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How has the atmosphere been lost—and how quickly are gases escaping now? These are the questions that NASA’s MAVEN spacecraft will explore when it reaches the planet on September 21, 2014. Scientists believe Mars once had a thicker atmosphere that may have been gradually lost to space. The change would have had a considerable impact on the planet’s climate, liquid water and habitability, ultimately shaping the world we see today. Using a suite of instruments aboard the spacecraft, researchers will probe Mars’ upper atmosphere from orbit to study the processes that led to the thinning of its atmosphere over billions of years. Watch the video to learn more. || ", "release_date": "2014-09-02T11:45:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:50:37.663740-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 452317, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011600/a011600/c-1024_print.jpg", "filename": "c-1024_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "NASA's MAVEN spacecraft is due to arrive at the Red Planet later this month.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 11403, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11403/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "MAVEN National Air and Space Museum Presentation", "description": "Ancient riverbeds, crater lakes and flood channels all attest to Mars's warm, watery past. So how did the Red Planet evolve from a once hospitable world into the cold, dry desert that we see today? One possibility is that Mars lost its early atmosphere, allowing its water to escape into space, and NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft will investigate just that. On September 25, 2013, MAVEN Principal Investigator Bruce Jakosky delivered a presentation at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, discussing NASA's next mission to Mars. An edited version appears below. || ", "release_date": "2013-11-08T11:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:51:28.810164-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 461116, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011400/a011403/MAVEN_NASM_thumbnail.jpg", "filename": "MAVEN_NASM_thumbnail.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN) is NASA's next mission to Mars, designed to figure out how the Red Planet lost its early atmosphere to space. Principal Investigator Bruce Jakosky discusses Mars's missing atmosphere and the challenges of building the MAVEN spacecraft.For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "pixels": 921600 } }, { "id": 11037, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11037/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "MAVEN: Mars Atmospheric Loss", "description": "When you take a look at Mars, you probably wouldn't think that it looks like a nice place to live. It's dry, it's dusty, and there's practically no atmosphere. But some scientists think that Mars may have once looked like a much nicer place to live, with a thicker atmosphere, cloudy skies, and possibly even liquid water flowing over the surface. So how did Mars transform from a warm, wet world to a cold, barren desert? NASA's MAVEN spacecraft will give us a clearer idea of how Mars lost its atmosphere (and thus its water), and scientists think that several processes have had an impact.Learn more about these processes in the videos below! || ", "release_date": "2013-11-05T11:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:51:30.463843-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 472343, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011000/a011037/G2012-098_Mars_neutral_MASTER_youtube_hq01602_print.jpg", "filename": "G2012-098_Mars_neutral_MASTER_youtube_hq01602_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "NEUTRAL PROCESSES Scientists think that the collision of neutral hydrogen molecules may have helped to drive the Martian atmosphere into space over billions of years.For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 11295, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11295/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "MAVEN Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph", "description": "The philosophy of NASA's Mars Program has been \"Follow the water,\" but \"Where did the atmosphere go?\" is still a lingering question. Although fluvial features such as dry riverbeds are visible on Mars, the atmosphere today is too thin to support liquid water, implying that Mars once had a thicker atmosphere that was lost to space. NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN Mission, or MAVEN, will test this hypothesis. As part of its remote sensing instrument package, MAVEN's Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) will look at isotopic hydrogen ratios in the upper atmosphere of Mars, helping scientists to determine just how much water once flowed across the Red Planet. || ", "release_date": "2013-06-13T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:52:04.787227-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 464471, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011200/a011295/G2013-028_MAVEN_IUVS_MASTER01727_print.jpg", "filename": "G2013-028_MAVEN_IUVS_MASTER01727_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "MAVEN will use its Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) to study the upper atmosphere of Mars in unprecedented detail, helping scientists to determine what happened to the planet's ancient atmosphere - and its liquid water.Watch this video on the NASAexplorer YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }