1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:00,020   2 00:00:00,020 --> 00:00:04,470   3 00:00:04,470 --> 00:00:08,530 My name's Dave Eastmont. 4 00:00:08,530 --> 00:00:12,600   5 00:00:12,600 --> 00:00:16,970 I'm the mission manager for Wallops aircraft at this time. My previous experience 6 00:00:16,970 --> 00:00:21,350 has been with the P-3. I've done DC-8 flights I've done Aerosonde UAV flights. 7 00:00:21,350 --> 00:00:25,810 and C-130 flights. I've probably got upwards to about 8 00:00:25,810 --> 00:00:29,930 4,000 hours in the back of the plane. 9 00:00:29,930 --> 00:00:34,050 My name's Bill Krabill. I'm the project scientist 10 00:00:34,050 --> 00:00:38,220 for Operation Ice Bridge. And I've been flying missions 11 00:00:38,220 --> 00:00:42,390 like this to Greenland since 1991. 12 00:00:42,390 --> 00:00:46,570 The aircraft behind me is NASA's P-3 13 00:00:46,570 --> 00:00:50,890 research aircraft. It's used as a platform 14 00:00:50,890 --> 00:00:55,370 for various remote sensors. And we're going to be using it 15 00:00:55,370 --> 00:00:59,390 in Greenland this year, as we have most years since 1991 16 00:00:59,390 --> 00:01:03,410 to collect a suite of measurements to tell the scientists 17 00:01:03,410 --> 00:01:07,630 the thickness of the ice and how fast it's flowing 18 00:01:07,630 --> 00:01:11,730 out to the ocean. And what we're observing is 19 00:01:11,730 --> 00:01:15,880 the decade of the '90s was exhibiting very 20 00:01:15,880 --> 00:01:20,040 small changes. If we saw a half a meter to a meter 21 00:01:20,040 --> 00:01:24,230 per year of thinning, that was a pretty large number in that time 22 00:01:24,230 --> 00:01:28,450 frame. But since the turn of the century, we're seeing 23 00:01:28,450 --> 00:01:32,720 the same glaciers now thinning at 15, and 20, and 25 meters 24 00:01:32,720 --> 00:01:37,000 per year. So there's some very drastic changes taking place up in Greenland. 25 00:01:37,000 --> 00:01:41,250 The additional work that we'll be doing 26 00:01:41,250 --> 00:01:45,550 for Operation Ice Bridge will be to follow the exact 27 00:01:45,550 --> 00:01:49,550 orbit paths on the surface that ICESat has followed 28 00:01:49,550 --> 00:01:53,560 in the past and will follow in the future and that ICESat II would follow 29 00:01:53,560 --> 00:01:57,570 when it gets launched in 2015. 30 00:01:57,570 --> 00:02:01,580 It does a very nice job of global coverage 31 00:02:01,580 --> 00:02:05,590 particularly of Antarctica that's quite remote and very difficult to get to with 32 00:02:05,590 --> 00:02:09,660 an airplane. So whereas the typical flights that we would 33 00:02:09,660 --> 00:02:13,740 make in the past are focused, targeted towards the outlet 34 00:02:13,740 --> 00:02:17,810 glaciers, we'll now also do the same kinds of measurements 35 00:02:17,810 --> 00:02:21,920 that a satellite would, and this sort of ties the two projects together. 36 00:02:21,920 --> 00:02:26,200 I'm Jim Yungle, 37 00:02:26,200 --> 00:02:30,290 I'm a lead engineer on the NASA Airborne Topographic Mapper Project. 38 00:02:30,290 --> 00:02:34,510 It measures the elevation of the terrain the aircraft flies over 39 00:02:34,510 --> 00:02:38,780 by firing pulses of laser light from the aircraft to the ground 40 00:02:38,780 --> 00:02:42,790 and back. Those pulses are scanned in an oval scan 41 00:02:42,790 --> 00:02:46,800 and this allows us to map a swath of terrain 42 00:02:46,800 --> 00:02:50,810 underneath the aircraft, and it allows us to return in a future 43 00:02:50,810 --> 00:02:54,830 year and repeat those measurements pretty accurately. 44 00:02:54,830 --> 00:02:59,240 We're concerned with the icesheets of the world 45 00:02:59,240 --> 00:03:03,320 because to some degree they control sea level. 46 00:03:03,320 --> 00:03:07,490 Greenland is the second-largest ice sheet in the world. It contains enough 47 00:03:07,490 --> 00:03:11,680 ice and snow that if it were to melt it would raise sea levels 48 00:03:11,680 --> 00:03:16,150 substantially, maybe as much as 20 feet in this area. You can imagine Greenland 49 00:03:16,150 --> 00:03:20,410 as a huge ice cube that's a thousand miles long and 50 00:03:20,410 --> 00:03:24,720 400 miles wide and two miles thick in the center. 51 00:03:24,720 --> 00:03:29,120 It buffers global climate, regional climate so 52 00:03:29,120 --> 00:03:33,570 that changes in the ice sheet become very important 53 00:03:33,570 --> 00:03:37,670 indicators of global climate change. 54 00:03:37,670 --> 00:03:41,690   55 00:03:41,690 --> 00:03:45,710 It's something you have to experience ... 56 00:03:45,710 --> 00:03:49,760 we'll fly these patterns at 1,500 feet, 57 00:03:49,760 --> 00:03:54,040 above the ground level. And you get up on the ice sheet it's like flying over the clouds. 58 00:03:54,040 --> 00:03:58,380 And you look down and it's white, fluffy sometimes -- it just looks like a cloud. 59 00:03:58,380 --> 00:04:02,790 You have to keep in your head that it's solid underneath you. 60 00:04:02,790 --> 00:04:07,120 Probably one of the neatest things to see is when you're flying 61 00:04:07,120 --> 00:04:11,530 down the glacier toward the ocean, you're at 1,500 feet and just as you hit the ocean 62 00:04:11,530 --> 00:04:15,960 the glacier drops off another thousand feet. No matter now 63 00:04:15,960 --> 00:04:25,000 often you do it, it always takes your breath. 64 00:04:25,000 --> 00:04:24,000