A pulsar, also called a neutron star, is the closest thing to a black hole astronomers can observe directly, crushing half a million times more mass than Earth into a sphere no larger than a city. This matter is so compressed that even a teaspoonful weighs as much as Mount Everest.
Typically, millisecond pulsars are a billion years or more old, ages commensurate with a stellar lifetime. But in the Nov. 3 issue of Science, the Fermi team reveals a bright, energetic millisecond pulsar only 25 million years old.
The object, named PSR J1823—3021A, lies within NGC 6624, a spherical assemblage of ancient stars called a globular cluster, one of about 160 similar objects that orbit our galaxy. The cluster is about 10 billion years old and lies about 27,000 light-years away toward the constellation Sagittarius.
\"With this new batch of pulsars, Fermi now has detected more than 100, which is an exciting milestone when you consider that before Fermi's launch only seven of them were known to emit gamma rays,\" said Pablo Saz Parkinson, an astrophysicist at the Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz.", "items": [], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 350720, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10858/#media_group_350720", "widget": "Video player", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "In three years, NASA's Fermi has detected more than 100 gamma-ray pulsars, but something new has appeared. Among a type of pulsar with ages typically numbering a billion years or more, Fermi has found one that appears to have been born only millions of years ago.
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This view of globular cluster NGC 6624 was imaged by the NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. The cluster is 27,000 light-years away and lies farther than the center of our galaxy in the constellation Sagittarius.
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Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "items": [ { "id": 326388, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 482501, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010858/05_Pablo_Fermi_hist.jpg", "filename": "05_Pablo_Fermi_hist.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Before the launch of Fermi in 2008, astronomers knew of only seven gamma-ray pulsars. These include the famous objects in the Crab Nebula and Vela supernova remnants, as well as Geminga (pronounced \"Geh-MING-a\") — the only gamma-ray pulsar not detected at radio wavelengths. Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "width": 1692, "height": 1173, "pixels": 1984716 } }, { "id": 326389, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 482502, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010858/05_Pablo_Fermi_hist_web.png", "filename": "05_Pablo_Fermi_hist_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Before the launch of Fermi in 2008, astronomers knew of only seven gamma-ray pulsars. These include the famous objects in the Crab Nebula and Vela supernova remnants, as well as Geminga (pronounced \"Geh-MING-a\") — the only gamma-ray pulsar not detected at radio wavelengths. Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "width": 320, "height": 221, "pixels": 70720 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 350726, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10858/#media_group_350726", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "In the region of the sky that includes the constellation Cygnus, only one gamma-ray pulsar (J1952+3252) was known. Fermi now reveals a passel of pulsars in the area. These include J2021+4026, the long-sought pulsar associated with the Gamma Cygni supernova remnant. This radio-quiet pulsar was first detected as a bright source of gamma rays by the European Space Agency's COS-B satellite roughly 30 years ago.
Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration ", "items": [ { "id": 326390, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 482503, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010858/06_Pablo_Fermi_Cygnus.jpg", "filename": "06_Pablo_Fermi_Cygnus.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "In the region of the sky that includes the constellation Cygnus, only one gamma-ray pulsar (J1952+3252) was known. Fermi now reveals a passel of pulsars in the area. These include J2021+4026, the long-sought pulsar associated with the Gamma Cygni supernova remnant. This radio-quiet pulsar was first detected as a bright source of gamma rays by the European Space Agency's COS-B satellite roughly 30 years ago. Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration ", "width": 1692, "height": 1173, "pixels": 1984716 } }, { "id": 326391, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 482504, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010858/06_Pablo_Fermi_Cygnus_web.png", "filename": "06_Pablo_Fermi_Cygnus_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "In the region of the sky that includes the constellation Cygnus, only one gamma-ray pulsar (J1952+3252) was known. Fermi now reveals a passel of pulsars in the area. These include J2021+4026, the long-sought pulsar associated with the Gamma Cygni supernova remnant. This radio-quiet pulsar was first detected as a bright source of gamma rays by the European Space Agency's COS-B satellite roughly 30 years ago. Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration ", "width": 320, "height": 221, "pixels": 70720 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 350727, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10858/#media_group_350727", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "The EGRET experiment aboard NASA's Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory, which operated in the 1990s, saw hints of gamma-ray pulsations from the millisecond pulsar PSR J0218+4232, but it was only thanks to Fermi's vastly improved sensitivity that these pulsations were confirmed. Dozens of pulsars (light blue dots) have been detected in gamma rays with the help of radio observatories that provided detailed timing of the pulses, and many of these are millisecond pulsars, now conclusively shown to be strong gamma-ray emitters. Fermi LAT has detected many gamma-ray sources that bear similarities to known gamma-ray pulsars. Radio searches of these sources, particularly those that lie far from the plane of our galaxy (bright band, center), have determined that many of these objects are, in fact, millisecond pulsars. One example is J1231-1411, which was found during a radio survey of the brightest Fermi sources not associated with any known astronomical objects.
Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "items": [ { "id": 326392, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 482505, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010858/08_Pablo_Fermi_Radio.jpg", "filename": "08_Pablo_Fermi_Radio.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The EGRET experiment aboard NASA's Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory, which operated in the 1990s, saw hints of gamma-ray pulsations from the millisecond pulsar PSR J0218+4232, but it was only thanks to Fermi's vastly improved sensitivity that these pulsations were confirmed. Dozens of pulsars (light blue dots) have been detected in gamma rays with the help of radio observatories that provided detailed timing of the pulses, and many of these are millisecond pulsars, now conclusively shown to be strong gamma-ray emitters. Fermi LAT has detected many gamma-ray sources that bear similarities to known gamma-ray pulsars. Radio searches of these sources, particularly those that lie far from the plane of our galaxy (bright band, center), have determined that many of these objects are, in fact, millisecond pulsars. One example is J1231-1411, which was found during a radio survey of the brightest Fermi sources not associated with any known astronomical objects. Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "width": 1692, "height": 1173, "pixels": 1984716 } }, { "id": 326393, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 482506, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010858/08_Pablo_Fermi_Radio_web.png", "filename": "08_Pablo_Fermi_Radio_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The EGRET experiment aboard NASA's Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory, which operated in the 1990s, saw hints of gamma-ray pulsations from the millisecond pulsar PSR J0218+4232, but it was only thanks to Fermi's vastly improved sensitivity that these pulsations were confirmed. Dozens of pulsars (light blue dots) have been detected in gamma rays with the help of radio observatories that provided detailed timing of the pulses, and many of these are millisecond pulsars, now conclusively shown to be strong gamma-ray emitters. Fermi LAT has detected many gamma-ray sources that bear similarities to known gamma-ray pulsars. Radio searches of these sources, particularly those that lie far from the plane of our galaxy (bright band, center), have determined that many of these objects are, in fact, millisecond pulsars. One example is J1231-1411, which was found during a radio survey of the brightest Fermi sources not associated with any known astronomical objects. Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "width": 320, "height": 221, "pixels": 70720 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 350728, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10858/#media_group_350728", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "Nine new Fermi pulsars (magenta) were located in LAT data thanks to new and more efficient analysis methods originally developed to search for gravitational waves. With these new finds, Fermi has detected more than 100 gamma-ray pulsars.
Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "items": [ { "id": 326394, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 482507, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010858/09_Bruce_Fermi_newpulsars.jpg", "filename": "09_Bruce_Fermi_newpulsars.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Nine new Fermi pulsars (magenta) were located in LAT data thanks to new and more efficient analysis methods originally developed to search for gravitational waves. With these new finds, Fermi has detected more than 100 gamma-ray pulsars. Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "width": 1692, "height": 1173, "pixels": 1984716 } }, { "id": 326395, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 482508, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010858/09_Bruce_Fermi_newpulsars_web.png", "filename": "09_Bruce_Fermi_newpulsars_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Nine new Fermi pulsars (magenta) were located in LAT data thanks to new and more efficient analysis methods originally developed to search for gravitational waves. With these new finds, Fermi has detected more than 100 gamma-ray pulsars. Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "width": 320, "height": 221, "pixels": 70720 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 350729, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10858/#media_group_350729", "widget": "Video player", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "This animation illustrates how analysis of Fermi data reveals new pulsars. Fermi's LAT records the precise arrival time and approximate direction of the gamma rays it detects, but to identify a pulsar requires additional information — its position in the sky, its rotation period, and the rate at which the pulsar's rotation is slowing. The pulsars are so far away that even Fermi's sensitive LAT detects very few gamma rays from these objects — as few as a single photon per 100,000 rotations. The Hannover team used new methods to carry out a so-called blind search, using computers to check many different combinations of position and rotational behavior, to see if these matched with the arrival times of the Fermi LAT photons coming from near this direction. The search used the 8,000 photons deemed most probable to come from a pulsar at the putative position, which Fermi's LAT had collected during its three years in orbit. When the photon arrival times match up with the putative pulsar position and rotation model, a regular pattern of peaks appears in the gamma-ray photon counts, as a function of the rotational position of the pulsar, and a new gamma-ray pulsar has been discovered.
