The animation begins by showing the regions of warm water that are favorable for storm development advancing northward through the peak of hurricane season and then receding as the waters cool. The thermal energy in these warm waters powers the hurricanes. Strong shearing winds in the troposphere can disrupt developing young storms, but measurements indicate that there was very little shearing wind activity in 2005 to impede storm formation.
Sea surface temperatures, clouds, storm tracks, and hurricane category labels are shown as the hurricane season progresses.
This visualization shows some of the actual data that NASA and NOAA satellites measured in 2005 — data used to predict the paths and intensities of hurricanes. Satellite data play a vital role in helping us understand the land, ocean, and atmosphere systems that have such dramatic effects on our lives.
NOTE: This animation shows the named storms from the 2005 hurricane season. During a re-analysis of 2005, NOAA's Tropical Prediction Center/National Hurricane Center determined that a short-lived subtropcial storm developed near the Azores Islands in late September, increasing the 2005 tropical storm count from 27 to 28. This storm was not named and is not shown in this animation.
'27 Storms: Arlene to Zeta' played in the SIGGRAPH 2007 Computer Animation Festival in August 2007. It was also a finalist in the 2006 NSF Science and Engineering Visualization Challenge.",
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"description": "See [http://www.nasa.gov/hurricane](http://www.nasa.gov/hurricane)",
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{
"id": 11016,
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"page_type": "Produced Video",
"title": "Simulated Nature Runs Its Course",
"description": "The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season smashed records with 28 named storms, four Category 5 hurricanes (including Wilma, the all-time strongest), and the costliest U.S. natural disaster (Katrina). A NASA Goddard climate model called GEOS-5 revisited the season as part of a gigantic two-year simulation to better understand the processes of weather and climate. Seeded with observed sea surface temperatures—a key driver of hurricane formation—the model simulated weather events worldwide. One of the highest resolutions to date for a full-Earth model was used to run the simulation, taxing Goddard's Discover supercomputer for weeks. In total, the model spawned 23 Atlantic hurricanes and tropical storms during 2005—an impressive comparison to the actual number observed—and demonstrated an increased ability to model how these volatile cyclones change intensity as they evolve. The visualization shows simulated storms for September 2005 emerging and churning across the North Atlantic. || ",
"release_date": "2012-07-31T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:52:52.846115-04:00",
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"title": "27 Storms: Arlene To Zeta",
"description": "By the numbers the 2005 Atlantic tropical storm season was unlike any other: A total 27 tropical storms, including 15 hurricanes, made it a record-breaking year. The season also gave rise to Katrina, one of the most intense and costliest hurricanes that resulted in 1,200 deaths and more than $100 billion in damages. The unusually high frequency and strength of these tropical storms were linked to favorable development conditions observed in the ocean and atmosphere between the Caribbean Sea and west coast of Africa where they form. Easterly winds blowing off the African continent seeded the Atlantic with a large number of proto-hurricanes—swirling air masses that grow over tropical waters. Ideal open ocean wind patterns on the surface and high above permitted storm clouds to easily mature into vigorous convective cells—the building blocks of hurricanes. Warmer ocean surface waters slightly above their 80 degrees Fahrenheit average further strengthened the storms and sent the spinning hurricanes into overdrive. The visualization below tracks the paths of all 27 tropical storms that made up this historical year. || ",
"release_date": "2011-10-06T00:00:00-04:00",
"update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:35.721222-04:00",
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"media_type": "Image",
"alt_text": "Find out what fueled one of the worst hurricane seasons in history.",
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