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Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center

Music: \"Insight\" from Universal Production Music

Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.

Complete transcript available.

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Astronomers have been vexed by a decade-long puzzle about one type of cosmic particle arriving from beyond the solar system. Positrons, the antimatter version of electrons, turn out to unusually abundant near Earth.

A neutron star is the crushed core left behind when a star much more massive than the Sun runs out of fuel, collapses under its own weight and explodes as a supernova. We see some neutron stars as pulsars, rapidly spinning objects emitting beams of radio waves, light, X-rays and gamma rays that, much like a lighthouse, regularly sweep across our line of sight.

Geminga (pronounced geh-MING-ga) is among the brightest pulsars at gamma-ray energies.
To study its halo, scientists had to subtract out all other sources of gamma rays, including diffuse light produced by cosmic ray collisions with interstellar gas clouds. Ten different models of interstellar emission were evaluated.

What remained when these sources were removed was a vast, oblong glow spanning some 20 degrees — about 40 times the apparent size of a full Moon — at an energy of 10 billion electron volts (GeV), and even larger at lower energies.

The team determined that Geminga alone could be responsible for as much as 20% of the high-energy positrons seen by other space experiments. Extrapolating this to the cumulative emission of positrons from all pulsars in our galaxy, the scientists say it’s clear that pulsars remain the best explanation for the observed excess of positrons.", "items": [], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 321285, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13209/#media_group_321285", "widget": "Video player", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "Same as above, but without on-screen text blocks.", "items": [ { "id": 232002, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395802, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/13209_Fermi_Geminga_Halo_NOTEXT_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.01495_print.jpg", "filename": "13209_Fermi_Geminga_Halo_NOTEXT_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.01495_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Same as above, but without on-screen text blocks.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 231999, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395801, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/13209_Fermi_Geminga_Halo_NOTEXT_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov", "filename": "13209_Fermi_Geminga_Halo_NOTEXT_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Same as above, but without on-screen text blocks.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 232000, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395800, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/13209_Fermi_Geminga_Halo_NOTEXT_1080_Best.mp4", "filename": "13209_Fermi_Geminga_Halo_NOTEXT_1080_Best.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Same as above, but without on-screen text blocks.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 232001, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395799, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/13209_Fermi_Geminga_Halo_NOTEXT_1080_Best.webm", "filename": "13209_Fermi_Geminga_Halo_NOTEXT_1080_Best.webm", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Same as above, but without on-screen text blocks.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 321286, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13209/#media_group_321286", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "This model of Geminga's gamma-ray halo shows how the emission changes at different energies, a result of two effects. The first is the pulsar's rapid motion through space over the decade Fermi's Large Area Telescope has observed it. Second, lower-energy particles travel much farther from the pulsar before they interact with starlight and boost it to gamma-ray energies. This is why the gamma-ray emission covers a larger area at lower energies. One GeV represents 1 billion electron volts — billions of times the energy of visible light.

Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/M. Di Mauro

GIF version", "items": [ { "id": 232003, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395803, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/Geminga_Model_Labels.gif", "filename": "Geminga_Model_Labels.gif", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This model of Geminga's gamma-ray halo shows how the emission changes at different energies, a result of two effects. The first is the pulsar's rapid motion through space over the decade Fermi's Large Area Telescope has observed it. Second, lower-energy particles travel much farther from the pulsar before they interact with starlight and boost it to gamma-ray energies. This is why the gamma-ray emission covers a larger area at lower energies. One GeV represents 1 billion electron volts — billions of times the energy of visible light. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/M. Di MauroGIF version", "width": 800, "height": 800, "pixels": 640000 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 321287, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13209/#media_group_321287", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "Unlabeled version of the above.

Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/M. Di Mauro

GIF version", "items": [ { "id": 232004, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395804, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/Geminga_Model_No_Labels.gif", "filename": "Geminga_Model_No_Labels.gif", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Unlabeled version of the above.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/M. Di MauroGIF version", "width": 800, "height": 800, "pixels": 640000 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 321288, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13209/#media_group_321288", "widget": "Video player", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "Halo model with labels, video version.

Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/M. Di Mauro", "items": [ { "id": 232008, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395807, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/Geminga_Model_Labels_Still.jpg", "filename": "Geminga_Model_Labels_Still.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Halo model with labels, video version. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/M. Di Mauro", "width": 1380, "height": 1380, "pixels": 1904400 } }, { "id": 232005, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395805, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/Geminga_Model_Labels_ProRes.mov", "filename": "Geminga_Model_Labels_ProRes.mov", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Halo model with labels, video version. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/M. Di Mauro", "width": 1380, "height": 1380, "pixels": 1904400 } }, { "id": 232006, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395808, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/Fermi_Geminga_GR_labels.mp4", "filename": "Fermi_Geminga_GR_labels.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Halo model with labels, video version. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/M. Di Mauro", "width": 1080, "height": 1080, "pixels": 1166400 } }, { "id": 232007, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395806, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/Geminga_Model_Labels_ProRes.webm", "filename": "Geminga_Model_Labels_ProRes.webm", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Halo model with labels, video version. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/M. Di Mauro", "width": 1380, "height": 1380, "pixels": 1904400 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 321289, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13209/#media_group_321289", "widget": "Video player", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "Unlabeled version of the above.

Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/M. Di Mauro

Video version", "items": [ { "id": 232012, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395811, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/Geminga_Model_No_LabelsStill.jpg", "filename": "Geminga_Model_No_LabelsStill.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Unlabeled version of the above.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/M. Di MauroVideo version", "width": 1380, "height": 1380, "pixels": 1904400 } }, { "id": 232009, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395810, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/Geminga_Model_No_Labels_ProRes.webm", "filename": "Geminga_Model_No_Labels_ProRes.webm", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Unlabeled version of the above.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/M. Di MauroVideo version", "width": 1380, "height": 1380, "pixels": 1904400 } }, { "id": 232010, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395812, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/Fermi_Geminga_GR_no_labels.mp4", "filename": "Fermi_Geminga_GR_no_labels.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Unlabeled version of the above.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/M. Di MauroVideo version", "width": 1080, "height": 1080, "pixels": 1166400 } }, { "id": 232011, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395809, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/Geminga_Model_No_Labels_ProRes.mov", "filename": "Geminga_Model_No_Labels_ProRes.mov", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Unlabeled version of the above.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/M. Di MauroVideo version", "width": 1380, "height": 1380, "pixels": 1904400 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 321290, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13209/#media_group_321290", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "This animation shows a region of the sky centered on the pulsar Geminga. The first image shows the total number of gamma rays detected by Fermi’s Large Area Telescope at energies from 8 to 1,000 billion electron volts (GeV) — billions of times the energy of visible light — over the past decade. By removing all bright sources, astronomers discovered the pulsar’s faint, extended gamma-ray halo.

Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration

", "items": [ { "id": 232013, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395813, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/Fermi_Geminga_GR_labels.gif", "filename": "Fermi_Geminga_GR_labels.gif", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This animation shows a region of the sky centered on the pulsar Geminga. The first image shows the total number of gamma rays detected by Fermi’s Large Area Telescope at energies from 8 to 1,000 billion electron volts (GeV) — billions of times the energy of visible light — over the past decade. By removing all bright sources, astronomers discovered the pulsar’s faint, extended gamma-ray halo. Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration ", "width": 500, "height": 500, "pixels": 250000 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 321291, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13209/#media_group_321291", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "Unlabeled version of the above.

Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration ", "items": [ { "id": 232014, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395814, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/Fermi_Geminga_GR_no_labels.gif", "filename": "Fermi_Geminga_GR_no_labels.gif", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Unlabeled version of the above.Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration ", "width": 500, "height": 500, "pixels": 250000 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 321292, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13209/#media_group_321292", "widget": "Video player", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "This video opens on a region of the sky centered on the pulsar Geminga. The image shows the total number of gamma rays detected by Fermi’s Large Area Telescope at energies from 8 to 1,000 billion electron volts (GeV) — billions of times the energy of visible light — over the past decade. By removing all bright sources, astronomers discovered the pulsar’s faint, extended gamma-ray halo.

Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration

", "items": [ { "id": 232018, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395817, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/Fermi_Geminga_GR_labels_Still.jpg", "filename": "Fermi_Geminga_GR_labels_Still.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This video opens on a region of the sky centered on the pulsar Geminga. The image shows the total number of gamma rays detected by Fermi’s Large Area Telescope at energies from 8 to 1,000 billion electron volts (GeV) — billions of times the energy of visible light — over the past decade. By removing all bright sources, astronomers discovered the pulsar’s faint, extended gamma-ray halo. Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration ", "width": 1080, "height": 1080, "pixels": 1166400 } }, { "id": 232015, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395815, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/Fermi_Geminga_GR_labels_ProRes.mov", "filename": "Fermi_Geminga_GR_labels_ProRes.mov", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "This video opens on a region of the sky centered on the pulsar Geminga. The image shows the total number of gamma rays detected by Fermi’s Large Area Telescope at energies from 8 to 1,000 billion electron volts (GeV) — billions of times the energy of visible light — over the past decade. By removing all bright sources, astronomers discovered the pulsar’s faint, extended gamma-ray halo. Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration ", "width": 1080, "height": 1080, "pixels": 1166400 } }, { "id": 232016, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395818, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/Geminga_Model_Labels.mp4", "filename": "Geminga_Model_Labels.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "This video opens on a region of the sky centered on the pulsar Geminga. The image shows the total number of gamma rays detected by Fermi’s Large Area Telescope at energies from 8 to 1,000 billion electron volts (GeV) — billions of times the energy of visible light — over the past decade. By removing all bright sources, astronomers discovered the pulsar’s faint, extended gamma-ray halo. Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration ", "width": 1380, "height": 1380, "pixels": 1904400 } }, { "id": 232017, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395816, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/Fermi_Geminga_GR_labels_ProRes.webm", "filename": "Fermi_Geminga_GR_labels_ProRes.webm", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "This video opens on a region of the sky centered on the pulsar Geminga. The image shows the total number of gamma rays detected by Fermi’s Large Area Telescope at energies from 8 to 1,000 billion electron volts (GeV) — billions of times the energy of visible light — over the past decade. By removing all bright sources, astronomers discovered the pulsar’s faint, extended gamma-ray halo. Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration ", "width": 1080, "height": 1080, "pixels": 1166400 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 321293, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13209/#media_group_321293", "widget": "Video player", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "Unlabeled version of the above.

Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "items": [ { "id": 232022, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395821, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/Fermi_Geminga_GR_no_labels_Still.jpg", "filename": "Fermi_Geminga_GR_no_labels_Still.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Unlabeled version of the above.Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "width": 1080, "height": 1080, "pixels": 1166400 } }, { "id": 232019, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395819, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/Fermi_Geminga_GR_no_labels_ProRes.mov", "filename": "Fermi_Geminga_GR_no_labels_ProRes.mov", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Unlabeled version of the above.Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "width": 1080, "height": 1080, "pixels": 1166400 } }, { "id": 232020, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395822, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/Geminga_Model_No_Labels.mp4", "filename": "Geminga_Model_No_Labels.mp4", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Unlabeled version of the above.Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "width": 1380, "height": 1380, "pixels": 1904400 } }, { "id": 232021, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395820, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/Fermi_Geminga_GR_no_labels_ProRes.webm", "filename": "Fermi_Geminga_GR_no_labels_ProRes.webm", "media_type": "Movie", "alt_text": "Unlabeled version of the above.Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "width": 1080, "height": 1080, "pixels": 1166400 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 321294, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13209/#media_group_321294", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "Starlight interacting with particles travelling close the speed of light can be boosted to gamma-ray energies. This animation shows the process, known as inverse Compton scattering. Light ranging from microwave to ultraviolet wavelengths collides with a fast-moving particle and transforms into a gamma ray, the highest-energy form of light.

Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center

", "items": [ { "id": 232023, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395823, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/Inverse_Compton.gif", "filename": "Inverse_Compton.gif", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Starlight interacting with particles travelling close the speed of light can be boosted to gamma-ray energies. This animation shows the process, known as inverse Compton scattering. Light ranging from microwave to ultraviolet wavelengths collides with a fast-moving particle and transforms into a gamma ray, the highest-energy form of light. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center", "width": 1000, "height": 562, "pixels": 562000 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 321295, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13209/#media_group_321295", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "These images show a region of the sky centered on the pulsar Geminga. Left: The total number of gamma rays detected by Fermi’s Large Area Telescope at energies from 8 to 1,000 billion electron volts (GeV) — billions of times the energy of visible light — over the past decade. Brighter colors correspond to greater numbers of gamma rays. Right: By removing all bright sources, astronomers discovered the pulsar’s faint, extended gamma-ray halo.

Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration

", "items": [ { "id": 232024, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395824, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/total_vs_residuals_labeled.jpg", "filename": "total_vs_residuals_labeled.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "A new study of observations from NASA’s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has discovered a faint but sprawling glow around a nearby pulsar. If visible to the human eye, this gamma-ray “halo” would appear larger in the sky than the famed Big Dipper star pattern. This structure may provide the solution to a long-standing mystery about the amount of antimatter in our neighborhood. \n\nAstronomers have been vexed by a decade-long puzzle about one type of cosmic particle arriving from beyond the solar system. Positrons, the antimatter version of electrons, turn out to unusually abundant near Earth.\n\nA neutron star is the crushed core left behind when a star much more massive than the Sun runs out of fuel, collapses under its own weight and explodes as a supernova. We see some neutron stars as pulsars, rapidly spinning objects emitting beams of radio waves, light, X-rays and gamma rays that, much like a lighthouse, regularly sweep across our line of sight.\n\nGeminga (pronounced geh-MING-ga) is among the brightest pulsars at gamma-ray energies. \nTo study its halo, scientists had to subtract out all other sources of gamma rays, including diffuse light produced by cosmic ray collisions with interstellar gas clouds. Ten different models of interstellar emission were evaluated. \n\nWhat remained when these sources were removed was a vast, oblong glow spanning some 20 degrees — about 40 times the apparent size of a full Moon — at an energy of 10 billion electron volts (GeV), and even larger at lower energies.\n\nThe team determined that Geminga alone could be responsible for as much as 20% of the high-energy positrons seen by other space experiments. Extrapolating this to the cumulative emission of positrons from all pulsars in our galaxy, the scientists say it’s clear that pulsars remain the best explanation for the observed excess of positrons.", "width": 3841, "height": 2164, "pixels": 8311924 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 321296, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13209/#media_group_321296", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "Unlabeled version of the above.

Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "items": [ { "id": 232025, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 395825, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013209/total_vs_residuals_no_labels.jpg", "filename": "total_vs_residuals_no_labels.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Unlabeled version of the above.Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "width": 3841, "height": 2164, "pixels": 8311924 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 321297, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13209/#media_group_321297", "widget": "Basic text", "title": "For More Information", "caption": "", "description": "See [https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/nasa-s-fermi-mission-links-nearby-pulsar-s-gamma-ray-halo-to-antimatter-puzzle](https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/nasa-s-fermi-mission-links-nearby-pulsar-s-gamma-ray-halo-to-antimatter-puzzle)", "items": [], "extra_data": {} } ], "studio": "GMS", "funding_sources": [ "NASA Astrophysics" ], "credits": [ { "role": "Science writer", "people": [ { "name": "Francis Reddy", "employer": "University of Maryland College Park" } ] }, { "role": "Producer", "people": [ { "name": "Scott Wiessinger", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Scientist", "people": [ { "name": "Mattia Di Mauro", "employer": "Catholic University of America" } ] } ], "missions": [ "Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope" ], "series": [ "Astrophysics Features", "Astrophysics Stills", "Narrated Movies" ], "tapes": [], "papers": [], "datasets": [ { "name": "", "common_name": "", "platform": "Fermi", "sensor": null, "type": "Other", "organizations": [], "description": "", "credit": "", "url": "", "date_range": null } ], "nasa_science_categories": [ "Universe" ], "keywords": [ "Antimatter", "Ast", "Astrophysics", "Fermi", "Gamma Ray", "Neutron Star", "Positron", "Pulsar", "Space" ], "recommended_pages": [], "related": [ { "id": 14434, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14434/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA’s Fermi Mission Finds 300 Gamma-Ray Pulsars", "description": "This visualization shows 294 gamma-ray pulsars, first plotted on an image of the entire starry sky as seen from Earth and then transitioning to a view from above our galaxy. The symbols show different types of pulsars. Young pulsars blink in real time except for the Crab, which pulses slower because its rate is only slightly lower than the video frame rate. Millisecond pulsars remain steady, pulsing too quickly to see. The Crab, Vela, and Geminga were among the 11 gamma-ray pulsars known before Fermi launched. Other notable objects are also highlighted. Distances are shown in light-years (abbreviated ly).Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic: \"Fascination\" from Universal Production MusicWatch this video on the NASA.gov Video YouTube channel.Complete transcript available. || Pulsar_Still.jpg (3840x2160) [3.5 MB] || Pulsar_Still_searchweb.png (320x180) [105.5 KB] || Pulsar_Still_thm.png (80x40) [7.0 KB] || 14434_Fermi_Pulsar_Locations_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [93.9 MB] || 14434_Fermi_Pulsar_Locations_1080.webm (1920x1080) [10.0 MB] || 14434_Fermi_Pulsar_Locations_ProRes_3840x2160_2997.mov (3840x2160) [4.5 GB] || 14434_Fermi_Pulsar_Locations_4k_Best.mp4 (3840x2160) [689.2 MB] || 14434_Fermi_Pulsar_Locations_4k_Good.mp4 (3840x2160) [112.8 MB] || Pulsar_Captions.en_US.srt [46 bytes] || Pulsar_Captions.en_US.vtt [56 bytes] || ", "release_date": "2023-11-28T09:20:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-11-02T14:45:42.228176-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 859987, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014400/a014434/Pulsar_Still.jpg", "filename": "Pulsar_Still.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This visualization shows 294 gamma-ray pulsars, first plotted on an image of the entire starry sky as seen from Earth and then transitioning to a view from above our galaxy. The symbols show different types of pulsars. Young pulsars blink in real time except for the Crab, which pulses slower because its rate is only slightly lower than the video frame rate. Millisecond pulsars remain steady, pulsing too quickly to see. The Crab, Vela, and Geminga were among the 11 gamma-ray pulsars known before Fermi launched. Other notable objects are also highlighted. Distances are shown in light-years (abbreviated ly).Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic: \"Fascination\" from Universal Production MusicWatch this video on the NASA.gov Video YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }