WEBVTT FILE 1 00:00:07.007 --> 00:00:09.242 Hi, my name is Dr. Kelly Korreck 2 00:00:09.242 --> 00:00:12.645 and I am the Program Manager for the Solar Eclipse at NASA. 3 00:00:13.079 --> 00:00:16.416 I am so excited to be here today with you all to talk 4 00:00:16.416 --> 00:00:20.387 about the April 8th, 2024 total solar eclipse. 5 00:00:20.754 --> 00:00:25.558 So on the screen, you can see the image of the path of totality. 6 00:00:26.026 --> 00:00:28.061 So this eclipse is a solar eclipse 7 00:00:28.061 --> 00:00:31.831 where the Sun is momentarily blocked by the Moon, 8 00:00:32.165 --> 00:00:35.668 and along this path is where you will actually see that. 9 00:00:35.969 --> 00:00:38.004 And not just see that action, 10 00:00:38.004 --> 00:00:41.341 but then once the Moon is completely covering the Sun 11 00:00:41.908 --> 00:00:45.311 you will see the Sun's outer corona, or atmosphere, 12 00:00:45.445 --> 00:00:49.416 and that's where our origins of space weather come from. 13 00:00:49.416 --> 00:00:53.086 So this is a really interesting and beautiful thing to behold. 14 00:00:53.353 --> 00:00:58.224 So in this path, there are 31.5 million people who live who live in that 15 00:00:58.224 --> 00:01:01.194 path and around 200 million who live 16 00:01:01.194 --> 00:01:04.197 within a few hours drive of that path. 17 00:01:04.497 --> 00:01:07.000 And the entire continental United States, 18 00:01:07.000 --> 00:01:10.937 as well as parts of Alaska and Hawaii, will be seeing a partial eclipse. 19 00:01:10.937 --> 00:01:14.140 So that's about 300 - over 300 million 20 00:01:14.140 --> 00:01:17.444 people will experience a part of this celestial event. 21 00:01:17.477 --> 00:01:20.480 So it's a really neat opportunity 22 00:01:20.547 --> 00:01:23.450 to participate in NASA science 23 00:01:23.450 --> 00:01:27.420 and be able to view this safely, because we do want to make sure to view 24 00:01:27.420 --> 00:01:31.224 this safely and also talk a little bit more about the safety messaging. 25 00:01:31.624 --> 00:01:32.525 Next slide. 26 00:01:35.261 --> 00:01:37.130 And this is an 27 00:01:37.130 --> 00:01:40.600 image of what you might see in the path of totality. 28 00:01:40.600 --> 00:01:41.434 And so, again, 29 00:01:41.434 --> 00:01:46.339 the Moon is completely blocking the Sun and you're seeing that outer atmosphere. 30 00:01:46.639 --> 00:01:50.076 You might see some striations or some rays that go out from the Sun. 31 00:01:50.944 --> 00:01:54.080 That's the solar wind that is streaming away from the Sun’s - 32 00:01:54.080 --> 00:01:58.418 things that we study to better understand our star as well as then 33 00:01:58.418 --> 00:02:00.286 that space weather that affects 34 00:02:00.286 --> 00:02:03.289 our can affect our daily lives that Jamie will talk more about. 35 00:02:03.756 --> 00:02:06.759 So with that, we'll move to Alex and see. 36 00:02:08.328 --> 00:02:09.295 Good morning. 37 00:02:09.295 --> 00:02:10.730 I'm Dr. Alex Lockwood. 38 00:02:10.730 --> 00:02:14.601 I am the Eclipse Engagement Lead on behalf of NASA. 39 00:02:14.934 --> 00:02:17.737 And yes, we have some really important messages 40 00:02:17.737 --> 00:02:20.740 that we need to convey to the public for this event. 41 00:02:21.141 --> 00:02:24.144 As Kelly mentioned, a huge population of the U.S. 42 00:02:24.144 --> 00:02:26.779 will actually just be able to walk outside and witness this. 43 00:02:26.779 --> 00:02:29.382 But in order to really appreciate the full event, 44 00:02:29.382 --> 00:02:34.487 we have provided over 2 million solar viewing glasses 45 00:02:34.754 --> 00:02:37.824 across the country to members of the public. 46 00:02:38.625 --> 00:02:42.295 So these solar viewing glasses are ISO certified. 47 00:02:42.295 --> 00:02:45.298 And the number here is on the screen for what that certification 48 00:02:45.298 --> 00:02:48.535 is to make it safe to look directly at the Sun with these viewers. 49 00:02:48.835 --> 00:02:52.705 Now, during the totality itself, which can last up to 4 minutes 50 00:02:52.839 --> 00:02:54.174 in different parts of the U.S., 51 00:02:55.675 --> 00:02:56.843 you don't need the glasses. 52 00:02:56.843 --> 00:02:59.846 You can actually look at the Sun for the only time during the daytime, 53 00:02:59.979 --> 00:03:03.917 and you will see that beautiful corona image that Kelly just shared. 54 00:03:04.284 --> 00:03:07.820 However, before and after, as the Moon is eclipsing the Sun 55 00:03:08.087 --> 00:03:11.891 in order to witness this event and to see these spectacular Baily's 56 00:03:11.925 --> 00:03:14.727 Beads that happen just as you see the craters of the Moon, 57 00:03:14.727 --> 00:03:16.663 right, as the Moon is fully covering the Sun, 58 00:03:16.663 --> 00:03:20.300 in order to appreciate all of that phenomenon you need these glasses. 59 00:03:21.234 --> 00:03:25.705 So we do want to warn that there have been some fakes that are out in the market 60 00:03:26.306 --> 00:03:29.275 that we witnessed previously and are currently witnessing 61 00:03:29.809 --> 00:03:32.812 on, you know, major online sellers. 62 00:03:32.946 --> 00:03:37.584 So one of the best ways we've been asked is how do you test these glasses? 63 00:03:37.584 --> 00:03:41.120 Well, if you hold up your cell phone camera on the back, there's a flashlight. 64 00:03:41.120 --> 00:03:44.123 And if you use these to look at the cell phone camera, 65 00:03:44.123 --> 00:03:48.027 you should only see a tiny point of light and absolutely nothing else. 66 00:03:48.261 --> 00:03:50.797 So that's a pretty good way to test these. 67 00:03:50.797 --> 00:03:53.199 You want to be very careful and only look at the Sun 68 00:03:53.199 --> 00:03:55.435 with ISO certified safety glasses. 69 00:03:55.435 --> 00:03:58.871 If you do not have these viewing glasses, there's still plenty of ways 70 00:03:58.871 --> 00:04:01.674 to witness the partial or total solar eclipse. 71 00:04:03.343 --> 00:04:05.178 And that is 72 00:04:05.178 --> 00:04:08.181 using indirect viewing methods such as a pinhole projector. 73 00:04:08.514 --> 00:04:13.886 So there's plenty of resources on our website science dot nasa dot gov 74 00:04:13.886 --> 00:04:16.990 slash eclipses on how to make your own pinhole 75 00:04:16.990 --> 00:04:20.260 projector at home. Very easy activity that you can create - 76 00:04:20.260 --> 00:04:22.762 it's an activity for kids as well. 77 00:04:22.762 --> 00:04:24.831 But your most basic instrument 78 00:04:24.831 --> 00:04:27.834 that you probably have ever cooked pasta at home is a colander. 79 00:04:28.067 --> 00:04:31.070 You can take a colander from your kitchen, walk outside, 80 00:04:31.204 --> 00:04:35.208 and the projection through the colander holes onto the ground 81 00:04:35.208 --> 00:04:39.512 or whatever surface you have, will be that of the Sun. 82 00:04:39.779 --> 00:04:42.982 And you'll be able to witness a partial or total solar eclipse this way. 83 00:04:43.116 --> 00:04:46.119 So very easy at home activities 84 00:04:47.186 --> 00:04:48.254 to view the eclipse safely. 85 00:04:48.254 --> 00:04:50.857 Additionally, we have lots of other at home activities 86 00:04:50.857 --> 00:04:53.960 that you can do for learners of all ages online. 87 00:04:54.527 --> 00:04:58.865 Again, this QR code will point you straight to our website 88 00:04:59.098 --> 00:05:02.402 with all of those activities, including an activity 89 00:05:02.402 --> 00:05:06.172 with UV beads, which are very easy to purchase online, 90 00:05:06.806 --> 00:05:12.612 you know, and inexpensive and respond to the UV light from from the Sun. 91 00:05:12.612 --> 00:05:15.081 So that's a fun activity for kids. 92 00:05:15.081 --> 00:05:18.251 We also have activities where you can draw what you think you'll see 93 00:05:18.384 --> 00:05:22.689 when that beautiful corona happens during totality and several others. 94 00:05:22.689 --> 00:05:24.357 So we encourage you to go online. 95 00:05:24.357 --> 00:05:28.494 There's lots of very easy at home activities for folks to do 96 00:05:29.896 --> 00:05:30.496 before, 97 00:05:30.496 --> 00:05:34.300 during and after the eclipse and for the eclipse itself. 98 00:05:34.300 --> 00:05:39.005 NASA has lots of events going on across the path of totality, which - 99 00:05:39.572 --> 00:05:42.809 so we have events all the way from Texas, all the way up to Maine. 100 00:05:43.776 --> 00:05:48.314 We are sending lots of NASA personnel to give talks, to serve, to give out 101 00:05:48.314 --> 00:05:52.285 safety messaging and to give out some of these glasses and other resources 102 00:05:53.786 --> 00:05:55.388 to make sure everyone has a safe but 103 00:05:55.388 --> 00:05:58.391 also enjoyable experience. Because this is really a, 104 00:05:58.958 --> 00:06:01.961 this is really an opportunity to to be with your community 105 00:06:02.395 --> 00:06:05.865 and to witness an incredible phenomenon together. 106 00:06:06.232 --> 00:06:07.533 This is the last one in the U.S. 107 00:06:07.533 --> 00:06:12.038 for over 20 years, and it is happening in just a few short months away. 108 00:06:12.872 --> 00:06:16.376 So and finally, additionally, in addition 109 00:06:16.376 --> 00:06:20.246 to several major in-person events along the path of totality, 110 00:06:20.847 --> 00:06:24.650 NASA will also be doing a live broadcast from 1 to 4 p.m. Eastern 111 00:06:24.650 --> 00:06:29.822 on the day of the eclipse, where we will be showing views from 112 00:06:31.023 --> 00:06:33.292 Mexico, the U.S. 113 00:06:33.292 --> 00:06:36.596 of the telescope views of the 114 00:06:36.596 --> 00:06:40.466 the totality as it passes over the U.S. 115 00:06:40.700 --> 00:06:44.103 and talking about the science that NASA does around the eclipses, 116 00:06:44.303 --> 00:06:47.874 how to view an eclipse safely, and how to continue to connect 117 00:06:47.874 --> 00:06:49.675 with NASA and NASA science 118 00:06:49.675 --> 00:06:52.645 well after this event has passed. 119 00:06:52.645 --> 00:06:57.250 So to talk more about NASA science and space weather in particular, Jamie. 120 00:06:57.984 --> 00:07:00.586 Thank you, Alex. 121 00:07:00.586 --> 00:07:01.654 So good morning, everyone. 122 00:07:01.654 --> 00:07:02.955 My name is Jamie Favors. 123 00:07:02.955 --> 00:07:06.025 I'm the director of NASA's Space Weather Program in the Heliophysics division 124 00:07:06.959 --> 00:07:10.163 and rolling that beautiful solar footage in the background as we chat. 125 00:07:10.163 --> 00:07:12.532 A little bit on the space weather side of the eclipse, 126 00:07:12.532 --> 00:07:14.500 I think that's kind of the really exciting part of, 127 00:07:14.500 --> 00:07:17.603 you know, this eclipse as any eclipse is pretty exciting on its own. 128 00:07:17.603 --> 00:07:19.005 The fact we're actually going to be very close 129 00:07:19.005 --> 00:07:22.975 to solar maximum for this solar eclipse adds a pretty interesting dynamic here. 130 00:07:23.576 --> 00:07:26.446 So we partner with NOAA with the Space Weather Prediction Center, 131 00:07:26.446 --> 00:07:27.947 very similar to terrestrial weather. 132 00:07:27.947 --> 00:07:30.950 Space Weather Prediction Center is the official source of the forecast 133 00:07:30.983 --> 00:07:31.851 when it comes to space 134 00:07:31.851 --> 00:07:33.920 weather alerts and warnings there. 135 00:07:33.920 --> 00:07:37.056 Most recent forecast for solar maximum is to occur actually 136 00:07:37.056 --> 00:07:41.394 this year, 2024, sometime between now, January and October. 137 00:07:41.394 --> 00:07:44.831 So this is very likely right at the peak of solar 138 00:07:44.831 --> 00:07:47.834 maximum for this cycle that this eclipse will be happening. 139 00:07:48.100 --> 00:07:49.969 And as you kind of heard Kelly talking about, 140 00:07:49.969 --> 00:07:53.439 you know, we're always observing the Sun, actually, as we look at the eclipse 141 00:07:53.439 --> 00:07:54.307 glasses, it's 142 00:07:54.307 --> 00:07:55.675 not so dissimilar to the way 143 00:07:55.675 --> 00:07:58.678 we think about some of our really sophisticated instruments in space 144 00:07:58.678 --> 00:08:01.481 and here on Earth about using filters to be able to observe the Sun 145 00:08:01.481 --> 00:08:03.649 in different ways to protect those sensitive instruments 146 00:08:03.649 --> 00:08:06.986 but be able to really peer in and understand the way the Sun works 147 00:08:07.286 --> 00:08:09.088 to better answer those questions about space weather. 148 00:08:09.088 --> 00:08:12.859 So if we're lucky, we may actually be having space weather events occurring, 149 00:08:12.859 --> 00:08:16.262 solar flares or CME’s right around the time of that eclipse. 150 00:08:16.696 --> 00:08:19.465 And they're causing that corona, as Kelly was talking about, to 151 00:08:19.465 --> 00:08:22.401 not just be pretty static looking just with, know, normal solar wind, 152 00:08:22.401 --> 00:08:25.705 but we may actually see the fingerprints of a recent solar eruption 153 00:08:25.938 --> 00:08:29.642 actually in that corona, actually see very dynamic structures in that outer - 154 00:08:29.876 --> 00:08:32.678 the corona features out there for the atmosphere of the Sun 155 00:08:32.678 --> 00:08:35.882 as it really first starts to move into interplanetary space. 156 00:08:35.882 --> 00:08:38.317 So that's the part I'm really excited about to kind of wait. 157 00:08:38.317 --> 00:08:41.654 So we start leading up closer and closer to that day to kind of see is the Sun 158 00:08:41.654 --> 00:08:44.924 going to give us something exciting to see from space weather perspective, 159 00:08:44.924 --> 00:08:48.160 but just for a curiosity sake to be able to see those features out there. 160 00:08:48.160 --> 00:08:51.430 So I think that kind of tells the story in the space weather side. 161 00:08:51.430 --> 00:08:53.199 I think it's personally here too. 162 00:08:53.199 --> 00:08:56.202 I'm a meteorologist and hemispheric scientist by background, 163 00:08:56.202 --> 00:08:57.803 have a lot of friends who went into the broadcast 164 00:08:57.803 --> 00:09:00.206 meteorology field and I'm really excited for that day 165 00:09:00.206 --> 00:09:01.974 where we also talk about space weather 166 00:09:01.974 --> 00:09:04.043 as we talk about weather on the local forecast 167 00:09:04.043 --> 00:09:06.946 at night and talking about those impacts as we think about them here on Earth. 168 00:09:06.946 --> 00:09:09.215 There's a lot of ways where the Sun actually touches 169 00:09:09.215 --> 00:09:11.150 and influences our lives in ways we don't often 170 00:09:11.150 --> 00:09:14.787 think about, whether it's, you know, the signals we have from GPS signals 171 00:09:15.054 --> 00:09:18.791 coming through the atmosphere, the way we use radio propagation, impacts 172 00:09:18.791 --> 00:09:23.262 on satellites and spacecraft in space just everyday life, the way, you know, 173 00:09:23.262 --> 00:09:27.233 even animals migrate depend on things that can be impacted by space weather. 174 00:09:27.233 --> 00:09:32.004 So it's I think we realize maybe less than is actual true about how often 175 00:09:32.305 --> 00:09:35.408 the Sun and those features that are you know 94 million miles 176 00:09:35.408 --> 00:09:38.844 away from us actually come in and touch our lives every single day. 177 00:09:44.517 --> 00:09:46.586 All right, Thanks very much. 178 00:09:46.586 --> 00:09:49.021 We will now open it up for Q&A. 179 00:09:49.021 --> 00:09:52.291 So for people in the room, if you can just head to the mic 180 00:09:52.959 --> 00:09:55.494 and please state your name and your affiliation. 181 00:09:55.494 --> 00:09:58.431 And if you're directing your question to a specific person. 182 00:09:58.431 --> 00:10:00.766 And then just a reminder for everyone that we are recording 183 00:10:00.766 --> 00:10:02.835 and we'll post this online later. 184 00:10:02.835 --> 00:10:03.970 All right. Go ahead. 185 00:10:03.970 --> 00:10:06.906 Hi Todd Glickman, WCBS Radio, New York City. 186 00:10:06.906 --> 00:10:11.577 Will NASA or NOAA be making cloud cover forecasts within a few 187 00:10:11.577 --> 00:10:14.814 days of the event to help steer the public to the right places along the path? 188 00:10:16.315 --> 00:10:18.484 So those forecasts do come out regularly. 189 00:10:18.484 --> 00:10:19.852 I mean, the sources will be out there. 190 00:10:19.852 --> 00:10:21.687 I don't know if we're doing anything special to connect them 191 00:10:21.687 --> 00:10:25.658 to anything on the necessary, but NOAA is responsible for it. 192 00:10:26.125 --> 00:10:27.693 NOAA is responsible for the weather. 193 00:10:27.693 --> 00:10:31.364 Yeah, but I suspect it'd be the same products that are always available. 194 00:10:31.364 --> 00:10:34.867 But know, hopefully they'll do a path specific 195 00:10:35.234 --> 00:10:37.570 public information statement within a couple of days. 196 00:10:39.038 --> 00:10:39.639 That's a good idea. 197 00:10:39.639 --> 00:10:42.642 That's great. Yes. 198 00:10:48.047 --> 00:10:49.715 And thanks for the talk. 199 00:10:49.715 --> 00:10:55.254 I'm Ben Cathey from WVLT in Knoxville and we're in the east side of the States s 200 00:10:55.254 --> 00:10:59.291 we’ll only be in a partial eclipse, but there's a tiny, tiny, tiny sliver 201 00:10:59.692 --> 00:11:02.695 of northwest Tennessee in the path of totality. 202 00:11:03.362 --> 00:11:04.897 What is the difference going to be 203 00:11:04.897 --> 00:11:08.300 in your time under totality from kind of like 204 00:11:08.300 --> 00:11:12.204 the centroid of the path versus the edge of totality? 205 00:11:13.973 --> 00:11:16.008 There is a difference. 206 00:11:16.008 --> 00:11:18.577 So the center of the path is where you're going to get the maximum 207 00:11:18.577 --> 00:11:24.016 length on towards the edge is when it's going to be more like seconds. 208 00:11:24.016 --> 00:11:27.019 So the center is going to be for four and a half minutes, 209 00:11:27.286 --> 00:11:30.022 the sides are going to be 20 to 30 seconds. 210 00:11:30.022 --> 00:11:34.493 So if you can go a little further in, it is into the centerline. 211 00:11:34.493 --> 00:11:36.162 That's where you're going to get maximum totality. 212 00:11:36.162 --> 00:11:39.799 But even for a brief second, the experience is well worth it. 213 00:11:45.004 --> 00:11:45.504 All right. 214 00:11:45.504 --> 00:11:48.507 While we wait and see if there are any other questions in the room, 215 00:11:49.341 --> 00:11:52.845 one that I have is I would love for someone to tell us 216 00:11:52.845 --> 00:11:55.948 a little bit more about some of the NASA science experiments 217 00:11:55.948 --> 00:11:58.951 that are going on during the eclipse. 218 00:12:00.219 --> 00:12:01.387 Great question. 219 00:12:01.387 --> 00:12:04.690 We we are using the eclipse in many different ways. 220 00:12:04.690 --> 00:12:07.593 First of all, to look at our our Star the Sun. 221 00:12:07.593 --> 00:12:13.065 So we have one WB 57 airplane with two experiments onboard 222 00:12:13.766 --> 00:12:16.569 that will look at the solar corona, 223 00:12:16.569 --> 00:12:20.506 as well as study that outflow, as well as look 224 00:12:20.506 --> 00:12:25.077 for some of the dust that's around our star. And you might think 225 00:12:25.077 --> 00:12:30.516 dust is boring but it's not. It's actually the remnants of how the star was made. 226 00:12:30.516 --> 00:12:31.150 And so that's 227 00:12:31.150 --> 00:12:34.887 why it's interesting to understand the process of how the planetary formation 228 00:12:34.887 --> 00:12:38.424 in the stellar formation, so little information about dust as well. 229 00:12:38.891 --> 00:12:42.294 Then we will be using ground based assets. 230 00:12:42.294 --> 00:12:45.264 So things like radio, radio arrays 231 00:12:45.431 --> 00:12:49.435 to look at this, at the star our Sun 232 00:12:49.635 --> 00:12:54.173 and take those really active regions that we see at the solar maximum, 233 00:12:54.373 --> 00:12:58.644 and as the moon perfectly covers them and goes across the disk, 234 00:12:58.644 --> 00:13:02.782 they'll take different signals to actually be able to see in height 235 00:13:03.015 --> 00:13:05.785 what is going on. 236 00:13:05.785 --> 00:13:06.952 A neat technique there. 237 00:13:06.952 --> 00:13:11.090 And then we will be using this eclipse to test our atmosphere. 238 00:13:11.824 --> 00:13:14.426 So our atmosphere has this charged layer 239 00:13:14.426 --> 00:13:17.396 that we use, the bounced communication signals to. 240 00:13:17.396 --> 00:13:20.232 And so we have folks, the HamSCI, 241 00:13:20.232 --> 00:13:22.735 who are using ham radios to do this test. 242 00:13:22.735 --> 00:13:25.738 We are also doing other tests through actually 243 00:13:25.738 --> 00:13:28.741 a series of three rockets launched from Wallops 244 00:13:28.874 --> 00:13:31.277 and there will be one before, during 245 00:13:31.277 --> 00:13:34.713 and after the eclipse to study again that ionosphere and that collapse, 246 00:13:34.713 --> 00:13:38.050 when that happens, when we have that sudden day night switch. 247 00:13:38.417 --> 00:13:40.286 And so those are some of them. 248 00:13:40.286 --> 00:13:42.621 There's also citizen science projects. 249 00:13:42.621 --> 00:13:44.723 Does anyone want to take citizen science? I can keep going. 250 00:13:46.025 --> 00:13:47.259 These are very, very exciting. 251 00:13:47.259 --> 00:13:50.262 So we also have citizen science projects 252 00:13:50.296 --> 00:13:54.567 from the Globe Observer app where folks can download 253 00:13:54.567 --> 00:13:58.571 an app and help take observations of the temperature 254 00:13:58.571 --> 00:14:02.441 and what they're seeing during an eclipse and what they're experiencing. 255 00:14:02.641 --> 00:14:06.178 There's Eclipse Soundscapes, which is listening to the eclipse. 256 00:14:06.879 --> 00:14:10.916 And this is the sounds that happen because animals do think it's nighttime. 257 00:14:10.916 --> 00:14:12.651 So there are different, 258 00:14:12.651 --> 00:14:16.355 different things that happen and that you hear during the day and then they 259 00:14:17.056 --> 00:14:20.426 during the day to night transition during the eclipse and then back to day. 260 00:14:21.026 --> 00:14:23.996 So that's being recorded and sonified 261 00:14:24.296 --> 00:14:27.266 and I think that that's anybody, 262 00:14:27.266 --> 00:14:30.269 any of the other ones that I'm forgetting right now? 263 00:14:30.736 --> 00:14:34.740 Yeah HamSCI and yeah the eclipse. Yep. 264 00:14:34.740 --> 00:14:37.376 So Soundscape and and Globe Observer. There we go. 265 00:14:39.044 --> 00:14:41.513 Thank you. 266 00:14:41.513 --> 00:14:42.381 All right. 267 00:14:42.381 --> 00:14:44.750 Oh, all right. 268 00:14:44.750 --> 00:14:47.286 I had a few more questions if I can just, 269 00:14:47.286 --> 00:14:50.289 I can just run them off. 270 00:14:51.223 --> 00:14:54.126 For the glasses from the last eclipse, 271 00:14:54.126 --> 00:14:57.129 I've been told there's, like, an expiration. 272 00:14:58.731 --> 00:14:59.932 What's the danger 273 00:14:59.932 --> 00:15:04.837 in using an older pair of eclipse glasses from a few years ago? 274 00:15:05.371 --> 00:15:09.041 And how widespread of an issue 275 00:15:09.041 --> 00:15:12.144 are eye problems after? 276 00:15:12.144 --> 00:15:15.114 Do you guys have any kind of data on that? 277 00:15:18.550 --> 00:15:21.754 So in terms of the the glasses certification, 278 00:15:22.021 --> 00:15:23.923 what I would do with your glasses is test them. 279 00:15:23.923 --> 00:15:25.824 Even if you have a brand new pair. 280 00:15:25.824 --> 00:15:29.128 I would test them internally as we were talking about with the cell phone, 281 00:15:29.128 --> 00:15:33.866 that you should only see a pinpoint from that flashlight after you use them. 282 00:15:34.300 --> 00:15:39.171 So if they are not damaged and you have tested them 283 00:15:39.171 --> 00:15:42.374 indoors without looking at the Sun, that's telling. 284 00:15:42.374 --> 00:15:47.346 That was telling us that they should be relatively safe to view the Sun. 285 00:15:47.980 --> 00:15:51.984 In terms of the widespread damage, we've - we did a lot of - or widespread damage. 286 00:15:52.151 --> 00:15:56.355 The fact that there wasn't any was because we get the safety message out 287 00:15:56.355 --> 00:16:00.225 and folks are very good about actually understanding 288 00:16:00.225 --> 00:16:03.395 that they need either a pair of glasses or an indirect viewing method. 289 00:16:03.629 --> 00:16:04.964 There's actually a lot of fun ways - 290 00:16:04.964 --> 00:16:09.301 you can even use your hair to do these pinhole projections. 291 00:16:09.802 --> 00:16:13.138 You can use your fingers too. You put your back to the Sun 292 00:16:13.138 --> 00:16:15.641 and put your fingers out to the side and pinhole project. 293 00:16:15.641 --> 00:16:17.509 So they - I think there's a lot of interesting ways. 294 00:16:17.509 --> 00:16:19.311 So we have not seen, 295 00:16:20.379 --> 00:16:23.115 you know, many cases of solar retinopathy 296 00:16:23.115 --> 00:16:28.087 and we'd have to - I'd have to go to the, you know, opticians to see how many cases. 297 00:16:28.087 --> 00:16:30.856 But there is not widespread reports. 298 00:16:30.856 --> 00:16:33.492 But I think being partners with the broadcast community and 299 00:16:33.492 --> 00:16:36.595 sharing these messages is part of why we haven't seen some of those issues, too. 300 00:16:36.595 --> 00:16:36.862 Right. 301 00:16:36.862 --> 00:16:39.898 It's all of us sharing that good message out there about the cool parts 302 00:16:39.898 --> 00:16:42.901 of the eclipse, but also staying safe. So. 303 00:16:43.802 --> 00:16:45.537 All right. Thanks. 304 00:16:45.537 --> 00:16:49.875 You know, last eclipse, I did a piece with the blind community 305 00:16:49.875 --> 00:16:53.479 about how they experience the eclipse because it's such a collective 306 00:16:54.213 --> 00:16:56.815 time for people, and they're kind of left out. 307 00:16:56.815 --> 00:17:00.452 I know NASA had an app which was, you know, vibration based. 308 00:17:00.853 --> 00:17:04.957 Are there any other new tools for underserved communities at this time? 309 00:17:09.428 --> 00:17:10.596 Yeah, that's a great question. 310 00:17:10.596 --> 00:17:13.732 So we do have some teams - who are, some of our student 311 00:17:13.732 --> 00:17:16.802 teams have created as they take measurements 312 00:17:16.802 --> 00:17:20.072 they've created a tactile version of recording those measurements. 313 00:17:20.672 --> 00:17:22.541 And so we're working in Indiana. 314 00:17:22.541 --> 00:17:25.544 There's a student team there who's working with the Indiana 315 00:17:26.278 --> 00:17:29.048 Association for the Blind or I'm sorry, I'm getting the acronym messed up. 316 00:17:29.048 --> 00:17:33.352 But but we're making connections there with actual science experiments. 317 00:17:33.619 --> 00:17:39.792 We also have tactile books that talk about eclipses and the path of the eclipse 318 00:17:40.059 --> 00:17:43.062 that we're passing out at all of our NASA locations. 319 00:17:43.796 --> 00:17:46.865 And the Eclipse Soundscapes project is really one of those 320 00:17:46.865 --> 00:17:50.736 unique opportunities where, you know, we are encouraging folks 321 00:17:50.736 --> 00:17:55.174 to close their eyes for at least a few seconds, if not longer, 322 00:17:55.474 --> 00:17:58.911 and witness how other communities 323 00:17:58.911 --> 00:18:02.281 will experience this event, which, you know, 324 00:18:04.083 --> 00:18:05.751 is actually pretty incredible. 325 00:18:05.751 --> 00:18:09.388 You can, you feel the temperature change, you hear the sounds and, 326 00:18:09.588 --> 00:18:12.591 you know, the atmosphere and the animals respond. 327 00:18:13.926 --> 00:18:18.230 So we have put as much thought, 328 00:18:18.330 --> 00:18:21.333 you know, we've put a lot of thought into how do we share this 329 00:18:21.700 --> 00:18:24.703 with others, because it's a communal time 330 00:18:25.204 --> 00:18:27.172 and that is for everyone. 331 00:18:27.172 --> 00:18:30.175 You know, the sun touches everything and affects everyone's lives. 332 00:18:30.242 --> 00:18:33.879 And that's what we are celebrating here, not just folks with, 333 00:18:33.912 --> 00:18:36.915 you know, sight. So. 334 00:18:37.349 --> 00:18:38.517 Yeah, just one more. Sorry. 335 00:18:38.517 --> 00:18:41.520 I'm like the annoying guy on the sports radio show. 336 00:18:42.521 --> 00:18:46.024 What do you think as far as hotels being booked up already or do 337 00:18:46.024 --> 00:18:49.895 you think it'll be closer to the event when we get a better idea on the forecast? 338 00:18:52.531 --> 00:18:53.932 From our current experience, 339 00:18:53.932 --> 00:18:57.970 there are definitely locales where hotels are already sold out 340 00:18:58.570 --> 00:19:01.807 and then there are some locales where you could find a hotel room or two. 341 00:19:02.174 --> 00:19:07.546 So I would advise making your plans a little bit earlier than you might usually, 342 00:19:08.213 --> 00:19:11.817 although we all know that eclipse chasers will probably make multiple 343 00:19:11.817 --> 00:19:14.319 so that they can change based on the weather. 344 00:19:14.319 --> 00:19:14.686 All right. 345 00:19:14.686 --> 00:19:16.054 I know we've talked a little bit 346 00:19:16.054 --> 00:19:19.124 about the weather and how that can affect the experience, 347 00:19:19.958 --> 00:19:23.362 but I guess I would like to hear a little bit more about other factors 348 00:19:23.362 --> 00:19:25.330 that people might want to consider as they're making plans. 349 00:19:25.330 --> 00:19:28.167 For example, the the NASA events that are going on. 350 00:19:28.167 --> 00:19:31.303 You know, what should people be taking into consideration? 351 00:19:33.505 --> 00:19:34.773 Yeah, and, 352 00:19:34.773 --> 00:19:39.444 you know, and in addition to the hotels, there are several major cities 353 00:19:39.444 --> 00:19:43.549 along the path who have been planning for years to 354 00:19:43.849 --> 00:19:47.719 to celebrate this incredible event and to accommodate the large crowds. 355 00:19:48.453 --> 00:19:51.757 Those include Rochester, Niagara Falls, 356 00:19:51.757 --> 00:19:55.027 Buffalo, all in New York, Erie, Pennsylvania. 357 00:19:55.027 --> 00:19:56.161 Cleveland, Ohio. 358 00:19:56.161 --> 00:19:57.663 Toledo, Ohio. 359 00:19:57.663 --> 00:20:00.632 Indianapolis, Indiana. 360 00:20:00.933 --> 00:20:03.035 And Dallas, Texas. 361 00:20:03.035 --> 00:20:06.004 Definitely Dallas and Waco and Austin, all. 362 00:20:06.371 --> 00:20:06.872 You know this. 363 00:20:06.872 --> 00:20:09.875 That's just a few of the major cities that are along this path. 364 00:20:10.242 --> 00:20:15.047 So in - so different cities are taking different preparation measures. 365 00:20:15.581 --> 00:20:18.050 For example, the city of Austin is very much encouraging 366 00:20:18.050 --> 00:20:21.119 folks to stay where they are and not gather centrally. 367 00:20:21.987 --> 00:20:24.990 So for locals just to kind of, 368 00:20:25.057 --> 00:20:28.060 you know, shelter in place, as it were, 369 00:20:28.327 --> 00:20:31.330 understanding that there will be a large influx of other people. 370 00:20:31.597 --> 00:20:34.833 But in terms of emergency management, you know, crowds, 371 00:20:34.833 --> 00:20:37.836 traffic management, all of these cities are taking this very seriously. 372 00:20:38.570 --> 00:20:42.608 You can find lots of information both on individual city websites, 373 00:20:42.874 --> 00:20:47.646 but also at science dot nasa dot gov slash eclipses slash events. 374 00:20:48.380 --> 00:20:51.516 So NASA has partnered with several of these cities 375 00:20:51.783 --> 00:20:56.255 to not only bring up NASA's presence, but ensure that we are making 376 00:20:56.421 --> 00:21:00.192 you know, we are insuring people's safety, both safety with glasses, 377 00:21:00.759 --> 00:21:03.595 but also physical safety, you know, and mental 378 00:21:03.595 --> 00:21:06.832 well-being to make sure that there are facilities for everyone. 379 00:21:08.000 --> 00:21:10.469 So currently we have 380 00:21:10.469 --> 00:21:14.606 12 cities that NASA is partnering with along the path of totality. 381 00:21:15.040 --> 00:21:17.042 And but we will be sending 382 00:21:17.042 --> 00:21:20.946 speakers to dozens more locations both on and off the path of totality, 383 00:21:20.946 --> 00:21:24.783 because as was mentioned everywhere in the contiguous U.S. 384 00:21:24.783 --> 00:21:29.421 will experience a partial eclipse, which is still a very rare 385 00:21:29.421 --> 00:21:32.424 and cool phenomenon. 386 00:21:34.660 --> 00:21:35.727 And I would also say 387 00:21:35.727 --> 00:21:38.730 you can choose your own adventure here. 388 00:21:38.864 --> 00:21:41.733 So if you really love parks in the outdoors, 389 00:21:41.733 --> 00:21:44.736 you can see the eclipse at a national park or a local park. 390 00:21:44.803 --> 00:21:48.607 If you are more of a city dweller, just make sure that you can see it over 391 00:21:48.607 --> 00:21:51.610 the building that you that you've chosen to put yourself near. 392 00:21:51.843 --> 00:21:52.978 But that might be exciting. 393 00:21:52.978 --> 00:21:55.981 Or on a football field, you know, a stadium or something like that. 394 00:21:56.315 --> 00:21:57.783 That might be a good choice. 395 00:21:57.783 --> 00:22:00.752 So part of it is designing the whole experience 396 00:22:00.752 --> 00:22:05.023 that you want to have, you know, choosing the city or state, or 397 00:22:05.157 --> 00:22:08.360 you know, park along the path that you'd like to actually celebrate in. 398 00:22:10.429 --> 00:22:11.096 Great. 399 00:22:11.096 --> 00:22:14.333 And talking about how people can participate in the eclipse. 400 00:22:14.333 --> 00:22:17.336 I know we talked about some of the citizen science projects 401 00:22:18.470 --> 00:22:21.773 and, you know, I think that can seem a little bit intimidating to people. 402 00:22:21.773 --> 00:22:24.242 But can you talk about some of the projects 403 00:22:24.242 --> 00:22:27.713 that people can really just like go out in their backyard, pick up their phone 404 00:22:27.713 --> 00:22:30.716 and do? 405 00:22:31.016 --> 00:22:33.151 I'll talk about it. 406 00:22:33.151 --> 00:22:34.319 So, for instance, 407 00:22:34.319 --> 00:22:38.290 the Globe Observer app, again, is something that you can simply download. 408 00:22:38.290 --> 00:22:41.626 And we are encouraging folks to maybe even prep ahead of time 409 00:22:41.626 --> 00:22:45.430 because you can also record cloud cover or do other activities with this. 410 00:22:45.697 --> 00:22:48.200 And so it's an app that's downloadable. 411 00:22:48.200 --> 00:22:52.237 Folks can register and then you simply go outside in your backyard 412 00:22:52.471 --> 00:22:55.507 and make observations and type it , or 413 00:22:56.041 --> 00:22:58.443 you know, press buttons in your phone, record things with your phone. 414 00:22:58.443 --> 00:23:02.514 So this is a relatively easy way to participate in science 415 00:23:03.281 --> 00:23:08.153 and really get a feel for what we do in terms of data collection. 416 00:23:10.255 --> 00:23:11.022 Great. 417 00:23:11.022 --> 00:23:13.892 All right, Jamie, I know you talked a little bit about how we can 418 00:23:13.892 --> 00:23:17.062 see the corona and some of those sources of space weather during the eclipse. 419 00:23:17.763 --> 00:23:21.233 And can you talk a little bit more about the other ways that we look at space 420 00:23:21.233 --> 00:23:24.803 weather, how we're gathering that data and what our scientists do with it? 421 00:23:26.037 --> 00:23:26.505 Sure. 422 00:23:26.505 --> 00:23:32.043 So there's you know, as a kid, I kind of always thought of our Star the Sun. 423 00:23:32.043 --> 00:23:33.445 It's a pretty static feature, 424 00:23:33.445 --> 00:23:35.947 just like one color, even though I wasn't looking at it. 425 00:23:35.947 --> 00:23:38.183 I promise. 426 00:23:38.183 --> 00:23:41.520 And I realize, you know, especially getting later in life in turn, 427 00:23:41.520 --> 00:23:42.754 you're kind of understanding, 428 00:23:42.754 --> 00:23:45.490 especially with more sophisticated, you know, instrumentation 429 00:23:45.490 --> 00:23:48.693 that we can put in space and here on the Earth, like we can measure 430 00:23:48.693 --> 00:23:49.795 in lots of different wavelengths, 431 00:23:49.795 --> 00:23:52.798 looking at different temperature profiles, energy profiles in the star, 432 00:23:52.898 --> 00:23:54.699 and they really kind of dive in a little bit deeper, 433 00:23:54.699 --> 00:23:57.702 not just seeing one actual surface of the star, but actually dive in 434 00:23:57.702 --> 00:24:00.639 and really understand multiple interaction that are going on there. 435 00:24:00.639 --> 00:24:03.575 So if you saw some of that video earlier and saw the different colors 436 00:24:03.575 --> 00:24:05.410 that we're showing, that's actually what we're looking at. 437 00:24:05.410 --> 00:24:09.281 We're actually using different, different energy levels to look in different ways 438 00:24:10.015 --> 00:24:13.385 at the Sun. On the NASA side, we get to answer 439 00:24:13.385 --> 00:24:15.320 really interesting science questions about that. 440 00:24:15.320 --> 00:24:16.855 That's really what drives so much of the work 441 00:24:16.855 --> 00:24:19.991 we do, is that understanding of what is truly going on in our star, 442 00:24:19.991 --> 00:24:22.794 because there's still so much of it that we don't understand. 443 00:24:23.862 --> 00:24:26.264 The end goal for us really getting to the where we understand it 444 00:24:26.264 --> 00:24:28.233 well enough to be able to predict it 445 00:24:28.233 --> 00:24:30.402 and hopefully be able to predict it out in time quite a while. 446 00:24:30.402 --> 00:24:33.405 And that's really where the partnership with organizations like NOAA, 447 00:24:33.438 --> 00:24:34.639 where they're really responsible for that 448 00:24:34.639 --> 00:24:36.808 forecasting, becomes pretty critical for us. 449 00:24:36.808 --> 00:24:40.011 So that's an endpoint and then transition that science to understanding 450 00:24:40.011 --> 00:24:43.114 and direct real world applications for them to take that next step. 451 00:24:43.114 --> 00:24:46.551 On the forecasting side, there's so many similarities here with terrestrial 452 00:24:46.551 --> 00:24:50.255 weather, weather here on the Earth about maybe where we were 30, 40 years ago 453 00:24:50.255 --> 00:24:54.526 with being able to, you know, forecast out, you know, a hurricane event. 454 00:24:54.693 --> 00:24:55.727 You know, 455 00:24:55.727 --> 00:25:00.599 now we over five, seven days out and sometimes a very, very reliable forecast. 456 00:25:00.599 --> 00:25:03.635 That's not where we were, you know, 30 or 40 years ago. 457 00:25:03.969 --> 00:25:06.905 But that's similar, you know, where we are today for space. 