{ "id": 11046, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11046/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Van Gogh Sun", "description": "A crucial, and often underappreciated, facet of science lies in deciding how to turn the raw numbers of data into useful, understandable information — often through graphs and images. Such visualization techniques are needed for everything from making a map of planetary orbits based on nightly measurements of where they are in the sky to colorizing normally invisible light such as X-rays to produce \"images\" of the sun.More information, of course, requires more complex visualizations and occasionally such images are not just informative, but beautiful too.Such is the case with a new technique created by Nicholeen Viall, a solar scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. She creates images of the sun reminiscent of Van Gogh, with broad strokes of bright color splashed across a yellow background. But it's science, not art. The color of each pixel contains a wealth of information about the 12-hour history of cooling and heating at that particular spot on the sun. That heat history holds clues to the mechanisms that drive the temperature and movements of the sun's atmosphere, or corona.To look at the corona from a fresh perspective, Viall created a new kind of picture, making use of the high resolution provided by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). SDO's Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) provides images of the sun in 10 different wavelengths, each approximately corresponding to a single temperature of material. Therefore, when one looks at the wavelength of 171 angstroms, for example, one sees all the material in the sun's atmosphere that is a million degrees Kelvin. By looking at an area of the sun in different wavelengths, one can get a sense of how different swaths of material change temperature. If an area seems bright in a wavelength that shows a hotter temperature an hour before it becomes bright in a wavelength that shows a cooler temperature, one can gather information about how that region has changed over time.Viall's images show a wealth of reds, oranges, and yellow, meaning that over a 12-hour period the material appear to be cooling. Obviously there must have been heating in the process as well, since the corona isn't on a one-way temperature slide down to zero degrees. Any kind of steady heating throughout the corona would have shown up in Viall's images, so she concludes that the heating must be quick and impulsive — so fast that it doesn't show up in her images. This lends credence to those theories that say numerous nanobursts of energy help heat the corona. || ", "release_date": "2012-07-19T10:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:52:55.201130-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 474224, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011000/a011046/Van_Gogh_Sun_Still_1.jpg", "filename": "Van_Gogh_Sun_Still_1.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Narrated video.For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 }, "main_video": { "id": 474223, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011000/a011046/G2012-068_VanGogh_Sun_FINAL_appletv.m4v", "filename": "G2012-068_VanGogh_Sun_FINAL_appletv.m4v", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Narrated video.For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 960, "height": 540, "pixels": 518400 }, "main_credits": { "Visualizations by": [ { "name": "Scott Wiessinger", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, "progress": "Complete", "media_groups": [ { "id": 348621, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11046/#media_group_348621", "widget": "Basic text with HTML", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "A crucial, and often underappreciated, facet of science lies in deciding how to turn the raw numbers of data into useful, understandable information — often through graphs and images. Such visualization techniques are needed for everything from making a map of planetary orbits based on nightly measurements of where they are in the sky to colorizing normally invisible light such as X-rays to produce \"images\" of the sun.

More information, of course, requires more complex visualizations and occasionally such images are not just informative, but beautiful too.

Such is the case with a new technique created by Nicholeen Viall, a solar scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. She creates images of the sun reminiscent of Van Gogh, with broad strokes of bright color splashed across a yellow background. But it's science, not art. The color of each pixel contains a wealth of information about the 12-hour history of cooling and heating at that particular spot on the sun. That heat history holds clues to the mechanisms that drive the temperature and movements of the sun's atmosphere, or corona.

To look at the corona from a fresh perspective, Viall created a new kind of picture, making use of the high resolution provided by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). SDO's Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) provides images of the sun in 10 different wavelengths, each approximately corresponding to a single temperature of material. Therefore, when one looks at the wavelength of 171 angstroms, for example, one sees all the material in the sun's atmosphere that is a million degrees Kelvin. By looking at an area of the sun in different wavelengths, one can get a sense of how different swaths of material change temperature. If an area seems bright in a wavelength that shows a hotter temperature an hour before it becomes bright in a wavelength that shows a cooler temperature, one can gather information about how that region has changed over time.

Viall's images show a wealth of reds, oranges, and yellow, meaning that over a 12-hour period the material appear to be cooling. Obviously there must have been heating in the process as well, since the corona isn't on a one-way temperature slide down to zero degrees. Any kind of steady heating throughout the corona would have shown up in Viall's images, so she concludes that the heating must be quick and impulsive — so fast that it doesn't show up in her images. This lends credence to those theories that say numerous nanobursts of energy help heat the corona.", "items": [], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 348622, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11046/#media_group_348622", "widget": "Video player", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "Narrated video.

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To help solve this mystery, a NASA scientist recently analyzed satellite images of the sun in a way that yielded colorful strokes reminiscent of a Van Gogh painting. But this is science, not art. Each processed, color-coded image shows how material in the sun's atmosphere changed temperature over a 24-hour period. Red, yellow and orange were chosen to represent areas that cooled, while blue and green highlight areas that warmed. Watch the videos to see a gallery of these scientific works of art and learn how they were made. || ", "release_date": "2012-08-14T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:52:51.163043-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 473747, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011000/a011062/Van_Gogh_Sun_Still_1_1024x576.jpg", "filename": "Van_Gogh_Sun_Still_1_1024x576.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Making sense of complex solar questions can create beautiful results.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "sources": [ { "id": 3965, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3965/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Impressionist Sun: SDO Source Images", "description": "A set of multi-wavelength views of the Sun from SDO provided source and context imagery for the Van Gogh Sun video. This video illustrates how imagery is converted into physical parameters teaching us more about the physical processes taking place in the solar atmosphere. || ", "release_date": "2012-07-20T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:52:55.046495-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 474307, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003900/a003965/AIA094_Impressions.00001.jpg", "filename": "AIA094_Impressions.00001.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Input data for the Van Gogh Sun, 94Å.", "width": 4096, "height": 4096, "pixels": 16777216 } } ], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }