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The Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS) is a NASA laboratory managed by the Earth Sciences Division of the agency’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. The laboratory is affiliated with Columbia University’s Earth Institute and School of Engineering and Applied Science in New York.
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"description": "The GISS Surface Temperature Analysis version 4 (GISTEMP v4) is an estimate of global surface temperature change. Graphs and tables are updated around the middle of every month using current data files from NOAA GHCN v4 (meteorological stations) and ERSST v5 (ocean areas), combined as described in our publications [Hansen et al. (2010)](https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/ha00510u.html) and [Lenssen et al. (2019)](https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/le05800h.html).",
"credit": "Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: [Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model](https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/le05800h.html). J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, no. 12, 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.",
"url": "https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/",
"date_range": null
},
{
"name": "MERRA-2",
"common_name": "MERRA-2",
"platform": null,
"sensor": null,
"type": "Model",
"organizations": [],
"description": "",
"credit": "",
"url": "",
"date_range": null
}
],
"nasa_science_categories": [
"Earth"
],
"keywords": [
"Climate",
"Climate Change",
"Climate Variability and Change"
],
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"related": [
{
"id": 5207,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5207/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2023",
"description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are shown in white. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. Normal temperatures are calculated over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. The maps are averages over a running 24 month window. The final frame represents global temperature anomalies in 2023. || 2023GISTEMP_Map.00899_print.jpg (1024x576) [138.7 KB] || 2023GISTEMP_Map.00899_searchweb.png (320x180) [66.6 KB] || 2023GISTEMP_Map.00899_thm.png (80x40) [6.4 KB] || 2023GISTEMP_Map.00899_web.png (320x180) [65.9 KB] || 2023GISTEMP_Map_HD.mp4 (1920x1080) [57.2 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [64.0 KB] || 2023GISTEMP_Map.mp4 (3840x2160) [114.3 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2024-01-12T11:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2024-06-11T00:17:26.296679-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 1088347,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005200/a005207/2023GISTEMP_Map.00899_print.jpg",
"filename": "2023GISTEMP_Map.00899_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are shown in white. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. Normal temperatures are calculated over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. The maps are averages over a running 24 month window. The final frame represents global temperature anomalies in 2023.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 5209,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5209/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Zonal Climate Anomalies 1880-2023",
"description": "A visualization of zonal temperature anomalies. The latitude zones are 90N-64N, 64N-44N, 44N-24N, 24N-EQU, EQU-24S, 24S-44S, 44S-64S, 64S-90S. The anomalies are calculated relative to a baseline period of 1951-1980. This version is in Celsius, an alternate version in Fahrenheit is also available. || GISTEMP_Zonal_1880-2023_C.00840_print.jpg (1024x576) [43.1 KB] || GISTEMP_Zonal_1880-2023_C.00840_searchweb.png (320x180) [18.0 KB] || GISTEMP_Zonal_1880-2023_C.00840_thm.png (80x40) [2.5 KB] || GISTEMP_Zonal_1880-2023_C.mp4 (3840x2160) [20.2 MB] || degC (3840x2160) [64.0 KB] || ",
"release_date": "2024-01-12T11:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2024-06-02T23:12:06.205324-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 1088478,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005200/a005209/GISTEMP_Zonal_1880-2023_C.00899_print.jpg",
"filename": "GISTEMP_Zonal_1880-2023_C.00899_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "A visualization of zonal temperature anomalies. The latitude zones are 90N-64N, 64N-44N, 44N-24N, 24N-EQU, EQU-24S, 24S-44S, 44S-64S, 64S-90S. The anomalies are calculated relative to a baseline period of 1951-1980. This version is in Celsius, an alternate version in Fahrenheit is also available.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 5211,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5211/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Shifting Distribution of Land Temperature Anomalies, 1962-2023",
"description": "The change in the distribution of land temperature anomalies over the years 1963 to 2023. This version is in Celsius, a Fahrenheit version is also available. || 2023_GISTEMP_Dist_C.00899_print.jpg (1024x576) [38.5 KB] || 2023_GISTEMP_Dist_C.00899_searchweb.png (320x180) [13.9 KB] || 2023_GISTEMP_Dist_C.00899_thm.png (80x40) [2.3 KB] || 2023_GISTEMP_Dist_C.mp4 (3840x2160) [22.3 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2024-01-12T11:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2024-04-01T22:48:24.750418-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 1088514,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005200/a005211/2023_GISTEMP_Dist_C.00899_print.jpg",
"filename": "2023_GISTEMP_Dist_C.00899_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "The change in the distribution of land temperature anomalies over the years 1963 to 2023. This version is in Celsius, a Fahrenheit version is also available.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 14407,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14407/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "NASA Summer 2023 Temperature Media Resources",
"description": "The summer of 2023 was Earth’s hottest since global records began in 1880, according to an analysis by scientists at NASA’s Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS) in New York.The months of June, July, and August combined were 0.41 degrees Fahrenheit (0.23 degrees Celsius) warmer than any other summer in NASA’s record, and 2.1 degrees F (1.2 C) warmer than the average summer between 1951 and 1980. August alone was 2.2 F (1.2 C) warmer than the average. June through August is considered meteorological summer in the Northern Hemisphere. This new record comes as exceptional heat swept across much of the world, exacerbating deadly wildfires in Canada and Hawaii, and searing heat waves in South America, Japan, Europe, and the U.S., while likely contributing to severe rainfall in Italy, Greece, and Central Europe.NASA assembles its temperature record, known as GISTEMP, from surface air temperature data acquired by tens of thousands of meteorological stations, as well as sea surface temperature data from ship- and buoy-based instruments. This raw data is analyzed using methods that account for the varied spacing of temperature stations around the globe and for urban heating effects that could skew the calculations. || ",
"release_date": "2023-09-14T11:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-09-21T22:44:17.320000-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 858656,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014400/a014407/Title.jpg",
"filename": "Title.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Universal Production Music: Knock and Wait (Instrumental) by Brice Davoli [SACEM], Well That’s Difference (Instrumental) by Jeff Cardoni [ASCAP], Wanna Be Hipster (Instrumental) by Jeff Cardoni [ASCAP], Curiosity Killed Kitty (Instrumental) by Robert Leslie Bennett [ASCAP], Eco Issues (Instrumental) by Max van Thun [GEMA] Additional Footage: Pond5.com, CSPANComplete transcript available.",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080,
"pixels": 2073600
}
},
{
"id": 5065,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5065/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Shifting Distribution of Land Temperature Anomalies, 1962-2022",
"description": "The change in the distribution of land temperature anomalies over the years 1962 to 2022. This version is in Celsius, a Fahrenheit version is also available. || GISTEMPDist2022_C.00890_print.jpg (1024x576) [49.0 KB] || GISTEMPDist2022_C.00890_searchweb.png (320x180) [18.8 KB] || GISTEMPDist2022_C.00890_thm.png (80x40) [2.5 KB] || GISTEMPDist2022_C.mp4 (3840x2160) [17.1 MB] || GISTEMPDist2022_C.webm (3840x2160) [4.2 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2023-05-31T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-29T23:23:58.251311-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 552391,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005000/a005065/GISTEMPDist2022_C.00890_print.jpg",
"filename": "GISTEMPDist2022_C.00890_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "The change in the distribution of land temperature anomalies over the years 1962 to 2022. This version is in Celsius, a Fahrenheit version is also available.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 5059,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5059/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Zonal Climate Anomalies 1880-2022",
"description": "A visualization of zonal temperature anomalies. The latitude zones are 90N-64N, 64N-44N, 44N-24N, 24N-EQU, EQU-24S, 24S-44S, 44S-64S, 64S-90S. The anomalies are calculated relative to a baseline period of 1951-1980. This version is in Fahrenheit, an alternate version in Celsius is also available. || GISTEMP_Zonal_F.00899_print.jpg (1024x576) [52.2 KB] || GISTEMP_Zonal_F.00899_searchweb.png (320x180) [21.1 KB] || GISTEMP_Zonal_F.00899_thm.png (80x40) [2.9 KB] || GISTEMP_Zonal_F.mp4 (3840x2160) [27.3 MB] || GISTEMP_Zonal_F.webm (3840x2160) [6.2 MB] || F (3840x2160) [64.0 KB] || ",
"release_date": "2023-01-12T11:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2024-06-02T22:53:00.673542-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 552011,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005000/a005059/GISTEMP_Zonal_F.00899_print.jpg",
"filename": "GISTEMP_Zonal_F.00899_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "A visualization of zonal temperature anomalies. The latitude zones are 90N-64N, 64N-44N, 44N-24N, 24N-EQU, EQU-24S, 24S-44S, 44S-64S, 64S-90S. The anomalies are calculated relative to a baseline period of 1951-1980. This version is in Fahrenheit, an alternate version in Celsius is also available.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 14273,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14273/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "A Look Back: 2022's Temperature Record",
"description": "Complete transcript available. 2022 effectively tied for Earth’s 5th warmest year since 1880, and the last 9 consecutive years have been the warmest 9 on record. NASA looks back at how heat was expressed in different ways around the world in 2022.Music credit: “Ad Infinitum,” “Arctic Blue,” and “Recovery” from Universal Production Music || Thambnail_final2.jpg (2085x1176) [2.2 MB] || 2022_Temp_Update_FINAL.00001_web.png (320x180) [2.8 KB] || 2022_Temp_Update_FINAL.00001_thm.png (80x40) [594 bytes] || New_Thumbnail_final2.jpg (320x180) [44.2 KB] || 2022_Temp_Update_FINAL.mp4 (1920x1080) [667.1 MB] || Transcript_otter_ai.en_US.srt (0x0) [4.7 KB] || Transcript_otter_ai.en_US.vtt (0x0) [4.7 KB] || 2022_Temp_Update_FINAL.webm (0x0) [36.9 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2023-01-12T11:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-07-26T17:15:20.470107-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 857066,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014200/a014273/New_Thumbnail_final2.jpg",
