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    "title": "India's Disappearing Water",
    "description": "During the past decade, groundwater beneath the northern Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan has decreased by more than 88 million acre-feet. That's nearly eight times the amount held in Lake Mead, the largest reservoir in the United States. Now at risk of experiencing severe shortages of this vital resource are the 120 million inhabitants of those regions. Using NASA's twin GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellites, scientists measured tiny shifts in the Earth's gravitational field to determine the rate of groundwater change in India. Areas in red had slightly less mass due to a net loss of groundwater and therefore exhibited a weaker gravitational pull on the orbiting satellites. Areas in blue had greater mass and a stronger gravitational pull due to a net gain. Watch the data visualization in the first video below to see how India's groundwater supply declined over the six-year period between 2002 and 2008. || ",
    "release_date": "2011-05-02T12:00:00-04:00",
    "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:49.080069-04:00",
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        "Scientific consulting by": [
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                "name": "Matthew Rodell",
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            "description": "A microwave link measures the distance between the two GRACE satellites to within one four-thousandth of an inch.",
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            "title": "For More Information",
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            "description": "See [NASA.gov](http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/india_water.html)",
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    "related": [
        {
            "id": 10512,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10512/",
            "page_type": "Produced Video",
            "title": "Science for a Hungry World: Growing Water Problems",
            "description": "One of the biggest changes to global agriculture is less about the food itself as it is about the water we use to grow it. In some areas, farmers are using freshwater resources - including groundwater - at an alarming rate. The GRACE satellites enable scientists to discover changes to underground aquifers by monitoring changes in the Earth's gravity. In northern India, farmers rely heavily on irrigation to grow crops, and the resulting massive aquifer depletion creates an uncertain future for the region. For complete transcript, click here. || Agriculture_Episode_5_Water_512x288.05177_print.jpg (1024x576) [180.7 KB] || Agriculture_Episode_5_Water_512x288_web.png (320x180) [321.0 KB] || Agriculture_Episode_5_Water_512x288_thm.png (80x40) [18.0 KB] || Agriculture_Episode_5_Water_960x540_AppleTV.webmhd.webm (960x540) [72.9 MB] || Agriculture_Episode_5_Water_1280x720_Youtube.mov (1280x720) [76.1 MB] || Agriculture_Episode_5_Water_960x540_AppleTV.m4v (960x540) [176.9 MB] || Agriculture_Episode_5_Water_1280x720_H264.mov (1280x720) [135.9 MB] || Agriculture_Episode_5_Water_640x480_ipod.m4v (640x360) [52.9 MB] || Agriculture_Episode_5_Water_512x288.mpg (512x288) [159.1 MB] || Agriculture_Episode_5_Water_320x240.mp4 (320x180) [23.2 MB] || bigmovie-science_for_a_hungry_world_5-water_problems.hwshow || ",
            "release_date": "2009-10-27T00:00:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2025-01-06T01:14:35.312227-05:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 495465,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010500/a010512/Agriculture_Episode_5_Water_512x288.05177_print.jpg",
                "filename": "Agriculture_Episode_5_Water_512x288.05177_print.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "One of the biggest changes to global agriculture is less about the food itself as it is about the water we use to grow it. In some areas, farmers are using freshwater resources - including groundwater - at an alarming rate. The GRACE satellites enable scientists to discover changes to underground aquifers by monitoring changes in the Earth's gravity. In northern India, farmers rely heavily on irrigation to grow crops, and the resulting massive aquifer depletion creates an uncertain future for the region. For complete transcript, click here.",
                "width": 1024,
                "height": 576,
                "pixels": 589824
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 10480,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10480/",
            "page_type": "Produced Video",
            "title": "GRACE Beauty Pass Animations",
            "description": "GRACE, Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment - twin satellites launched in March 2002, are making detailed measurements of Earth's gravity field which will lead to discoveries about gravity and Earth's natural systems. These discoveries could have far-reaching benefits to society and the world's population. || ",
            "release_date": "2009-08-14T00:00:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:54:40.366533-04:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 496721,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010400/a010480/10480_GRACE_Beauty_Pass_1_H264_720p.00077_print.jpg",
                "filename": "10480_GRACE_Beauty_Pass_1_H264_720p.00077_print.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "The primary goal of the GRACE mission is to accurately map variations in the Earth's gravity field over its 5-year lifetime. ",
                "width": 1024,
                "height": 576,
                "pixels": 589824
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 3623,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3623/",
            "page_type": "Visualization",
            "title": "Groundwater Depletion in India Revealed by GRACE",
            "description": "Scientists using data from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) have found that the groundwater beneath Northern India has been receding by as much as one foot per year over the past decade. After examining many environmental and climate factors, the team of hydrologists led by Matt Rodell of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. concluded that the loss is almost entirely due to human consumption.Groundwater comes from the natural percolation of precipitation and other surface waters down through Earth's soil and rock, accumulating in aquifers - cavities and layers of porous rock, gravel, sand, or clay. In some subterranean reservoirs, the water may be thousands to millions of years old; in others, water levels decline and rise again naturally each year. Groundwater levels do not respond to changes in weather as rapidly as lakes, streams, and rivers do. So when groundwater is pumped for irrigation or other uses, recharge to the original levels can take months or years. More than 109 cubic km (26 cubic miles) of groundwater disappeared from the region's aquifers between 2002 and 2008 — double the capacity of India's largest surface water reservoir, the Upper Wainganga, and triple that of Lake Mead, the largest manmade reservoir in the U.S. The animation shown here depicts the change in groundwater levels as measured each November between 2002 to 2008. || ",
            "release_date": "2009-08-12T00:00:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2024-10-09T15:45:12.759437-04:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 496796,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003600/a003623/grace_smooth_idl33.0350.jpg",
                "filename": "grace_smooth_idl33.0350.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "Groundwater depletion, without color bar",
                "width": 1280,
                "height": 720,
                "pixels": 921600
            }
        }
    ],
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