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This close to the pole, the Sun doesn't rise and set. Instead, as the Moon rotates on its axis, the Sun skims the horizon, traveling a full 360 degrees around the terrain. Mountains as far as 75 miles (120 kilometers) away cast shadows across the landscape. With the Sun at such a low angle, it can never reach the floors of some deep craters. Places the Sun never reaches are known as permanently shadowed regions. They are the locations of some of the coldest spots in the solar system, and because of that, they trap volatile chemicals, including water ice, that would immediately sublimate (transform directly from a solid to a gas) in the harsh, airless sunshine that falls in most other places on the Moon.
The Sun appears to travel in a circle at the Earth's poles, too, but it also travels through a range of altitudes. From spring equinox to summer solstice, for example, the Sun is climbing higher in the sky, reaching an altitude of 23.4°. It only hugs the horizon for a few days around the equinoxes. At the Moon's poles, the Sun is always near the horizon, and the shadows are perpetually long, sweeping across the surface with the changing solar azimuth.",
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"title": "Illumination at the Moon's South Pole to 80°S, 2025 to 2028",
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"update_date": "2024-02-23T00:15:37.781404-05:00",
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"title": "Illumination at the Moon's South Pole, 2023 to 2030",
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"update_date": "2024-02-22T00:14:11.797347-05:00",
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"alt_text": "An animated view of the Sun and the Earth as seen from the Moon's South Pole, without music or narration.",
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