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This animation shows varied concentrations of ClO near the Antarctic pole. ClO can react with an oxygen atom to release free chlorine radical. The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. Measuring concentration of chlorine monoxide and other chemicals. Chlorine monoxide (CIO) is formed by the photolysis of CFCs in the stratosphere and the subsequent destruction of an ozone molecule, these radicals can act as a catalyst in the destruction of ozone while not being destroyed themselves. Chlorine Monoxide, August 13, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, August 14, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, August 15, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, August 16, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, August 17, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, August 20, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, August 21, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, August 22, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, August 23, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, August 25, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, August 26, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, August 27, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, August 28, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, August 29, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, August 30, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, August 31, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, September 2, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, September 3, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, September 4, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, September 5, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, September 6, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, September 10, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, September 12, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, September 14, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, September 16, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, September 17, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, September 18, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, September 19, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, September 20, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, September 21, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, September 22, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, September 24, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, September 25, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, September 26, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, September 27, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, September 28, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, September 29, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, October 1, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, October 3, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, October 4, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, October 5, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, October 6, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, October 7, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, October 9, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, October 10, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, October 11, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, October 12, 2004 Chlorine Monoxide, October 14, 2004 The chlorine monoxide color scale

This animation shows varied concentrations of HCl near the Antarctic pole. In the stratosphere, Hydrogen Chloride (HCl), acts as a reservoir species temporarily removing chlorine radicals from a catalytic ozone destruction cycle. The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. Hydrogen Chloride, is a covalent bonded nonflammable gas and ionizes almost completely when dissolved in water. When dissolved in water, hydrogen chloride forms a strong acid, hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric Acid, August 13, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, August 14, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, August 15, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, August 16, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, August 17, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, August 20, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, August 21, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, August 22, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, August 23, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, August 25, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, August 26, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, August 27, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, August 28, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, August 29, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, August 30, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, August 31, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, September 2, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, September 3, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, September 4, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, September 5, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, September 6, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, September 10, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, September 12, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, September 14, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, September 16, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, September 17, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, September 18, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, September 19, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, September 20, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, September 21, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, September 22, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, September 24, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, September 25, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, September 26, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, September 27, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, September 28, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, September 29, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, October 1, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, October 3, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, October 4, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, October 5, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, October 6, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, October 7, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, October 9, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, October 10, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, October 11, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, October 12, 2004 Hydrochloric Acid, October 14, 2004 The hydrochloric acid color scale

This animation shows varied concentrations of nitric acid near the Antarctic pole. Nitric acid has a relatively low concentration in the atmosphere but provides an important role in the production of sulfuric acid. The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. Nitric Acid is a corrosive, non-volatile, and inorganic acid. In the atmosphere it is formed by the conversion of nitrogen monoxide into nitrogen dioxide, and ultimately into nitric acid. Nitric Acid, August 13, 2004 Nitric Acid, August 14, 2004 Nitric Acid, August 15, 2004 Nitric Acid, August 16, 2004 Nitric Acid, August 17, 2004 Nitric Acid, August 20, 2004 Nitric Acid, August 21, 2004 Nitric Acid, August 22, 2004 Nitric Acid, August 23, 2004 Nitric Acid, August 25, 2004 Nitric Acid, August 26, 2004 Nitric Acid, August 27, 2004 Nitric Acid, August 28, 2004 Nitric Acid, August 29, 2004 Nitric Acid, August 30, 2004 Nitric Acid, August 31, 2004 Nitric Acid, September 2, 2004 Nitric Acid, September 3, 2004 Nitric Acid, September 4, 2004 Nitric Acid, September 5, 2004 Nitric Acid, September 6, 2004 Nitric Acid, September 10, 2004 Nitric Acid, September 12, 2004 Nitric Acid, September 14, 2004 Nitric Acid, September 16, 2004 Nitric Acid, September 17, 2004 Nitric Acid, September 18, 2004 Nitric Acid, September 19, 2004 Nitric Acid, September 20, 2004 Nitric Acid, September 21, 2004 Nitric Acid, September 22, 2004 Nitric Acid, September 24, 2004 Nitric Acid, September 25, 2004 Nitric Acid, September 26, 2004 Nitric Acid, September 27, 2004 Nitric Acid, September 28, 2004 Nitric Acid, September 29, 2004 Nitric Acid, October 1, 2004 Nitric Acid, October 3, 2004 Nitric Acid, October 4, 2004 Nitric Acid, October 5, 2004 Nitric Acid, October 6, 2004 Nitric Acid, October 7, 2004 Nitric Acid, October 9, 2004 Nitric Acid, October 10, 2004 Nitric Acid, October 11, 2004 Nitric Acid, October 12, 20004 Nitric Acid, October 14, 2004 The nitric acid color scale

This animation shows varied concentrations of ozone near the Antarctic pole. The ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs UV radiationand creates a warm layer of air in the stratosphere and is therefore responsible for the thermal structure of the stratosphere. The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. Ozone that is present in the troposphere is mostly a result of anthropogenic pollution and therefore higher concentrations are found in urban areas. Ozone, August 13, 2004 Ozone, August 14, 2004 Ozone, August 15, 2004 Ozone, August 16, 2004 Ozone, August 17, 2004 Ozone, August 20, 2004 Ozone, August 21, 2004 Ozone, August 22, 2004 Ozone, August 23, 2004 Ozone, August 25, 2004 Ozone, August 26, 2004 Ozone, August 27, 2004 Ozone, August 28, 2004 Ozone, August 29, 2004 Ozone, August 30, 2004 Ozone, August 31, 2004 Ozone, September 2, 2004 Ozone, September 3, 2004 Ozone, September 4, 2004 Ozone, September 5, 2004 Ozone, September 6, 2004 Ozone, September 10, 2004 Ozone, September 12, 2004 Ozone, September 14, 2004 Ozone, September 16, 2004 Ozone, September 17, 2004 Ozone, September 18, 2004 Ozone, September 19, 2004 Ozone, September 20, 2004 Ozone, September 21, 2004 Ozone, September 22, 2004 Ozone, September 24, 2004 Ozone, September 25, 2004 Ozone, September 26, 2004 Ozone, September 27, 2004 Ozone, September 28, 2004 Ozone, September 29, 2004 Ozone, October 1, 2004 Ozone, October 3, 2004 Ozone, October 4, 2004 Ozone, October 5, 2004 Ozone, October 6, 2004 Ozone, October 7, 2004 Ozone, October 9, 2004 Ozone, October 10, 2004 Ozone, October 11, 2004 Ozone, October 12, 2004 Ozone, October 14, 2004 The ozone color scale