Complete transcript available.
", "items": [ { "id": 222848, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 379967, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013800/a013807/Screen_Shot_2021-02-10_at_9.41.20_AM_print.jpg", "filename": "Screen_Shot_2021-02-10_at_9.41.20_AM_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Music: \"Hidden Movement\" Universal Production Music Complete transcript available.", "width": 1024, "height": 569, "pixels": 582656 } }, { "id": 222847, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 379966, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013800/a013807/Screen_Shot_2021-02-10_at_9.41.20_AM.png", "filename": "Screen_Shot_2021-02-10_at_9.41.20_AM.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Music: \"Hidden Movement\" Universal Production Music Complete transcript available.", "width": 2267, "height": 1261, "pixels": 2858687 } }, { "id": 222849, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 379969, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013800/a013807/Screen_Shot_2021-02-10_at_9.41.20_AM_searchweb.png", "filename": "Screen_Shot_2021-02-10_at_9.41.20_AM_searchweb.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Music: \"Hidden Movement\" Universal Production Music Complete transcript available.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } }, { "id": 222850, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 379971, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013800/a013807/Screen_Shot_2021-02-10_at_9.41.20_AM_thm.png", "filename": "Screen_Shot_2021-02-10_at_9.41.20_AM_thm.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Music: \"Hidden Movement\" Universal Production Music Complete transcript available.", "width": 80, "height": 40, "pixels": 3200 } }, { "id": 222846, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 379970, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013800/a013807/CFC_11_RC_5.webm", "filename": "CFC_11_RC_5.webm", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Music: \"Hidden Movement\" Universal Production Music Complete transcript available.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 222851, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 379968, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013800/a013807/13807_CFC11.mp4", "filename": "13807_CFC11.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Music: \"Hidden Movement\" Universal Production Music Complete transcript available.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 222845, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 849073, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013800/a013807/CFC11RC5.en_US.srt", "filename": "CFC11RC5.en_US.srt", "media_type": "Captions", "alt_text": "Music: \"Hidden Movement\" Universal Production Music Complete transcript available.", "label": "English", "language_code": "" } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 318040, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13807/#media_group_318040", "widget": "Basic text with HTML", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "NASA computer models help scientists identify an uptick in emissions of CFC-11, an ozone-depleting gas, in the atmosphere. NASA and NOAA work together, as part of a long-running research partnership, monitoring efforts on stratospheric ozone. This research continues their partnership, joining scientists from MIT and the University of Bristol.", "items": [], "extra_data": {} } ], "studio": "GMS", "funding_sources": [ "ESE" ], "credits": [ { "role": "Producer", "people": [ { "name": "Kathleen Gaeta", "employer": "GSFC Interns" } ] }, { "role": "Writer", "people": [ { "name": "Lara Streiff", "employer": "GSFC Interns" } ] }, { "role": "Scientist", "people": [ { "name": "Qing Liang", "employer": "USRA" }, { "name": "Paul Newman", "employer": "NASA/GSFC" } ] } ], "missions": [], "series": [ "Narrated Movies" ], "tapes": [], "papers": [], "datasets": [], "nasa_science_categories": [ "Earth" ], "keywords": [ "air quality", "Atmosphere", "Atmospheric Chemistry", "Atmospheric science", "CFCs", "Chemistry", "Earth Science", "Emissions", "Environmental science", "GEOS", "Ozone depletion", "Ozone Hole" ], "recommended_pages": [], "related": [], "sources": [ { "id": 12797, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12797/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA Evaluates New Threats to Earth’s Ozone Layer", "description": "Complete transcript available. || Ozone_future_concerns_2017.00060_print.jpg (1024x576) [57.9 KB] || Ozone_future_concerns_2017.00060_searchweb.png (320x180) [55.6 KB] || Ozone_future_concerns_2017.00060_thm.png (80x40) [4.4 KB] || Ozone_future_concerns_2017.mp4 (1920x1080) [638.6 MB] || Ozone_future_concerns_2017.webm (1920x1080) [21.6 MB] || Ozone_future_concerns_2017.en_US.srt [3.9 KB] || Ozone_future_concerns_2017.en_US.vtt [3.9 KB] || ", "release_date": "2017-12-08T16:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:47:08.863500-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 408476, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012700/a012797/Ozone_future_concerns_2017.00060_print.jpg", "filename": "Ozone_future_concerns_2017.00060_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Complete transcript available.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 12708, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12708/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA Watches 30 Years of Ozone Success", "description": "Thirty years ago, the nations of the world agreed to the landmark ‘Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.’ The Protocol limited the release of ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the atmosphere. Since the 1960s, NASA scientists have worked with NOAA researchers to study the ozone layer, using a combination of satellite, aircraft and balloon measurements of the atmosphere.Things have been improving in the 30 years since the Montreal Protocol. Thanks to the agreement, the concentration of CFCs in the atmosphere has been decreasing, and the ozone hole maximum has been smaller since a record in 2006.From the ground and space, NASA science offers a unique perspective of Earth, helping to identify challenges and find solutions to benefit the planet. || ", "release_date": "2017-09-16T07:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:47:22.327239-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 411415, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012700/a012708/LARGE_MP4-Montreal_Protocol_30_large.00001_print.jpg", "filename": "LARGE_MP4-Montreal_Protocol_30_large.00001_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Music: Future Generation by Laurent Dury [SACEM]", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 3973, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3973/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "The Story of Ozone Depletion", "description": "The Antarctic ozone hole is caused by human-produced chlorine-containing chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and bromine-containing halons. These compounds had a variety of commercial uses, including hair sprays, refrigerants, and fire suppressants.This story about the cause of ozone depletion was originally developed for the NASA hyperwall, where nine different animations can be shown simultaneously. The animations shown here are derived from the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) model and cover two periods. The first period is from August through November 2004, and the second is from December 2004 through March 2005. The first period animations are shown on this page. The second period animations may be downloaded through the Download links below.The chlorine compounds that destroy ozone have now been regulated under the international Montreal Protocol agreement. Because of this agreement, the ozone hole is projected to disappear around 2060-2070. NASA and the international community continue to monitor Antarctic ozone. || ", "release_date": "2016-10-13T17:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-11-14T00:02:56.063181-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 419299, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003900/a003973/t-2004-08-01T00_print.jpg", "filename": "t-2004-08-01T00_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The ozone hole develops during the southern hemisphere winter and spring. Winter begins as the sun sets over Antarctic in the March-April period. Because of the absence of sunlight during the dark polar night, the lower stratosphere cools off. This animation shows temperature. In the August-September period, temperatures are below -70 degrees Celsius (203.15 degrees Kelvin) over a wide region.", "width": 1024, "height": 512, "pixels": 524288 } }, { "id": 11869, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11869/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA On Air: Big Ozone Holes Headed For Extinction By 2040 (5/8/2015)", "description": "LEAD: NASA scientists report that the ozone hole over Antarctica is slowly recovering.1. The ozone hole is the result of man-made chlorine and bromine chemicals reacting with thin ice clouds at 60,000 feet where temperatures are bitterly cold, less than –110 Degrees Fahrenheit.2. The ozone hole varies from twice to three times the size of the United States.3. Since the Montreal Protocol agreement in 1987, emissions have been regulated and ozone-depleting chemical levels have been slowly declining.4. With a new analysis, NASA scientists say that the ozone hole will be consistently smaller than less than twice the United States.TAG: Scientists will continue to use satellites to monitor the recovery of the ozone hole and they hope to see its full recovery before the end of the century. || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_print.jpg (1024x576) [115.0 KB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_searchweb.png (320x180) [78.1 KB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_web.png (320x180) [78.1 KB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_thm.png (80x40) [5.4 KB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_1920x1080.mov (1920x1080) [648.2 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_1280x720.mov (1280x720) [766.3 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_NBC_Today.mov (1920x1080) [241.4 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_WEA_CEN.wmv (1280x720) [17.3 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_converted.avi (1280x720) [19.0 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_baron.mp4 (1920x1080) [20.6 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_prores.mov (1920x1080) [518.5 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_960x540.m4v (960x540) [71.1 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1280x720.m4v (1280x720) [116.2 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180.m4v (1920x1080) [241.4 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_960x540.webm (960x540) [3.4 MB] || ", "release_date": "2015-05-08T10:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:49:43.999273-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 443357, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011800/a011869/WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_print.jpg", "filename": "WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "LEAD: NASA scientists report that the ozone hole over Antarctica is slowly recovering.1. The ozone hole is the result of man-made chlorine and bromine chemicals reacting with thin ice clouds at 60,000 feet where temperatures are bitterly cold, less than –110 Degrees Fahrenheit.2. The ozone hole varies from twice to three times the size of the United States.3. Since the Montreal Protocol agreement in 1987, emissions have been regulated and ozone-depleting chemical levels have been slowly declining.4. With a new analysis, NASA scientists say that the ozone hole will be consistently smaller than less than twice the United States.TAG: Scientists will continue to use satellites to monitor the recovery of the ozone hole and they hope to see its full recovery before the end of the century.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 4272, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4272/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "What Would have Happened to the Ozone Layer if Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) had not been Regulated? (UPDATED)", "description": "World Avoided Ozone Full AnimationThis video is also available on our YouTube channel. || world_avoided_robinson.1830_print.jpg (1024x576) [70.0 KB] || world_avoided_robinson.1830_searchweb.png (320x180) [38.8 KB] || world_avoided_robinson.1830_thm.png (80x40) [4.7 KB] || frames/1920x1080_16x9_30p/full_movie/ (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || world_avoided_robinson_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [26.3 MB] || world_avoided_robinson_1080.webm (1920x1080) [7.2 MB] || world_avoided_robinson_4272.pptx [27.2 MB] || world_avoided_robinson_4272.key [29.8 MB] || ", "release_date": "2015-02-09T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-11-14T00:06:00.154619-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 446640, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004200/a004272/world_avoided_robinson.1830_print.jpg", "filename": "world_avoided_robinson.1830_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "World Avoided Ozone Full AnimationThis video is also available on our YouTube channel.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 11626, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11626/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Ozone-Depleting Compound Persists", "description": "Earth's atmosphere contains an unexpectedly large amount of an ozone-depleting compound from an unknown source decades after the compound was banned worldwide.The compound, carbon tetrachloride, was used in applications such as dry cleaning and as a fire-extinguishing agent, until its regulation in 1987 under the Montreal Protocol along with other chlorofluorocarbons that destroy ozone and contribute to the ozone hole over Antarctica. Parties to the Montreal Protocol reported zero new emissions between 2007-2012.However, new research led by Qing Liang at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, shows that worldwide emissions of carbon tetrachloride average 39 kilotons per year – approximately 30 percent of peak emissions prior to the international treaty going into effect. Now that scientists have quantified the emissions they can begin investigating where they are coming from. Are there industrial leakages, large emissions from contaminated sites, or some other unknown source? || ", "release_date": "2014-08-20T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:39.277105-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 452654, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011600/a011626/11626-1280-MASTER_youtube_hq_print.jpg", "filename": "11626-1280-MASTER_youtube_hq_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "For complete transcript, click here.Scientists at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center provide an overview of the findings in this video.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 826, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/826/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Chemical Model Animation of CFCs Releasing Chlorine to Form Reservoir Gases", "description": "Most stratospheric chlorine comes from man-made compounds called chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs. CFCs, widely used in refrigerators and air conditioners, are quite harmless and non-reactive in the lower atmosphere. Carried slowly upward by the earth's winds, they can survive the 5 year journey to the upper stratosphere. Here, above most of the ozone layer, the sun's ultraviolet radiation breaks down the CFCs into the more reactive chlorine compounds that destroy ozone. Chlorine can react with methane to form hydrogen chloride. Chlorine can also react with ozone forming the radical chlorine monoxide. Chlorine monoxide then combines with the radical nitrogen dioxide to form stable chlorine nitrate. Chlorine nitrate and hydrogen chloride are called reservoir gases for the chlorine radical. These reservoir gases usually contain more than ninety percent of the chlorine in the lower stratosphere. || ", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:59:04.372887-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 541589, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a000800/a000826/a000826_pre.jpg", "filename": "a000826_pre.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "CFCs being broken up by UV radiation and the formation of hydrogen chloride and chlorine nitrate from the resulting chlorine", "width": 320, "height": 242, "pixels": 77440 } } ], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }