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"description": "For a number of years, solar scientists have known about a phenomenon they called 'switchbacks'. Switchbacks are short-term 'flips' in the polarity of the magnetic field in the outflowing solar wind. Parker Solar Probe has detected these 'switchbacks' (Switchbacks Science: Explaining Parker Solar Probe’s Magnetic Puzzle), which appear to be more plentiful closer to the Sun.
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Closer to the Sun, the average field lines trace back to coronal structures called pseudostreamers, that are magnetic structures which overlay and connect multiple pole magnetic regions. These regions also appear to correlate with where magnetic flux emerges between supergranule convection cells.",
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"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014036/Final_PSPAlfvenWave_Version2_NoTransitions_H264.00400_print.jpg",
"filename": "Final_PSPAlfvenWave_Version2_NoTransitions_H264.00400_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Parker Solar Probe has now “touched the Sun”, passing through the Sun’s outer atmosphere, the corona for the first time in April 2021. The boundary that marks the edge of the corona is the Alfvén critical surface. Inside that surface (circle at left), plasma is connected to the Sun by waves that travel back and forth to the surface. Beyond it (circle at right), the Sun’s magnetic fields and gravity are too weak to contain the plasma and it becomes the solar wind, racing across the solar system so fast that waves within the wind cannot ever travel fast enough to make it back to the Sun. Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins APL/Ben Smith",
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},
{
"id": 20354,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20354/",
"page_type": "Animation",
"title": "Animation: Origins of Switchbacks",
"description": "On recent solar encounters, Parker Solar Probe collected data pinpointing the origin of zig-zag-shaped structures in the solar wind, called switchbacks. The data showed one spot switchbacks originate is at the visible surface of the Sun – the photosphere. By the time it reaches Earth, 93 million miles away, the solar wind is an unrelenting headwind of particles and magnetic fields. But as it escapes the Sun, the solar wind is structured and patchy. In the mid-1990s, the NASA-European Space Agency mission Ulysses flew over the Sun’s poles and discovered a handful of bizarre S-shaped kinks in the solar wind’s magnetic field lines, which detoured charged particles on a zig-zag path as they escaped the Sun. For decades, scientists thought these occasional switchbacks were oddities confined to the Sun’s polar regions. In 2019, at 34 solar radii from the Sun, Parker Solar Probe discovered that switchbacks were not rare, but common in the solar wind. This renewed interest in the features raised new questions: Where are they coming from and how do they form and evolve? Were they forged at the surface of the Sun, or shaped by some process kinking magnetic fields in the solar atmosphere? The new findings, in press at the Astrophysical Journal, finally confirm one origin point near the solar surface. More information here. || ",
"release_date": "2021-12-14T12:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:43:39.481307-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 374501,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a020000/a020300/a020354/Parker_SP_new_results_4K_h264.00736_print.jpg",
"filename": "Parker_SP_new_results_4K_h264.00736_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Data from Parker Solar Probe has traced the origin of switchbacks – magnetic zig-zag structures in the solar wind – back to the solar surface. At the surface, magnetic funnels emerge from the photosphere between convection cell structures called supergranules. Switchbacks form inside the funnels and rise into the corona and are pushed out on the solar wind. Credit: NASA GSFC/CIL/Jonathan North",
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}
}
],
"sources": [],
"products": [
{
"id": 14045,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14045/",
"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "NASA's Parker Solar Probe Touches The Sun For The First Time",
"description": "For the first time in history, a spacecraft has touched the Sun. NASA’s Parker Solar Probe has now flown through the Sun’s upper atmosphere – the corona – and sampled particles and magnetic fields there. The new milestone marks one major step for Parker Solar Probe and one giant leap for solar science. Just as landing on the Moon allowed scientists to understand how it was formed, touching the very stuff the Sun is made of will help scientists uncover critical information about our closest star and its influence on the solar system. More information here. || ",
"release_date": "2021-12-14T12:00:00-05:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:43:39.325301-04:00",
"main_image": {
"id": 374367,
"url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014045/NHQ_2018_0812_Parker_Solar_Probe_Mission_Launches_to_Touch_the_Sun_-_orig.00400_print.jpg",
"filename": "NHQ_2018_0812_Parker_Solar_Probe_Mission_Launches_to_Touch_the_Sun_-_orig.00400_print.jpg",
"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Launch FootageThe United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy rocket launches NASA's Parker Solar Probe to touch the Sun, Sunday, Aug. 12, 2018 from Launch Complex 37 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida.Credit: NASA",
"width": 1024,
"height": 576,
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}
}
],
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}