of the disk like water behind a dam, and a hotter, more ionized state that sends a tidal wave of gas surging toward the center.This phenomenon, called the thermal-viscous limit cycle, helps astronomers explain transient outbursts across a wide range of systems, from protoplanetary disks around young stars, to dwarf novae - where the central object is a white dwarf star - and even bright emission from supermassive black holes in the hearts of distant galaxies. || ", "release_date": "2012-10-05T13:29:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:52:43.179352-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 471665, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011100/a011108/BlackHole_00590.jpg", "filename": "BlackHole_00590.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Short narrated video.For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 }, "main_video": { "id": 471666, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011100/a011108/11108_Flaring_BH_H264_1280x720_30.mov", "filename": "11108_Flaring_BH_H264_1280x720_30.mov", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Short narrated video.For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 }, "main_credits": { "Visualizations by": [ { "name": "Michael Lentz", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, "progress": "Complete", "media_groups": [ { "id": 347994, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11108/#media_group_347994", "widget": "Basic text with HTML", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "On Sept. 16, NASA's Swift satellite detected a rising tide of high-energy X-rays from a source toward the center of our Milky Way galaxy. The outburst, produced by a rare X-ray nova, announced the presence of a previously unknown stellar-mass black hole.

An X-ray nova is a short-lived X-ray source that appears suddenly, reaches its emission peak in a few days and then fades out over a period of months. The outburst arises when a torrent of stored gas suddenly rushes toward one of the most compact objects known, either a neutron star or a black hole.

Named Swift J1745-26 after the coordinates of its sky position, the nova is located a few degrees from the center of our galaxy toward the constellation Sagittarius. While astronomers do not know its precise distance, they think the object resides about 20,000 to 30,000 light-years away in the galaxy's inner region. The pattern of X-rays from the nova signals that the central object is a black hole.

Ground-based observatories detected infrared and radio emissions, but thick clouds of obscuring dust have prevented astronomers from catching Swift J1745-26 in visible light.

The black hole must be a member of a low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) system, which includes a normal, sun-like star. A stream of gas flows from the normal star and enters into a storage disk around the black hole. In most LMXBs, the gas in the disk spirals inward, heats up as it heads toward the black hole, and produces a steady stream of X-rays.

But under certain conditions, stable flow within the disk depends on the rate of matter flowing into it from the companion star. At certain rates, the disk fails to maintain a steady internal flow and instead flips between two dramatically different conditions — a cooler, less ionized state where gas simply collects in the outer portion of the disk like water behind a dam, and a hotter, more ionized state that sends a tidal wave of gas surging toward the center.

This phenomenon, called the thermal-viscous limit cycle, helps astronomers explain transient outbursts across a wide range of systems, from protoplanetary disks around young stars, to dwarf novae - where the central object is a white dwarf star - and even bright emission from supermassive black holes in the hearts of distant galaxies.", "items": [], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 347995, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11108/#media_group_347995", "widget": "Video player", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "Short narrated video.

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Credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center/S. Immler and H. Krimm", "items": [ { "id": 316604, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 471693, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011100/a011108/wide_1.jpg", "filename": "wide_1.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Swift J1745-26. This image is from September 18, 2012 when the source peaked in hard X-rays. No LabelsCredit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center/S. Immler and H. Krimm", "width": 2037, "height": 1146, "pixels": 2334402 } }, { "id": 316603, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 471692, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011100/a011108/wide_1_web.jpg", "filename": "wide_1_web.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Swift J1745-26. This image is from September 18, 2012 when the source peaked in hard X-rays. No LabelsCredit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center/S. Immler and H. Krimm", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 316602, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 471691, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011100/a011108/wide_1.tif", "filename": "wide_1.tif", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Swift J1745-26. This image is from September 18, 2012 when the source peaked in hard X-rays. No LabelsCredit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center/S. Immler and H. Krimm", "width": 2037, "height": 1146, "pixels": 2334402 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 347999, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11108/#media_group_347999", "widget": "Basic text", "title": "For More Information", "caption": "", "description": "See [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/swift/bursts/new-black-hole.html](http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/swift/bursts/new-black-hole.html)", "items": [], "extra_data": {} } ], "studio": "gms", "funding_sources": [ "NASA Astrophysics" ], "credits": [ { "role": "Animator", "people": [ { "name": "Michael Lentz", "employer": "USRA" }, { "name": "Scott Wiessinger", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Video editor", "people": [ { "name": "Scott Wiessinger", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Narrator", "people": [ { "name": "Scott Wiessinger", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Producer", "people": [ { "name": "Scott Wiessinger", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Scientist", "people": [ { "name": "Stefan Immler", "employer": "UMCP" }, { "name": "Hans Krimm", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Writer", "people": [ { "name": "Francis Reddy", "employer": "Syneren Technologies" }, { "name": "Scott Wiessinger", "employer": "USRA" } ] } ], "missions": [ "Swift" ], "series": [ "Astrophysics Animations", "Astrophysics Features", "Astrophysics Stills", "Narrated Movies" ], "tapes": [ "Flaring Black Hole (Produced by: Robert Crippen)" ], "papers": [], "datasets": [ { "name": "", "common_name": "", "platform": "Swift", "sensor": null, "type": "Other", "organizations": [], "description": "", "credit": "", "url": "", "date_range": null } ], "nasa_science_categories": [ "Universe" ], "keywords": [ "Ast", "Astrophysics", "Black Hole", "Edited Feature", "HDTV", "Milky Way", "Music", "Narrated", "Space", "Star", "Swift", "X-ray" ], "recommended_pages": [], "related": [ { "id": 11110, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11110/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "X-ray Nova Flaring Black Hole animation", "description": "An X-ray nova is a short-lived X-ray source that appears suddenly, reaches its emission peak in a few days and then fades out over a period of months. The outburst arises when a torrent of stored gas suddenly rushes toward one of the most compact objects known, either a neutron star or a black hole. || ", "release_date": "2012-10-05T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:52:43.076403-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 471762, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011100/a011110/BlackHole_01170.jpg", "filename": "BlackHole_01170.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Artist's interpretation of Swift J1745-26, a newly discovered black hole with a flaring accretion disk.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }