{ "id": 3619, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3619/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "A Tour of the Cryosphere 2009", "description": "The cryosphere consists of those parts of the Earth's surface where water is found in solid form, including areas of snow, sea ice, glaciers, permafrost, ice sheets, and icebergs. In these regions, surface temperatures remain below freezing for a portion of each year. Since ice and snow exist relatively close to their melting point, they frequently change from solid to liquid and back again due to fluctuations in surface temperature. Although direct measurements of the cryosphere can be difficult to obtain due to the remote locations of many of these areas, using satellite observations scientists monitor changes in the global and regional climate by observing how regions of the Earth's cryosphere shrink and expand.This animation portrays fluctuations in the cryosphere through observations collected from a variety of satellite-based sensors. The animation begins in Antarctica, showing some unique features of the Antarctic landscape found nowhere else on earth. Ice shelves, ice streams, glaciers, and the formation of massive icebergs can be seen clearly in the flyover of the Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica. A time series shows the movement of iceberg B15A, an iceberg 295 kilometers in length which broke off of the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000. Moving farther along the coastline, a time series of the Larsen ice shelf shows the collapse of over 3,200 square kilometers ice since January 2002. As we depart from the Antarctic, we see the seasonal change of sea ice and how it nearly doubles the apparent area of the continent during the winter.From Antarctica, the animation travels over South America showing glacier locations on this mostly tropical continent. We then move further north to observe daily changes in snow cover over the North American continent. The clouds show winter storms moving across the United States and Canada, leaving trails of snow cover behind. In a close-up view of the western US, we compare the difference in land cover between two years: 2003 when the region received a normal amount of snow and 2002 when little snow was accumulated. The difference in the surrounding vegetation due to the lack of spring melt water from the mountain snow pack is evident.As the animation moves from the western US to the Arctic region, the areas affected by permafrost are visible. As time marches forward from March to September, the daily snow and sea ice recede and reveal the vast areas of permafrost surrounding the Arctic Ocean.The animation shows a one-year cycle of Arctic sea ice followed by the mean September minimum sea ice for each year from 1979 through 2008. The superimposed graph of the area of Arctic sea ice at this minimum clearly shows the dramatic decrease in Artic sea ice over the last few years.While moving from the Arctic to Greenland, the animation shows the constant motion of the Arctic polar ice using daily measures of sea ice activity. Sea ice flows from the Arctic into Baffin Bay as the seasonal ice expands southward. As we draw close to the Greenland coast, the animation shows the recent changes in the Jakobshavn glacier. Although Jakobshavn receded only slightly from 1964 to 2001, the animation shows significant recession from 2001 through 2009. As the animation pulls out from Jakobshavn, the effect of the increased flow rate of Greenland costal glaciers is shown by the thinning ice shelf regions near the Greenland coast.This animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website.Note: This animation is an update of the animation 'A Short Tour of the Cryosphere', which is itself an abridged version of the animation 'A Tour of the Cryosphere'. The popularity of the earlier animations and their continuing relevance prompted us to update the datasets in parts of the animation and to remake it in high definition. In certain cases, our experiences in using the earlier work have led us to tweak the presentation of some of the material to make it clearer. Our thanks to Dr. Robert Bindschadler for suggesting and supporting this remake. || ", "release_date": "2009-09-01T18:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-11-15T00:00:50.067151-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 496509, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003600/a003619/Tour_Cryosphere_00780.png", "filename": "Tour_Cryosphere_00780.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The complete narrated visualizationThis video is also available on our YouTube channel.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 }, "main_video": { "id": 496500, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003600/a003619/hdtour720p60_041a.mp4", "filename": "hdtour720p60_041a.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "The complete narrated visualizationThis video is also available on our YouTube channel.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 }, "progress": "Complete", "media_groups": [ { "id": 354373, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3619/#media_group_354373", "widget": "Basic text with HTML", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "The cryosphere consists of those parts of the Earth's surface where water is found in solid form, including areas of snow, sea ice, glaciers, permafrost, ice sheets, and icebergs. 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This animation portrays fluctuations in the cryosphere through observations collected from a variety of satellite-based sensors. The animation begins in Antarctica, showing some unique features of the Antarctic landscape found nowhere else on earth. Ice shelves, ice streams, glaciers, and the formation of massive icebergs can be seen clearly in the flyover of the Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica. A time series shows the movement of iceberg B15A, an iceberg 295 kilometers in length which broke off of the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000. Moving farther along the coastline, a time series of the Larsen ice shelf shows the collapse of over 3,200 square kilometers ice since January 2002. As we depart from the Antarctic, we see the seasonal change of sea ice and how it nearly doubles the apparent area of the continent during the winter.

From Antarctica, the animation travels over South America showing glacier locations on this mostly tropical continent. We then move further north to observe daily changes in snow cover over the North American continent. The clouds show winter storms moving across the United States and Canada, leaving trails of snow cover behind. In a close-up view of the western US, we compare the difference in land cover between two years: 2003 when the region received a normal amount of snow and 2002 when little snow was accumulated. The difference in the surrounding vegetation due to the lack of spring melt water from the mountain snow pack is evident.

As the animation moves from the western US to the Arctic region, the areas affected by permafrost are visible. As time marches forward from March to September, the daily snow and sea ice recede and reveal the vast areas of permafrost surrounding the Arctic Ocean.

The animation shows a one-year cycle of Arctic sea ice followed by the mean September minimum sea ice for each year from 1979 through 2008. The superimposed graph of the area of Arctic sea ice at this minimum clearly shows the dramatic decrease in Artic sea ice over the last few years.

While moving from the Arctic to Greenland, the animation shows the constant motion of the Arctic polar ice using daily measures of sea ice activity. Sea ice flows from the Arctic into Baffin Bay as the seasonal ice expands southward. As we draw close to the Greenland coast, the animation shows the recent changes in the Jakobshavn glacier. Although Jakobshavn receded only slightly from 1964 to 2001, the animation shows significant recession from 2001 through 2009. As the animation pulls out from Jakobshavn, the effect of the increased flow rate of Greenland costal glaciers is shown by the thinning ice shelf regions near the Greenland coast.

This animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet.

For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website.

Note: This animation is an update of the animation 'A Short Tour of the Cryosphere', which is itself an abridged version of the animation 'A Tour of the Cryosphere'. The popularity of the earlier animations and their continuing relevance prompted us to update the datasets in parts of the animation and to remake it in high definition. In certain cases, our experiences in using the earlier work have led us to tweak the presentation of some of the material to make it clearer. Our thanks to Dr. Robert Bindschadler for suggesting and supporting this remake.", "items": [], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 354374, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3619/#media_group_354374", "widget": "Video player", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "The complete narrated visualization
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Snow falls often, and if it melts it is likely to freeze again and add to the accumulation of ice that can date back thousands of millennia. If you can see the ground, it is frozen. If you cannot see the ground, it could be sitting under ice miles thick, like in Antarctica. This is the cryosphere, those regions of Earth from the North and South poles to mountain ranges near the Equator where water is found in solid form. The cryosphere covers many landscapes, but remains dominated by the polar regions. A cover of floating sea ice cracks, shrinks and expands constantly over the Arctic. Sheets of ice cover the bases of mountain ranges and cling to craggy bedrock in Antarctica and Greenland—the two ice sheets alone account for 90 percent of the fresh water on the planet. These regions of the cryosphere are important to scientists because they regulate global climate and are seeing more dramatic climate-driven changes than other regions. The Arctic is warming faster than any spot on Earth while receding and accelerating glaciers in Antarctica and Greenland raise the concern of sea level rise. Watch in the narrated tour below how NASA uses its satellite fleet to observe the remote reaches of the cryosphere. || ", "release_date": "2011-10-18T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:34.743652-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 482783, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010840/cryoHD1080p_v56zs_still.4000_1024x576.jpg", "filename": "cryoHD1080p_v56zs_still.4000_1024x576.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The vast majority of the world's fresh water is frozen in ice sheets, glaciers and snow caps.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 10763, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10763/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Racing off the Edge of Greenland", "description": "Once known for its size, the Jakobshavn Glacier in Greenland is now studied for its speed. In 1997 Jakobshavn ended a decades-long period of stability as it began to thin, accelerate and eject ice into the sea at a rapid rate. The glacier thinned by as much as 50 feet (15 m) per year between 1997 and 2003, according to NASA laser altimetry measurements, while other Greenland glaciers were thinning by about three feet (1 m) per year. The glacier now moves at more than nine miles (15 km) per year, doubling its speed from a decade ago. The glacier's calving front has retreated more than six miles (10 km) in the past decade alone. Scientists point to several warming-related causes for the increase in speed and retreat: meltwater can trickle through cracks in the ice and lubricate the friction point between ice and bedrock, and warmer ocean waters underneath the ice shelf also cause thinning. The thinner ice shelf and meltwater reduce resistance to glacier movement. As a glaciology case study and the greatest potential contributor to sea level rise in the Northern Hemisphere, scientists will continue to watch Jakobshavn closely. || ", "release_date": "2011-08-16T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:41.587065-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 484084, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010700/a010763/Jakobshavn_ortho_68.94N_69.39N_49.212W_51.372W_1024x576.jpg", "filename": "Jakobshavn_ortho_68.94N_69.39N_49.212W_51.372W_1024x576.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Draining as much as 10 percent of Greenland's land ice, this speedy glacier has scientists' attention.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }