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    "description": "On September 16, 2012, sea ice in the Arctic reached a new record low, covering less area than at any point in the three decades of satellite records. Arctic sea ice melts each spring and summer, reaching its minimum size in mid-September. During the fall and winter months the ice returns, beginning a new freeze-thaw cycle. However, as ocean and surface temperatures in the Arctic have increased in recent decades, analysis by NASA scientists has shown the area of the annual sea ice minimum is declining even faster than climate models predicted. What's worse is that this trend has shown no sign of letting up. The visualization shows satellite measurements of the Arctic sea ice minimum each year from 1979 to 2012, a period in which the area of the minimum shrunk by half. || ",
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            "description": "By the late 1980s, the minimum area had begun to tick down, but registered barely below the initial 1979 measurement.",
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            "description": "Sea ice in 2007 made a drastic single-year plunge, as the minimum area dropped 40 percent below the 1979-2000 average.",
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            "description": "See [NASA.gov](http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/2012-seaicemin.html)",
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    "related": [
        {
            "id": 3991,
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            "page_type": "Visualization",
            "title": "Sea Ice Yearly Minimum 1979-2012 (SSMI data) with Graph",
            "description": "The continued significant reduction in the area covered by the summer sea ice is a dramatic illustration of the pronounced impact increased global temperatures are having on the Arctic regions. There has also been a significant reduction in the relative amount of older, thicker ice. Satellite-based passive microwave images of the sea ice cover have provided a reliable tool for continuously monitoring changes in the Arctic ice cover since 1979. The ice parameters derived from satellite ice concentration data that are most relevant to climate change studies are sea ice extent and ice area. This visualization shows the annual September minimum sea ice area in the background and a graph of the ice area values foreground. The ice area provides the total area actually covered by sea ice which is useful for estimating the total volume and therefore mass, given the average ice thickness. For more information about these ice datasets, see The Journal of Geophysical Research VOL. 113, C02S07, doi:10.1029/2007JC004257, 2008This visualization shows the annual Arctic sea ice minimum from 1979 to 2012. A semi-transparent graph is overlaid that shows the area in million square kilometers for each year's minimum day. The '1979', '2007', and '2012' data points are highlighted on the graph.For high resolution still images of the 1979 and 2012 September sea ice minimum, see visualization #3998. || ",
            "release_date": "2012-09-19T12:00:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2025-01-05T22:16:56.904508-05:00",
            "main_image": {
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                "filename": "seaIceArea_2012_720p_graph.2338_print.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "The graph alone with transparency.",
                "width": 1280,
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                "pixels": 921600
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        },
        {
            "id": 3998,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3998/",
            "page_type": "Visualization",
            "title": "September Arctic Minimum Arctic Sea Ice 2012",
            "description": "These images show the Arctic sea ice in September 2012 when it reached the smallest extent ever recorded in more than three decades of satellite measurements, according to scientists from NASA and the National Snow and Ice Data Center(NSIDC). Scientists at the NSIDC who calculate the sea ice minimum based on a 5-day trailing average identified September 16 as the lowest day. NASA scientists who calculate area on each individual day identified September 13th, although there is little difference between the two days. The data is from the U.S. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Special Sensor Microwave/Imager. The line on the image shows the average minimum extent from the period covering 1979-2010, as measured by satellites. Every summer the Arctic ice cap melts down to what scientists call its \"minimum\" before colder weather builds the ice cover back up. This year, according to NASA scientists, the area covered 3.439 million square kilometers, down by more than 3.571 million square kilometers from the high of 7.011 million square kilometers measured in 1980. The size of this minimum remains in a long-term decline.The sea ice has a slightly different coloration in the last three groups of images below.  In the first four groups, the color of the sea ice has a pale blue tint.  In the final three groups, the sea ice is shown in white. || ",
            "release_date": "2012-09-19T12:00:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:52:47.724882-04:00",
            "main_image": {
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                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003900/a003998/Minimum_SeaIce_Area_2012_09_13.noLineOrDate.1080.jpg",
                "filename": "Minimum_SeaIce_Area_2012_09_13.noLineOrDate.1080.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "An image of the Arctic sea ice on September 13, 2012, the day that NASA scientists identified to be the minimum area in 2012. The sea ice is shown with a blue tint.  The sea ice is shown with a blue tint.",
                "width": 1920,
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        },
        {
            "id": 3893,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3893/",
            "page_type": "Visualization",
            "title": "Sea Ice Yearly Minimum 1979-2011 (SSMI data)",
            "description": "The continued significant reduction in the area covered by the summer sea ice is a dramatic illustration of the pronounced impact increased global temperatures are having on the Arctic regions. There has also been a significant reduction in the relative amount of older, thicker ice. Satellite-based passive microwave images of the sea ice cover have provided a reliable tool for continuously monitoring changes in the Arctic ice cover since 1979. The ice parameters derived from satellite ice concentration data that are most relevant to climate change studies are sea ice extent and ice area. This visualization shows the annual September minimum sea ice area in the background and a graph of the ice area values foreground. The ice area provides the total area actually covered by sea ice which is useful for estimating the total volume and therefore mass, given the average ice thickness. For more information about these ice datasets, see The Journal of Geophysical Research VOL. 113, C02S07, doi:10.1029/2007JC004257, 2008This visualization shows the annual Arctic sea ice minimum from 1979 to 2011. A graph is overlaid that shows the area in million square kilometers for each year's minimum day. The '1979','2007', and '2011' data points are highlighted on the graph. || ",
            "release_date": "2011-12-02T00:00:00-05:00",
            "update_date": "2024-06-23T22:05:17.636717-04:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 489027,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003800/a003893/SeaIceAreaWgraph.2160.jpg",
                "filename": "SeaIceAreaWgraph.2160.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "The Annual Arctic Sea Ice Minimum Area from 1979 to 2011 with the a graph overlay.",
                "width": 1280,
                "height": 720,
                "pixels": 921600
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        }
    ],
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