Credit: AEI/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center", "items": [ { "id": 326409, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 482522, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010858/Pulsar_Detection_Still.jpg", "filename": "Pulsar_Detection_Still.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation illustrates how analysis of Fermi data reveals new pulsars. Fermi's LAT records the precise arrival time and approximate direction of the gamma rays it detects, but to identify a pulsar requires additional information — its position in the sky, its rotation period, and the rate at which the pulsar's rotation is slowing. The pulsars are so far away that even Fermi's sensitive LAT detects very few gamma rays from these objects — as few as a single photon per 100,000 rotations. The Hannover team used new methods to carry out a so-called blind search, using computers to check many different combinations of position and rotational behavior, to see if these matched with the arrival times of the Fermi LAT photons coming from near this direction. The search used the 8,000 photons deemed most probable to come from a pulsar at the putative position, which Fermi's LAT had collected during its three years in orbit. When the photon arrival times match up with the putative pulsar position and rotation model, a regular pattern of peaks appears in the gamma-ray photon counts, as a function of the rotational position of the pulsar, and a new gamma-ray pulsar has been discovered. Credit: AEI/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } }, { "id": 326407, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 482519, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010858/Pulsar_Detection_Still_web.png", "filename": "Pulsar_Detection_Still_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation illustrates how analysis of Fermi data reveals new pulsars. Fermi's LAT records the precise arrival time and approximate direction of the gamma rays it detects, but to identify a pulsar requires additional information — its position in the sky, its rotation period, and the rate at which the pulsar's rotation is slowing. The pulsars are so far away that even Fermi's sensitive LAT detects very few gamma rays from these objects — as few as a single photon per 100,000 rotations. The Hannover team used new methods to carry out a so-called blind search, using computers to check many different combinations of position and rotational behavior, to see if these matched with the arrival times of the Fermi LAT photons coming from near this direction. The search used the 8,000 photons deemed most probable to come from a pulsar at the putative position, which Fermi's LAT had collected during its three years in orbit. When the photon arrival times match up with the putative pulsar position and rotation model, a regular pattern of peaks appears in the gamma-ray photon counts, as a function of the rotational position of the pulsar, and a new gamma-ray pulsar has been discovered. 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Credit: AEI/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } }, { "id": 326397, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 482513, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010858/10858_Pulsar_Detection_SFX_H264_Best_1280x720_59.94.mov", "filename": "10858_Pulsar_Detection_SFX_H264_Best_1280x720_59.94.mov", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "This animation illustrates how analysis of Fermi data reveals new pulsars. Fermi's LAT records the precise arrival time and approximate direction of the gamma rays it detects, but to identify a pulsar requires additional information — its position in the sky, its rotation period, and the rate at which the pulsar's rotation is slowing. The pulsars are so far away that even Fermi's sensitive LAT detects very few gamma rays from these objects — as few as a single photon per 100,000 rotations. The Hannover team used new methods to carry out a so-called blind search, using computers to check many different combinations of position and rotational behavior, to see if these matched with the arrival times of the Fermi LAT photons coming from near this direction. The search used the 8,000 photons deemed most probable to come from a pulsar at the putative position, which Fermi's LAT had collected during its three years in orbit. When the photon arrival times match up with the putative pulsar position and rotation model, a regular pattern of peaks appears in the gamma-ray photon counts, as a function of the rotational position of the pulsar, and a new gamma-ray pulsar has been discovered. 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The Hannover team used new methods to carry out a so-called blind search, using computers to check many different combinations of position and rotational behavior, to see if these matched with the arrival times of the Fermi LAT photons coming from near this direction. The search used the 8,000 photons deemed most probable to come from a pulsar at the putative position, which Fermi's LAT had collected during its three years in orbit. When the photon arrival times match up with the putative pulsar position and rotation model, a regular pattern of peaks appears in the gamma-ray photon counts, as a function of the rotational position of the pulsar, and a new gamma-ray pulsar has been discovered. Credit: AEI/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } }, { "id": 326399, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 482514, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010858/10858_Pulsar_Detection_SFX_H264_1280x720_59.94_YouTube.mov", "filename": "10858_Pulsar_Detection_SFX_H264_1280x720_59.94_YouTube.mov", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "This animation illustrates how analysis of Fermi data reveals new pulsars. Fermi's LAT records the