458 00:25:06.905 --> 00:25:09.140 But that's kind of where we were quite a few decades ago. 459 00:25:09.140 --> 00:25:12.944 And it's - imagine for some of the most high energy events on the sun, 460 00:25:13.845 --> 00:25:16.448 that's all reaching us here in about 8 minutes. 461 00:25:16.448 --> 00:25:20.118 You know, imagine if your hurricane forecast gave you 8 minutes of warning on 462 00:25:20.285 --> 00:25:21.152 what was going on. 463 00:25:21.152 --> 00:25:21.887 I mean, that's 464 00:25:21.887 --> 00:25:24.623 that's kind of what we're talking about, right, not only here for Earth, 465 00:25:24.623 --> 00:25:26.958 but also as we send astronauts deeper into space. 466 00:25:26.958 --> 00:25:28.960 We started with this one with our 467 00:25:28.960 --> 00:25:31.696 aim is to actually have crew on board going back to the Moon. 468 00:25:31.696 --> 00:25:35.600 And as we think about sending astronauts to Mars, this becomes ever increasing - 469 00:25:35.867 --> 00:25:39.404 bigger challenges, not only being able to make these measurements, analyze 470 00:25:39.404 --> 00:25:40.205 this data, 471 00:25:40.205 --> 00:25:41.673 to be able to give that forecast so that people 472 00:25:41.673 --> 00:25:44.042 can make decisions with the scientific mission 473 00:25:44.042 --> 00:25:47.045 all the way into just what we do here in terrestrial weather, knowing, oh, hey, 474 00:25:47.045 --> 00:25:48.647 do I want to take an umbrella with me today? 475 00:25:48.647 --> 00:25:50.148 It's almost the same kind of thoughts 476 00:25:50.148 --> 00:25:51.883 when we get to that understanding on space weather. 477 00:25:54.152 --> 00:25:55.220 Thank you. 478 00:25:55.220 --> 00:25:58.223 Any other questions in the room? 479 00:25:59.257 --> 00:25:59.591 All right. 480 00:25:59.591 --> 00:26:00.659 I'll do my last one. 481 00:26:00.659 --> 00:26:03.762 I know we've talked about how people can view in person, 482 00:26:04.296 --> 00:26:07.699 but if you're not close to the path of totality or have bad weather, 483 00:26:08.266 --> 00:26:11.403 does someone want to talk a little bit about the NASA live broadcasts? 484 00:26:14.706 --> 00:26:15.340 Absolutely. 485 00:26:15.340 --> 00:26:21.313 So we're very excited to be able to live stream views from over a dozen places 486 00:26:21.313 --> 00:26:24.316 along the path of totality, starting in Mazatlan, Texas - 487 00:26:25.150 --> 00:26:29.321 Mazatlan, Mexico excuse me, going through Texas 488 00:26:29.654 --> 00:26:34.659 up through 15 different states and coming out the other side of the U.S. 489 00:26:34.659 --> 00:26:36.561 out of Houlton, Maine. 490 00:26:36.561 --> 00:26:40.198 So we will be doing a live broadcast starting about an hour before 491 00:26:40.832 --> 00:26:43.835 the first contact out in Mazatlan 492 00:26:44.102 --> 00:26:48.840 and continuing for 3 hours so that we cover the entirety 493 00:26:49.007 --> 00:26:53.244 as the eclipse passes over the U.S., We will have live 494 00:26:53.678 --> 00:26:57.515 solar streams from different telescopes, including solar filters, and also 495 00:27:00.285 --> 00:27:03.588 solar filters and different types of alpha filters. 496 00:27:03.588 --> 00:27:07.392 And we'll be talking about people have watch parties 497 00:27:07.392 --> 00:27:10.395 from different locations both on and off that path of totality 498 00:27:11.329 --> 00:27:14.332 to really understand what people are experiencing, because 499 00:27:14.332 --> 00:27:18.069 we want to bring this event to folks who are not able to witness it in person, 500 00:27:18.903 --> 00:27:21.873 both the visuals but also the sentiments, 501 00:27:22.173 --> 00:27:26.244 you know, because even if you're not experiencing it, the total solar eclipse, 502 00:27:26.244 --> 00:27:29.481 you can experience a partial solar eclipse and you can take a moment 503 00:27:29.814 --> 00:27:33.251 to appreciate, you know, what the Sun does for our everyday lives. 504 00:27:33.251 --> 00:27:36.554 And so we're really leaning into that on our broadcast 505 00:27:36.554 --> 00:27:40.825 because many folks don't know that NASA studies the Sun and they don't know 506 00:27:40.825 --> 00:27:45.397 all of the important effects of space weather and the Sun on our everyday lives. 507 00:27:45.697 --> 00:27:50.268 So bringing that awareness out and the importance of the work that NOAA 508 00:27:50.268 --> 00:27:54.706 and NASA, you know, do and work, you know, the work we do together, 509 00:27:55.340 --> 00:27:56.941 as long as all of the science that, you know, 510 00:27:56.941 --> 00:27:59.944 we can understand about our everyday lives, both the Earth and, 511 00:27:59.978 --> 00:28:03.148 you know, setting Earth and the Sun during this phenomenon. So 512 00:28:04.349 --> 00:28:09.087 So had over 50 million views in 2017 of our live broadcast. 513 00:28:09.087 --> 00:28:12.557 And we expect similar, if not greater numbers this time. 514 00:28:13.158 --> 00:28:17.195 This eclipse is passing over about three times as many people in person. 515 00:28:17.896 --> 00:28:21.366 So the opportunities for in-person engagement and for people to witness it 516 00:28:21.399 --> 00:28:25.937 themselves is incredible, including a lot of communities 517 00:28:25.937 --> 00:28:29.507 that may not be as in tune with science, 518 00:28:29.507 --> 00:28:32.510 that we're as interested in what's going on around them. 519 00:28:32.877 --> 00:28:37.582 But we hope that the live broadcast both brings the opportunity to others 520 00:28:37.582 --> 00:28:40.785 and also is able to kind of last as a moment 521 00:28:40.785 --> 00:28:44.756 in time for what NASA and the U.S. 522 00:28:44.789 --> 00:28:46.458 is experiencing and celebrating.