"filename": "New_Thumbnail_final2.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Complete transcript available. 2022 effectively tied for Earth’s 5th warmest year since 1880, and the last 9 consecutive years have been the warmest 9 on record. NASA looks back at how heat was expressed in different ways around the world in 2022.Music credit: “Ad Infinitum,” “Arctic Blue,” and “Recovery” from Universal Production Music",
"width": 320,
"height": 180,
"pixels": 57600
}
},
{
"id": 5060,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5060/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2022",
"description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are shown in white. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. Normal temperatures are calculated over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2018-2022. || GISTEMP-2022-TemperatureAnomalyBothCelsiusFahrenheit.00899_print.jpg (1024x576) [145.3 KB] || GISTEMP-2022-TemperatureAnomalyBothCelsiusFahrenheit.00899_searchweb.png (180x320) [74.8 KB] || GISTEMP-2022-TemperatureAnomalyBothCelsiusFahrenheit.00899_thm.png (80x40) [6.3 KB] || GISTEMP-2022-TemperatureAnomalyBothCelsiusFahrenheit.mp4 (1920x1080) [57.8 MB] || celsius (1920x1080) [64.0 KB] || celsius (3840x2160) [128.0 KB] || ",
"release_date": "2023-01-12T10:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2024-06-11T00:15:39.042187-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 552069,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005000/a005060/GISTEMP-2022-TemperatureAnomalyBothCelsiusFahrenheit.00899_print.jpg",
"filename": "GISTEMP-2022-TemperatureAnomalyBothCelsiusFahrenheit.00899_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are shown in white. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. Normal temperatures are calculated over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2018-2022. ",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
},
{
"id": 5028,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5028/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Arctic Sea Ice Spiral",
"description": "A data visualization of the Arctic sea ice extent from October 1978 to September 2022. This version is in units of square miles, see below for version in square kilometers. || Arctic_Spira_mi.01000_print.jpg (1024x1024) [212.5 KB] || Arctic_Spira_mi.01000_searchweb.png (180x320) [61.5 KB] || Arctic_Spira_mi.01000_thm.png (80x40) [4.8 KB] || Arctic_Spira_mi.mp4 (2160x2160) [17.1 MB] || mi (2160x2160) [128.0 KB] || Arctic_Spira_mi.webm (2160x2160) [4.7 MB] || ",
"release_date": "2022-09-22T13:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T11:43:59.170532-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 369285,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a005000/a005028/Arctic_Spira_mi.01000_print.jpg",
"filename": "Arctic_Spira_mi.01000_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "A data visualization of the Arctic sea ice extent from October 1978 to September 2022. This version is in units of square miles, see below for version in square kilometers.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 1024,
"pixels": 1048576
}
},
{
"id": 4891,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4891/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "Shifting Distribution of Land Temperature Anomalies, 1951-2020",
"description": "The change in the distribution of land temperature anomalies over the years 1951 to 2020 || GISSTempDist_print.jpg (1024x576) [53.1 KB] || GISSTempDist_STILL.jpg (7680x4320) [1.0 MB] || GISTempDist_searchweb.png (320x180) [13.6 KB] || GISTempDist_thm.png (71x40) [2.1 KB] || GISTempDist_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [2.0 MB] || GISTempDist_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [3.3 MB] || GISSTempDist_2160p59.94.mp4 (3840x2160) [4.9 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_60p (3840x2160) [128.0 KB] || ",
"release_date": "2021-04-23T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2024-06-11T00:13:58.303624-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 378819,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004800/a004891/GISTempDist_searchweb.png",
"filename": "GISTempDist_searchweb.png",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "The change in the distribution of land temperature anomalies over the years 1951 to 2020",
"width": 320,
"height": 180,
"pixels": 57600
}
}
],
"sources": [],
"products": [],
"newer_versions": [],
"older_versions": [
{
"id": 4975,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4975/",
"page_type": "Visualization",
"title": "GISTEMP Climate Spiral",
"description": "The GISTEMP climate spiral 1880-2021. This version is in Celsius, see below for an alternate version in Fahrenheit. || GISTEMP_Spiral_2022-03-06_2257.01710_print.jpg (1024x576) [122.0 KB] || GISTEMP_Spiral_2022-03-06_2257.01710_searchweb.png (320x180) [43.9 KB] || GISTEMP_Spiral_2022-03-06_2257.01710_thm.png (80x40) [3.6 KB] || GISTEMP_Spiral_2022-03-06_1851_1080sq.mp4 (1080x1080) [21.6 MB] || GISTEMP_Spiral_2022-03-06_1851_1080sq.webm (1080x1080) [8.0 MB] || GISTEMP_Spiral_2022-03-06_2257.mp4 (3840x2160) [33.0 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [256.0 KB] || ",
"release_date": "2022-03-07T22:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2024-05-01T00:15:18.941760-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 372606,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004900/a004975/GISTEMP_Spiral_2022-03-06_2257.01710_print.jpg",
"filename": "GISTEMP_Spiral_2022-03-06_2257.01710_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "The GISTEMP climate spiral 1880-2021. This version is in Celsius, see below for an alternate version in Fahrenheit.",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
"pixels": 589824
}
}
],
"alternate_versions": []
}