precise arrival time and approximate direction of the gamma rays it detects, but to identify a pulsar requires additional information — its position in the sky, its rotation period, and the rate at which the pulsar's rotation is slowing. The pulsars are so far away that even Fermi's sensitive LAT detects very few gamma rays from these objects — as few as a single photon per 100,000 rotations. The Hannover team used new methods to carry out a so-called blind search, using computers to check many different combinations of position and rotational behavior, to see if these matched with the arrival times of the Fermi LAT photons coming from near this direction. The search used the 8,000 photons deemed most probable to come from a pulsar at the putative position, which Fermi's LAT had collected during its three years in orbit. When the photon arrival times match up with the putative pulsar position and rotation model, a regular pattern of peaks appears in the gamma-ray photon counts, as a function of the rotational position of the pulsar, and a new gamma-ray pulsar has been discovered. 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The Hannover team used new methods to carry out a so-called blind search, using computers to check many different combinations of position and rotational behavior, to see if these matched with the arrival times of the Fermi LAT photons coming from near this direction. The search used the 8,000 photons deemed most probable to come from a pulsar at the putative position, which Fermi's LAT had collected during its three years in orbit. When the photon arrival times match up with the putative pulsar position and rotation model, a regular pattern of peaks appears in the gamma-ray photon counts, as a function of the rotational position of the pulsar, and a new gamma-ray pulsar has been discovered. 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The Hannover team used new methods to carry out a so-called blind search, using computers to check many different combinations of position and rotational behavior, to see if these matched with the arrival times of the Fermi LAT photons coming from near this direction. The search used the 8,000 photons deemed most probable to come from a pulsar at the putative position, which Fermi's LAT had collected during its three years in orbit. When the photon arrival times match up with the putative pulsar position and rotation model, a regular pattern of peaks appears in the gamma-ray photon counts, as a function of the rotational position of the pulsar, and a new gamma-ray pulsar has been discovered. 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The Hannover team used new methods to carry out a so-called blind search, using computers to check many different combinations of position and rotational behavior, to see if these matched with the arrival times of the Fermi LAT photons coming from near this direction. The search used the 8,000 photons deemed most probable to come from a pulsar at the putative position, which Fermi's LAT had collected during its three years in orbit. When the photon arrival times match up with the putative pulsar position and rotation model, a regular pattern of peaks appears in the gamma-ray photon counts, as a function of the rotational position of the pulsar, and a new gamma-ray pulsar has been discovered. Credit: AEI/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } }, { "id": 326403, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 482515, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010858/10858_Pulsar_Detection_SFX_MPEG4_1280X720_29.97.mp4", "filename": "10858_Pulsar_Detection_SFX_MPEG4_1280X720_29.97.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "This animation illustrates how analysis of Fermi data reveals new pulsars. Fermi's LAT records the precise arrival time and approximate direction of the gamma rays it detects, but to identify a pulsar requires additional information — its position in the sky, its rotation period, and the rate at which the pulsar's rotation is slowing. The pulsars are so far away that even Fermi's sensitive LAT detects very few gamma rays from these objects — as few as a single photon per 100,000 rotations. The Hannover team used new methods to carry out a so-called blind search, using computers to check many different combinations of position and rotational behavior, to see if these matched with the arrival times of the Fermi LAT photons coming from near this direction. The search used the 8,000 photons deemed most probable to come from a pulsar at the putative position, which Fermi's LAT had collected during its three years in orbit. When the photon arrival times match up with the putative pulsar position and rotation model, a regular pattern of peaks appears in the gamma-ray photon counts, as a function of the rotational position of the pulsar, and a new gamma-ray pulsar has been discovered. Credit: AEI/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } }, { "id": 326406, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 482516, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010858/Pulsar_Detection_Still.tif", "filename": "Pulsar_Detection_Still.tif", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation illustrates how analysis of Fermi data reveals new pulsars. Fermi's LAT records the precise arrival time and approximate direction of the gamma rays it detects, but to identify a pulsar requires additional information — its position in the sky, its rotation period, and the rate at which the pulsar's rotation is slowing. The pulsars are so far away that even Fermi's sensitive LAT detects very few gamma rays from these objects — as few as a single photon per 100,000 rotations. The Hannover team used new methods to carry out a so-called blind search, using computers to check many different combinations of position and rotational behavior, to see if these matched with the arrival times of the Fermi LAT photons coming from near this direction. The search used the 8,000 photons deemed most probable to come from a pulsar at the putative position, which Fermi's LAT had collected during its three years in orbit. When the photon arrival times match up with the putative pulsar position and rotation model, a regular pattern of peaks appears in the gamma-ray photon counts, as a function of the rotational position of the pulsar, and a new gamma-ray pulsar has been discovered. Credit: AEI/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } }, { "id": 326408, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 482521, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010858/10858_Pulsar_Detection_SFX_H264_960x720_29.97_Apple_TV.webmhd.webm", "filename": "10858_Pulsar_Detection_SFX_H264_960x720_29.97_Apple_TV.webmhd.webm", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "This animation illustrates how analysis of Fermi data reveals new pulsars. Fermi's LAT records the precise arrival time and approximate direction of the gamma rays it detects, but to identify a pulsar requires additional information — its position in the sky, its rotation period, and the rate at which the pulsar's rotation is slowing. The pulsars are so far away that even Fermi's sensitive LAT detects very few gamma rays from these objects — as few as a single photon per 100,000 rotations. The Hannover team used new methods to carry out a so-called blind search, using computers to check many different combinations of position and rotational behavior, to see if these matched with the arrival times of the Fermi LAT photons coming from near this direction. The search used the 8,000 photons deemed most probable to come from a pulsar at the putative position, which Fermi's LAT had collected during its three years in orbit. When the photon arrival times match up with the putative pulsar position and rotation model, a regular pattern of peaks appears in the gamma-ray photon counts, as a function of the rotational position of the pulsar, and a new gamma-ray pulsar has been discovered. Credit: AEI/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center", "width": 960, "height": 540, "pixels": 518400 } }, { "id": 326404, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 482512, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010858/10858_Pulsar_Detection_SFX_H264_640x360_29.97_iPhone.m4v", "filename": "10858_Pulsar_Detection_SFX_H264_640x360_29.97_iPhone.m4v", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "This animation illustrates how analysis of Fermi data reveals new pulsars. Fermi's LAT records the precise arrival time and approximate direction of the gamma rays it detects, but to identify a pulsar requires additional information — its position in the sky, its rotation period, and the rate at which the pulsar's rotation is slowing. The pulsars are so far away that even Fermi's sensitive LAT detects very few gamma rays from these objects — as few as a single photon per 100,000 rotations. The Hannover team used new methods to carry out a so-called blind search, using computers to check many different combinations of position and rotational behavior, to see if these matched with the arrival times of the Fermi LAT photons coming from near this direction. The search used the 8,000 photons deemed most probable to come from a pulsar at the putative position, which Fermi's LAT had collected during its three years in orbit. When the photon arrival times match up with the putative pulsar position and rotation model, a regular pattern of peaks appears in the gamma-ray photon counts, as a function of the rotational position of the pulsar, and a new gamma-ray pulsar has been discovered. Credit: AEI/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center", "width": 640, "height": 360, "pixels": 230400 } }, { "id": 326405, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 482518, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010858/10858_Pulsar_Detection_SFX_H264_320x180_29.97_iPhone.m4v", "filename": "10858_Pulsar_Detection_SFX_H264_320x180_29.97_iPhone.m4v", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "This animation illustrates how analysis of Fermi data reveals new pulsars. Fermi's LAT records the precise arrival time and approximate direction of the gamma rays it detects, but to identify a pulsar requires additional information — its position in the sky, its rotation period, and the rate at which the pulsar's rotation is slowing. The pulsars are so far away that even Fermi's sensitive LAT detects very few gamma rays from these objects — as few as a single photon per 100,000 rotations. The Hannover team used new methods to carry out a so-called blind search, using computers to check many different combinations of position and rotational behavior, to see if these matched with the arrival times of the Fermi LAT photons coming from near this direction. The search used the 8,000 photons deemed most probable to come from a pulsar at the putative position, which Fermi's LAT had collected during its three years in orbit. When the photon arrival times match up with the putative pulsar position and rotation model, a regular pattern of peaks appears in the gamma-ray photon counts, as a function of the rotational position of the pulsar, and a new gamma-ray pulsar has been discovered. Credit: AEI/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 350730, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10858/#media_group_350730", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "Pulsar candidates from the blind search were analyzed in detail using the Atlas computing cluster at the Albert Einstein Institute in Hannover, Germany. Atlas is as powerful 3,500 typical desktop computers and brings to bear about a hundred times more computing power than that used in previous blind searches.
