1 00:00:02,560 --> 00:00:04,589 "And we have liftoff!" 2 00:00:04,589 --> 00:00:07,200 After the first servicing  mission to the Hubble Space Telescope... 3 00:00:10,560 --> 00:00:15,920 ...Hubble amazed us with its ability  to see clearly into our universe. 4 00:00:18,560 --> 00:00:21,920 But Hubble can also see things  that our eyes don't naturally see   5 00:00:21,920 --> 00:00:27,591 even if we were up close we would actually  see something that looks more like this.   6 00:00:27,591 --> 00:00:34,240 But how can we see this then when our eyes would  actually see something that mostly resembles that? 7 00:00:34,240 --> 00:00:38,240 And the answer to that question  lies within Servicing Mission 2. 8 00:00:40,560 --> 00:00:43,840 "Liftoff! Discovery now on its way!" 9 00:00:53,280 --> 00:00:55,360 When Hubble was first launched into orbit, much of   10 00:00:55,360 --> 00:00:57,840 the technology that support it today didn't even exist yet. 11 00:01:01,040 --> 00:01:08,080 That's what makes Hubble so unique, over its  lifetime Hubble was able to be serviced five times   12 00:01:08,080 --> 00:01:12,080 allowing us to fix parts that may have  been worn out and add new instruments   13 00:01:12,080 --> 00:01:15,360 that have been specifically crafted  to enhance Hubble's performance. 14 00:01:19,360 --> 00:01:24,480 Now up until servicing mission 2 in 1997  the Hubble Space Telescope could only   15 00:01:24,480 --> 00:01:30,720 capture light within the visible to ultraviolet  spectrum. And even though our eyes can only see   16 00:01:30,720 --> 00:01:35,701 within the visible range, NASA was after  a wider reach into the spectrum of light. 17 00:01:38,080 --> 00:01:41,200 By widening the range of light  that Hubble is able to capture   18 00:01:41,200 --> 00:01:45,638 astronomers could see into distinctly  different windows into the cosmos. 19 00:01:48,320 --> 00:01:53,920 This is because a picture is worth a thousand  words, but the light that formed that picture also   20 00:01:53,920 --> 00:01:59,680 has a story to tell. And here's where spectroscopy  comes into the narrative of that story.   21 00:02:00,800 --> 00:02:03,360 Spectroscopy is a technique that scientists use to   22 00:02:03,360 --> 00:02:08,480 separate light into its component colors  or wavelengths. And by separating light   23 00:02:08,480 --> 00:02:13,622 into its components we are able to unpack  greater detail about the space around us. 24 00:02:15,200 --> 00:02:21,120 So NASA constructed the necessary mechanisms  needed to capture a wider range of light. 25 00:02:21,120 --> 00:02:25,360 They spent years combing over every detail of  these new instruments and trained a team of   26 00:02:25,360 --> 00:02:31,203 astronauts the techniques needed to install them  properly into Hubble. 27 00:02:31,203 --> 00:02:37,325 "The purpose of today is for the crew of the second servicing mission  for Hubble 28 00:02:37,325 --> 00:02:42,078 to get familiar with installing a science instrument into the telescope." 29 00:02:42,078 --> 00:02:45,920 After the proper preparation of the new instruments   30 00:02:45,920 --> 00:02:53,129 all the components of servicing mission 2 were  ready for launch on the February 11, 1997 mission. 31 00:02:55,040 --> 00:03:01,418 "Ignition and liftoff! Discovery now on its  way to service NASA's Hubble Space Telescope!" 32 00:03:02,225 --> 00:03:06,640 "Discovery the vehicle is now in a heads-down position on course for a 28.5 degree   33 00:03:06,640 --> 00:03:09,386 309 nautical mile orbit." 34 00:03:18,724 --> 00:03:21,890 "Good morning Discovery,  it's the day to go grab yourself a telescope!" 35 00:03:24,720 --> 00:03:28,375 "Hey good morning Chris, we're ready to do that!" 36 00:03:28,375 --> 00:03:31,250 During this mission, the team of seven astronauts installed 37 00:03:31,250 --> 00:03:35,188 the Space Telescope  Imaging Spectrograph or STIS to Hubble 38 00:03:35,920 --> 00:03:40,080 allowing us to separate ultraviolet  and visible light into its components   39 00:03:40,080 --> 00:03:44,800 giving scientists critical diagnostic  information about an object's composition,   40 00:03:44,800 --> 00:03:51,280 temperature, motion, and other physical and  chemical properties. Also with STIS, Hubble was   41 00:03:51,280 --> 00:03:57,280 able to capture in a single exposure a spectral  region 30 times wider than previous spectrographs.   42 00:03:58,960 --> 00:04:03,680 Now questions surrounding the study of massive  black holes, stellar flares, the evolution of the   43 00:04:03,680 --> 00:04:10,960 universe, and distribution of matter could now be  studied in fuller view. but NASA did not stop there!   44 00:04:11,840 --> 00:04:17,760 They also installed the near-infrared camera and  multi-object spectrometer, or NICMOS, which allowed   45 00:04:17,760 --> 00:04:25,600 Hubble to see into the universe by infrared light. We can now tackle questions like how do stars form?   46 00:04:25,600 --> 00:04:30,400 How many stars have planetary systems?  Or, how do galaxies form and evolve?   47 00:04:31,840 --> 00:04:37,360 Additionally the astronauts of Servicing Mission 2  refurbished the fine guidance sensor and gyroscopes   48 00:04:37,360 --> 00:04:41,440 all of which help point the telescope, they  repaired failing thermal blankets which   49 00:04:41,440 --> 00:04:46,880 regulate Hubble's temperature, added a better data  recorder and data interface unit which all help   50 00:04:46,880 --> 00:04:53,853 manage Hubble's data intake, and replace the  electronics that drive Hubble's solar arrays. 51 00:04:59,440 --> 00:05:04,400 Now more than ever we were able to see into  the universe in a rainbow of colors that were   52 00:05:04,400 --> 00:05:08,294 only a dream in the early 1990s. 53 00:05:11,509 --> 00:05:14,574 Servicing  Mission 2 went down in the history books by making 54 00:05:14,574 --> 00:05:19,850 the Hubble Space Telescope more  scientifically powerful than ever before. 55 00:05:26,160 --> 00:05:29,920 "You all have done a great job so many  thanks to all the people in all the other ground   56 00:05:29,920 --> 00:05:33,440 locations supporting this mission.  We understand the sacrifices   57 00:05:33,440 --> 00:05:36,000 you made to make sure this  was mission was successful."