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    "nasa_science_categories": [
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    "related": [
        {
            "id": 11703,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11703/",
            "page_type": "Produced Video",
            "title": "The Arctic and the Antarctic Respond in Opposite Ways",
            "description": "The Arctic and the Antarctic are regions that have a lot of ice and acts as air conditioners for the Earth system. This year, Antarctic sea ice reached a record maximum extent while the Arctic reached a minimum extent in the top ten lowest since satellite records began. One reason we are seeing differences between the Arctic and the Antarctic is due to their different geographies. As for what's causing the sea increase in the Antarctic, scientists are also studying ocean temperatures, possible changes in wind direction and, overall, how the region is responding to changes in the climate.Here is the YouTube video. || ",
            "release_date": "2014-10-08T10:00:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:27.803483-04:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 450705,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011700/a011703/G2014-093-Antarctic-1920-master_youtube_hq_print.jpg",
                "filename": "G2014-093-Antarctic-1920-master_youtube_hq_print.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "For complete transcript, click here.",
                "width": 1024,
                "height": 576,
                "pixels": 589824
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 3862,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3862/",
            "page_type": "Visualization",
            "title": "Seasonal Antarctic Sea Ice",
            "description": "Antarctica is a land mass surrounded by an ocean which allows the sea ice here to move more freely than it does in the Northern Hemisphere. Because there are no surrounding continents to limit its movement, the sea ice is free to float northward into warmer waters where it eventually melts. As a result, almost all of the sea ice that forms during the Antarctic winter melts during the summer. During the winter, up to 18 million square kilometers (6.9 million square miles) of ocean is covered by sea ice, but by the end of summer, only about 3 million square kilometers (1.1 million square miles) of sea ice remain. Antarctic sea ice extent are characterized by fairly large variations from year to year. The monthly average extent can vary by as much as 1 million square kilometers (386,102 square miles) from the year-to-year monthly average. The AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite acquires high resolution measurements of the 89 GHz brightness temperature near the poles. Because this is a passive microwave sensor which is not so sensitive to atmospheric effects, this sensor is able to observe the entire polar region every day, even through clouds and snowfall. The false color in this animation of sea ice surrounding the South Pole is derived from the daily AMSR-E 6.25 km 89 GHz brightness temperature while the sea ice extent is derived from the daily AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration. The sea ice extent shown is generated using a three day moving average where the daily sea ice concentration is at least 15%. This animation portrays the changes in the sea ice from May 26, 2009 through July 29, 2010. || ",
            "release_date": "2011-09-29T00:00:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2023-11-14T00:01:24.975164-05:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 483104,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003800/a003862/Antarctic_Wdates.2031.jpg",
                "filename": "Antarctic_Wdates.2031.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "This animation shows the advance and retreat of the Antarctic sea ice with a star background and a date overlay.",
                "width": 1920,
                "height": 1080,
                "pixels": 2073600
            }
        }
    ],
    "sources": [],
    "products": [],
    "newer_versions": [
        {
            "id": 4562,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4562/",
            "page_type": "Visualization",
            "title": "Minimum Antarctic Sea Ice 2017",
            "description": "This movie begins at the 2016 Antarctic maximum on August 31, 2016 and shows daily sea ice concentration until the Antarctic minimum on March 3, 2017.  The 2017 minimum had only 2.1 million square kilometers of sea ice extent below the previous lowest minimum extext in the satellite record that occurred in 1997. || SouthPoleSeaIce_max_min.3591_print.jpg (1024x576) [44.1 KB] || SouthPoleSeaIce_max_min.3591_searchweb.png (320x180) [39.9 KB] || SouthPoleSeaIce_max_min.3591_thm.png (80x40) [4.1 KB] || SouthPoleSeaIce_max_min.3591.tif (1920x1080) [1.5 MB] || SouthPole_Max_Min_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [19.9 MB] || frames/1920x1080_16x9_30p/ (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || SouthPole_Max_Min_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [4.7 MB] || ",
            "release_date": "2017-03-22T12:00:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2023-11-14T00:09:08.513759-05:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 415426,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004500/a004562/SouthPoleSeaIce_max_min.3591_print.jpg",
                "filename": "SouthPoleSeaIce_max_min.3591_print.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "This movie begins at the 2016 Antarctic maximum on August 31, 2016 and shows daily sea ice concentration until the Antarctic minimum on March 3, 2017.  The 2017 minimum had only 2.1 million square kilometers of sea ice extent below the previous lowest minimum extext in the satellite record that occurred in 1997.",
                "width": 1024,
                "height": 576,
                "pixels": 589824
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 4368,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4368/",
            "page_type": "Visualization",
            "title": "Maximum Antarctic Sea Ice 2015",
            "description": "Above is an image of the Antarctic sea ice on October 6, 2015, the day on which it reached its annual maximum extent.  The date is also displayed. || Antarctic_seaIce_max_2015_Date_noAve.7768_print.jpg (1024x576) [78.1 KB] || Antarctic_seaIce_max_2015_Date_noAve.7768_searchweb.png (320x180) [69.9 KB] || Antarctic_seaIce_max_2015_Date_noAve.7768_thm.png (80x40) [5.4 KB] || Antarctic_seaIce_max_2015_1080p_wDate_noAve.7768.tif (1920x1080) [2.0 MB] || Antarctic_seaIce_max_2015_Print_wDate_noAve.7768.tif (5760x3240) [15.1 MB] || ",
            "release_date": "2015-10-20T00:00:00-04:00",
            "update_date": "2023-11-14T00:06:55.131574-05:00",
            "main_image": {
                "id": 438496,
                "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004300/a004368/Antarctic_seaIce_max_2015_Date_noAve.7768_print.jpg",
                "filename": "Antarctic_seaIce_max_2015_Date_noAve.7768_print.jpg",
                "media_type": "Image",
                "alt_text": "Above is an image of the Antarctic sea ice on October 6, 2015, the day on which it reached its annual maximum extent.  The date is also displayed.",
                "width": 1024,
                "height": 576,
                "pixels": 589824
            }
        }
    ],
    "older_versions": [],
    "alternate_versions": []
}