Credit: Albert Einstein Institute", "items": [ { "id": 326410, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 482523, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010858/11_Bruce_Atlas_cluster.jpg", "filename": "11_Bruce_Atlas_cluster.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Pulsar candidates from the blind search were analyzed in detail using the Atlas computing cluster at the Albert Einstein Institute in Hannover, Germany. Atlas is as powerful 3,500 typical desktop computers and brings to bear about a hundred times more computing power than that used in previous blind searches. Credit: Albert Einstein Institute", "width": 1692, "height": 1173, "pixels": 1984716 } }, { "id": 326411, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 482524, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010858/11_Bruce_Atlas_cluster_web.png", "filename": "11_Bruce_Atlas_cluster_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Pulsar candidates from the blind search were analyzed in detail using the Atlas computing cluster at the Albert Einstein Institute in Hannover, Germany. Atlas is as powerful 3,500 typical desktop computers and brings to bear about a hundred times more computing power than that used in previous blind searches. Credit: Albert Einstein Institute", "width": 320, "height": 221, "pixels": 70720 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 350731, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10858/#media_group_350731", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "Since 2005, the Einstein@Home distributed computing project has been using downtime on the desktop computers of thousands of volunteers to search for gravitational waves and for pulsars in radio data. In July, Einstein@Home users began receiving \"work units\" of Fermi LAT to search for gamma-ray pulsars. Learn more about the project at here (http://einstein.phys.uwm.edu/).
Credit: Albert Einstein Institute", "items": [ { "id": 326412, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 482525, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010858/12_Bruce_Fermi_to_E@H.jpg", "filename": "12_Bruce_Fermi_to_E@H.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Since 2005, the Einstein@Home distributed computing project has been using downtime on the desktop computers of thousands of volunteers to search for gravitational waves and for pulsars in radio data. In July, Einstein@Home users began receiving \"work units\" of Fermi LAT to search for gamma-ray pulsars. Learn more about the project at here (http://einstein.phys.uwm.edu/). Credit: Albert Einstein Institute", "width": 1692, "height": 1173, "pixels": 1984716 } }, { "id": 326413, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 482526, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010858/12_Bruce_Fermi_to_E@H_web.png", "filename": "12_Bruce_Fermi_to_E@H_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Since 2005, the Einstein@Home distributed computing project has been using downtime on the desktop computers of thousands of volunteers to search for gravitational waves and for pulsars in radio data. In July, Einstein@Home users began receiving \"work units\" of Fermi LAT to search for gamma-ray pulsars. Learn more about the project at here (http://einstein.phys.uwm.edu/). Credit: Albert Einstein Institute", "width": 320, "height": 221, "pixels": 70720 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 350732, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10858/#media_group_350732", "widget": "Basic text", "title": "For More Information", "caption": "", "description": "See the following sources:\n\n* [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GLAST/news/briefing-20111103.html](http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GLAST/news/briefing-20111103.html)\n* [www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GLAST/news/young-pulsar.html](www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GLAST/news/young-pulsar.html)\n* [https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/pulsar5/](https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/pulsar5/)", "items": [], "extra_data": {} } ], "studio": "gms", "funding_sources": [ "NASA Astrophysics" ], "credits": [ { "role": "Animator", "people": [ { "name": "Walt Feimer", "employer": "HTSI" }, { "name": "Cruz deWilde", "employer": "Avant Gravity" }, { "name": "Dana Berry", "employer": "Skyworks Digital" }, { "name": "Scott Wiessinger", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Video editor", "people": [ { "name": "Scott Wiessinger", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Narrator", "people": [ { "name": "Scott Wiessinger", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Producer", "people": [ { "name": "Scott Wiessinger", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Project support", "people": [ { "name": "Shane Keating", "employer": "Global Science and Technology, Inc." } ] }, { "role": "Science writer", "people": [ { "name": "Francis Reddy", "employer": "University of Maryland College Park" } ] }, { "role": "Writer", "people": [ { "name": "Scott Wiessinger", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Graphics", "people": [ { "name": "Francis Reddy", "employer": "University of Maryland College Park" } ] }, { "role": "Visualizer", "people": [ { "name": "Francis Reddy", "employer": "University of Maryland College Park" } ] } ], "missions": [ "Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope" ], "series": [ "Astrophysics Animations", "Astrophysics Features", "Astrophysics Stills", "Astrophysics Visualizations", "Goddard Shorts", "Narrated Movies" ], "tapes": [ "Fermi Pulsars (Produced by: Robert Crippen)" ], "papers": [], "datasets": [ { "name": "", "common_name": "", "platform": "Fermi", "sensor": null, "type": "Other", "organizations": [], "description": "", "credit": "", "url": "", "date_range": null } ], "nasa_science_categories": [ "Universe" ], "keywords": [ "Ast", "Astrophysics", "Earth Science", "Edited Feature", "Fermi", "Gamma Ray", "HDTV", "Music", "Narrated", "Neutron Star", "Pulsar", "Satellite", "Space", "Space science", "Spectral/Engineering", "Star", "Supernova", "Universe" ], "recommended_pages": [], "related": [ { "id": 11260, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11260/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA's Swift Catches an Anti-glitch from a Neutron Star", "description": "Using observations by NASA's Swift satellite, an international team of astronomers has identified an abrupt slowdown in the rotation of a neutron star. The discovery holds important clues for understanding some of the densest matter in the universe.While astronomers have witnessed hundreds of events, called glitches, associated with sudden increases in the spin of neutron stars, the sudden spin-down caught them off guard. A neutron star is the crushed core of a massive star that ran out of fuel, collapsed under its own weight, and exploded as a supernova. It's the closest thing to a black hole that astronomers can observe directly, compressing half a million times Earth's mass into a ball roughly the size of Manhattan Island. Matter within a neutron star is so dense that a teaspoonful would weigh about a billion tons on Earth. Neutron stars possess two other important traits. They spin rapidly, ranging from a few rpm to as many as 43,000, comparable to the blades of a kitchen blender, and they boast magnetic fields a trillion times stronger than Earth's. About two dozen neutron stars occasionally produce high-energy explosions that astronomers say require magnetic fields thousands of times stronger than expected. These exceptional objects, called magnetars, are routinely monitored by a McGill team led by Kaspi using Swift's X-Ray Telescope.Read the rest of the story here. || ", "release_date": "2013-05-29T13:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:52:07.787460-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 465955, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011200/a011260/Magnetar_Still_FINAL_1080.jpg", "filename": "Magnetar_Still_FINAL_1080.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "An artist's rendering of an outburst on an ultra-magnetic neutron star, also called a magnetar.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 10861, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10861/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Fermi Pulsar Interactive Videos", "description": "These videos originally accompanied a Fermi Pulsar Interactive. That interactive is now available here. || ", "release_date": "2011-11-03T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:30.085282-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 482268, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010861/What_Is_Fermi_H264_Good_1280x720_29.97.00327_print.jpg", "filename": "What_Is_Fermi_H264_Good_1280x720_29.97.00327_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "What is Fermi. Narrated short video.Watch this video on the NASAexplorer YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 10361, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10361/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Pulsars Emit Gamma-rays from Equator", "description": "A pulsar is a rapidly spinning and highly magnetized neutron star, the crushed core left behind when a massive sun explodes. Most were found through their pulses at radio wavelengths, which are thought to be caused by narrow, lighthouse-like beams emanating from the star's magnetic poles. When it comes to gamma-rays, pulsars are no longer lighthouses. A new class of gamma-ray-only pulsars shows that the gamma rays must form in a broader region than the lighthouse-like radio beam. Astronomers now believe the pulsed gamma rays arise far above the neutron star. || ", "release_date": "2009-01-09T10:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:59.396255-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 500452, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010300/a010361/pulsar_640x360.00284_print.jpg", "filename": "pulsar_640x360.00284_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The pulsar's radio beams (green) never intersect Earth, but its pulsed gamma rays (magenta) do.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }