Hubble’s Brand New Image of Eta Carinae

Master VersionHorizontal version. This is for use on any YouTube or non-YouTube platform where you want to display the video horizontally. Vertical VersionThis vertical version of the episode is for IGTV or Snapchat. The IGTV episode can be pulled into Instagram Stories and the regular Instagram feed. The Hubble Space Telescope has transformed our understanding of the universe, its view from orbit unleashing a flood of cosmic discoveries that have changed astronomy forever. From its discovery of dark energy to its quest to determine the age of the universe, Hubble has helped answer some of the most compelling astronomical questions of our time and revealed even stranger phenomena, opening our eyes to the grandeur and mystery of space.For more information, visit https://nasa.gov/hubble.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterPaul R. Morris (USRA): Lead ProducerTracy Vogel: Lead WriterMusic Credits: "Above the Stars" by Magnum Opus [ ASCAP ] Universal Production Music Related pages

Master VersionHorizontal version. This is for use on any YouTube or non-YouTube platform where you want to display the video horizontally. Vertical VersionThis vertical version of the episode is for IGTV or Snapchat. The IGTV episode can be pulled into Instagram Stories and the regular Instagram feed. The universe would be a pretty boring place without stars. Without them, the universe would remain a diffuse plasma of mostly hydrogen and helium from the big bang. To better understand stellar evolution, a new Hubble initiative has been launched called ULLYSES (UV Legacy Library of Young Stars as Essential Standards). This is the largest observing program ever undertaken by NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope, which will be used to look at over 300 stars. Ultraviolet (UV) light from the target stars will be used to produce a library of the spectral fingerprints of young, low-mass stars from eight star-forming regions in the Milky Way, as well as fully mature high-mass stars in several nearby dwarf galaxies including the Magellanic Clouds.For more information, visit https://nasa.gov/hubble.Music Credits:"Red Giant" by Christian Tschuggnall [AKM] and Michael Edwards [APRA] via Atmosphere Music Ltd [PRS] and Universal Production Music Related pages

Master VersionHorizontal version. This is for use on any YouTube or non-YouTube platform where you want to display the video horizontally. Box VersionThis is a square 1:1 version of the video designed for Facebook or any other platform where you want to display a full-length square version of the video. Vertical VersionThis vertical version of the episode is for IGTV or Snapchat. The IGTV episode can be pulled into Instagram Stories and the regular Instagram feed. On April 24, 2020, the Hubble Space Telescope celebrated its 30th year in orbit by premiering a never-before-seen view of two stunning nebulas named NGC 2020 and NGC 2014. Even after all these years, Hubble continues to uncover the mysteries of the universe. These are a few science achievements from Hubble’s latest year in orbit.For more information about the Hubble Space Telescope and its images, visit https://nasa.gov/hubble.Music Credits:“Twist of Fate” by Axel Tenner [GEMA], Michael Schluecker [GEMA], and Raphael Schalz [GEMA]. Berlin Production Music and Universal Production Music. Related pages

Master VersionHorizontal version. This is for use on any YouTube or non-YouTube platform where you want to display the video horizontally. Square VersionThis is a square 1:1 version of the video designed for Facebook or any other platform where you want to display a full-length square version of the video. Vertical VersionThis vertical version of the episode is for IGTV or Snapchat. The IGTV episode can be pulled into Instagram Stories and the regular Instagram feed. Hubble welcomes the Year of the Rat with a view of its own favorite rodents, NGC 4676A and B, and highlights the planetary origins of the Chinese zodiac’s 12-year timetable. For more information, visit https://nasa.gov/hubble.Music Credits:“Milky Way Travel” by July Tourret [SACEM]. Koka Media [SACEM], and Universal Production Music. Related pages

Master versionHorizontal version. This is for use on any YouTube or non-YouTube platform where you want to display the video horizontally. Square versionThis is a square 1:1 version of the video designed for Facebook or any other platform where you want to display a full-length square version of the video. Vertical versionThis vertical version of the episode is for IGTV or Snapchat. The IGTV episode can be pulled into Instagram Stories and the regular Instagram feed. On May 11, 2009, the brave crew of Space Shuttle Atlantis lifted off to make NASA's Hubble Space Telescope more powerful than ever before. Hubble's Servicing Mission 4 (SM4) was the most ambitious and complicated to date. Changing out two major science instruments and repairing two others while in space helped to make this mission truly memorable. Thanks to the astronauts of SM4, the Hubble Space Telescope is at the apex of its power and capabilities. To celebrate SM4’s 10 year anniversary, this video gives a quick and in-depth review on the accomplishments of this historic mission. The tools and the knowledge gleaned from SM4 are used today by astronauts on the International Space Station, and will be critical to NASA's future crewed missions to the Moon and Mars. For more information, visit https://nasa.gov/hubble. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Paul Morris.Music credits: "Aerial" by Oliver Worth [PRS]; Killer Tracks Production Music For More InformationSee [https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/servicing/index.html](https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/servicing/index.html) Related pages

Zoom into Eta Carinae, where the outflows of two massive stars collide and shoot accelerated particles cosmic rays into space.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center Music: "Expectant Aspect" from Killer Tracks.YouTube LinkComplete transcript available. Eta Carinae shines in X-rays in this image from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. The colors indicate different energies. Red spans 300 to 1,000 electron volts (eV), green ranges from 1,000 to 3,000 eV and blue covers 3,000 to 10,000 eV. For comparison, the energy of visible light is about 2 to 3 eV. NuSTAR observations (green contours) reveal a source of X-rays with energies some three times higher than Chandra detects. X-rays seen from the central point source arise from the binary’s stellar wind collision. The NuSTAR detection shows that shock waves in the wind collision zone accelerate charged particles like electrons and protons to near the speed of light. Some of these may reach Earth, where they will be detected as cosmic ray particles. X-rays scattered by debris ejected in Eta Carinae's famous 1840 eruption may produce the broader red emission.Credit: NASA/CXC and NASA/JPL-Caltech A new study using data from NASA’s NuSTAR space telescope suggests that the most luminous and massive stellar system within 10,000 light-years, Eta Carinae, is accelerating particles to high energies -- some of which may reach Earth as cosmic rays. Cosmic rays with energies greater than 1 billion electron volts (eV) come to us from beyond our solar system. But because these particles -- electrons, protons and atomic nuclei -- all carry an electrical charge, they veer off course whenever they encounter magnetic fields. This scrambles their paths and masks their origins.Eta Carinae, located about 7,500 light-years away in the southern constellation of Carina, contains a pair of massive stars whose eccentric orbits bring them unusually close every 5.5 years. The stars contain 90 and 30 times the mass of our Sun.Both stars drive powerful outflows called stellar winds, which emit low-energy X-rays where they collide. NASA’s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope observes gamma rays -- light packing far more energy than X-rays -- from a source in the direction of Eta Carinae. But Fermi’s vision isn’t as sharp as X-ray telescopes, so astronomers couldn’t confirm the connection. To bridge this gap, astronomers turned to NASA's NuSTAR observatory. Launched in 2012, NuSTAR can focus X-rays of much greater energy than any previous telescope. The team examined NuSTAR observations acquired between March 2014 and June 2016, along with lower-energy X-ray observations from the European Space Agency’s XMM-Newton satellite over the same period. NuSTAR detects a source emitting X-rays above 30,000 eV, some three times higher than can be explained by shock waves in the colliding winds. For comparison, the energy of visible light ranges from about 2 to 3 eV.The researchers say both the X-ray emission seen by NuSTAR and the gamma-ray emission seen by Fermi is best explained by electrons accelerated in shock waves where the winds collide. The X-rays detected by NuSTAR and the gamma rays detected by Fermi arise from starlight given a huge energy boost by interactions with these electrons.Some of the superfast electrons, as well as other accelerated particles, must escape the system and perhaps some eventually wander to Earth, where they may be detected as cosmic rays. Related pages

NASA observatories take an unprecedented look into two stars with a violent past. Explore Eta Carinae from the inside out with the help of supercomputer simulations and data from NASA missions in this video. Orbit diagram of Eta Carinae. At closest approach, the stars are 140 million miles apart, or about the average distance between Mars and the sun. Supercomputer simulations reveal the complexity of the stellar wind interaction of Eta Carinae's two stars. Eta Carinae's eruption in the 1840s created the Homunculus Nebula (above), an expanding cloud of gas and dust that's now about a light-year long. For More InformationSee [NASA.gov](http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/nasa-observatories-take-an-unprecedented-look-into-superstar-eta-carinae) Related pages

Astronomers use a 3-D printer to model a cosmic eruption. NASA Goddard astrophysicists discuss how they made a miniature 3-D replica of the nebula and what they learned from the model in this video. The Homunculus Nebula (above) is a shell of gas and dust that formed due to a stellar outburst in the mid-1800s. Astronomers imaged the nebula in multiple wavelengths along 92 separate swaths (blue), producing the most complete spectral map to date. Imaging data was processed using 3-D modeling software to create this rendering that shows never-before-seen details of the nebula's shape. The European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope (above) collected data used to establish the shape of the nebula. For More InformationSee [NASA.gov](http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/astronomers-bring-the-third-dimension-to-a-doomed-stars-outburst/#.VA3ety-aMpM) Related pages