WEBVTT FILE 1 00:00:01.735 --> 00:00:03.069 A desert river. 2 00:00:03.069 --> 00:00:06.239 Its verdant banks bursting with new vegetation. 3 00:00:07.974 --> 00:00:09.676 A sea of sand dunes 4 00:00:09.676 --> 00:00:12.679 blanketed with fresh snow. 5 00:00:12.679 --> 00:00:15.015 A mountain, its sides dazzling 6 00:00:15.015 --> 00:00:17.984 with the arrival of autumn's foliage. 7 00:00:18.284 --> 00:00:22.756 Images that not only captured the imagination, but more importantly 8 00:00:22.956 --> 00:00:24.624 tell a story. 9 00:00:24.624 --> 00:00:27.994 A story of our planet's surface ever evolving. 10 00:00:28.395 --> 00:00:31.831 A patchwork of rivers, mountains, deserts, 11 00:00:31.998 --> 00:00:35.001 oceans, farmlands and cities. 12 00:00:35.802 --> 00:00:38.805 A story told over the course of days, months, 13 00:00:39.205 --> 00:00:43.510 years and decades, all thanks to the Landsat program. 14 00:00:44.277 --> 00:00:46.846 Landsat actually was one of the things that first got me involved 15 00:00:46.846 --> 00:00:48.415 in remote sensing. 16 00:00:48.415 --> 00:00:52.986 Landsat provided that global perspective but still at the management 17 00:00:52.986 --> 00:00:54.821 scale resolution. 18 00:00:54.821 --> 00:01:00.293 level, field scale, but also provide that sort of whole earth scale resolution. 19 00:01:00.293 --> 00:01:02.262 And that was pretty exciting. 20 00:01:02.262 --> 00:01:05.398 For over 50 years, Landsat has watched over Earth, 21 00:01:05.765 --> 00:01:09.502 giving us critical insights into the way our planet is changing with us 22 00:01:09.836 --> 00:01:13.907 and around us Now eight satellites later. 23 00:01:14.040 --> 00:01:16.943 It's time for this story's next chapter. 24 00:01:16.943 --> 00:01:18.945 Landsat. Next. 25 00:01:24.350 --> 00:01:24.851 the next 26 00:01:24.851 --> 00:01:28.788 phase in the longest space based record of Earth's land surface 27 00:01:29.055 --> 00:01:33.359 will provide a host of new capabilities for the next generation of Landsat 28 00:01:33.359 --> 00:01:39.265 data users, including enhanced spatial resolution and 15 new spectral bands. 29 00:01:39.599 --> 00:01:42.569 But the most remarkable feature of this new mission. 30 00:01:42.569 --> 00:01:46.573 while previous Landsat missions have all featured one satellite, Landsat. 31 00:01:46.606 --> 00:01:49.909 Next will be a trio, a constellation of three 32 00:01:49.909 --> 00:01:52.912 observatories circling the globe in unison. 33 00:01:53.580 --> 00:01:56.583 even before the launch of the last Landsat, the user community 34 00:01:56.583 --> 00:02:01.221 was actually being queried about what was their needs for the next Landsat, 35 00:02:01.354 --> 00:02:05.091 one of the things that came back was all the users said, higher 36 00:02:05.091 --> 00:02:09.028 temporary visit was the highest thing that people were looking for. 37 00:02:09.129 --> 00:02:13.766 And the way you get higher temporary visit is, you either have a wider swath 38 00:02:13.900 --> 00:02:16.636 so that you're have a wider field of view. 39 00:02:16.636 --> 00:02:20.540 or you have more satellites that are viewing a larger portion 40 00:02:20.540 --> 00:02:22.175 of the earth all the time. 41 00:02:22.175 --> 00:02:27.347 we came up with this approach that utilizes three smaller observatories 42 00:02:27.347 --> 00:02:30.850 to meet that temporal revisit and incorporates 43 00:02:30.850 --> 00:02:34.287 those spatial resolution improvements and each observatory 44 00:02:34.287 --> 00:02:39.792 while maintaining the full spectral capability across each observatory 45 00:02:40.126 --> 00:02:44.564 This new triplet configuration will greatly improve the temporal revisit 46 00:02:44.564 --> 00:02:47.600 time from 16 days with Landsat nine 47 00:02:47.901 --> 00:02:52.539 down to just six days Landsat next will give scientists 48 00:02:52.539 --> 00:02:56.910 and data users a more precise view of how a scene changes over time. 49 00:02:57.343 --> 00:03:00.079 This can help highlight key stages of plant growth 50 00:03:00.079 --> 00:03:03.316 and is useful for crop management and estimating yield. 51 00:03:03.616 --> 00:03:08.588 one of the criteria actually we use to assess just even types of cover 52 00:03:08.655 --> 00:03:13.726 is based on when the crops emerge when they might be harvested. 53 00:03:13.893 --> 00:03:17.830 but also being able to look at different insect outbreaks, 54 00:03:17.964 --> 00:03:20.099 look at different effects of drought. 55 00:03:20.099 --> 00:03:24.204 All this stuff can happen very fast, so being able to respond quickly, 56 00:03:24.504 --> 00:03:29.042 this is an important aspect of being able to have this higher temporal revisit. 57 00:03:29.542 --> 00:03:33.012 Throughout the program's history, Landsat satellites have been able 58 00:03:33.012 --> 00:03:36.216 to chronicle the surface of our planet in stunning detail. 59 00:03:36.583 --> 00:03:40.353 Landsat next will look to push that capability even further. 60 00:03:40.954 --> 00:03:44.123 To understand the resolution of Landsat, We need to zoom 61 00:03:44.123 --> 00:03:47.393 all the way in until we see individual pixels. 62 00:03:47.527 --> 00:03:52.165 Each pixel of a Landsat eight or nine seen is about 30 square meters. 63 00:03:52.498 --> 00:03:56.903 Landsat next looks to improve this to ten meters, roughly nine times 64 00:03:56.903 --> 00:04:01.107 the resolution allowing us to pinpoint finer details within the image. 65 00:04:01.541 --> 00:04:02.775 this is fantastic. 66 00:04:02.775 --> 00:04:05.912 So now we'll be actually picking up about 40% 67 00:04:06.179 --> 00:04:10.083 more agricultural fields that we totally missed before. 68 00:04:10.083 --> 00:04:11.951 And that's just in the US alone. 69 00:04:11.951 --> 00:04:15.855 So some of these smaller agricultural fields, wind rows, 70 00:04:16.122 --> 00:04:19.359 crevasses and ice fields, those will be picked up. 71 00:04:19.359 --> 00:04:21.661 And new Landsat data, 72 00:04:21.661 --> 00:04:25.331 This enhanced spatial resolution won't be limited to just visible light. 73 00:04:25.698 --> 00:04:30.003 Thermal bands will also be getting an upgrade from 100 meters to 60 meters. 74 00:04:30.303 --> 00:04:31.037 A resolution 75 00:04:31.037 --> 00:04:34.941 dimensions slightly larger than the bottom of the Statue of Liberty pedestal. 76 00:04:35.708 --> 00:04:37.377 Urban areas like New York City 77 00:04:37.377 --> 00:04:41.080 are prone to suffering from a phenomenon called the heat Island effect. 78 00:04:41.414 --> 00:04:45.551 As an excess of impervious surfaces absorb and re emit, the sun's heat 79 00:04:45.885 --> 00:04:48.888 Using Landsat next's improved thermal resolution. 80 00:04:49.055 --> 00:04:51.658 Scientists and data users will have the ability 81 00:04:51.658 --> 00:04:54.661 to map the temperature of urban areas in finer detail, 82 00:04:54.961 --> 00:04:58.698 Possibly shedding light on better methods of sustainable urban development. 83 00:05:02.001 --> 00:05:04.937 Landsat imagery is well known for the vivid detail 84 00:05:04.937 --> 00:05:08.141 it provides of the Earth's surface, But Landsat satellites 85 00:05:08.141 --> 00:05:11.144 are actually collecting data from across the spectrum. 86 00:05:11.277 --> 00:05:12.211 starting with four. 87 00:05:12.211 --> 00:05:13.780 Spectral bands with Landsat. 88 00:05:13.780 --> 00:05:15.415 One through three, up to. 89 00:05:15.415 --> 00:05:18.084 11 bands with Landsat eight and nine. 90 00:05:18.084 --> 00:05:20.953 From visible to thermal infrared. 91 00:05:20.953 --> 00:05:25.658 Landsat next looks to push the program's spectral capabilities even further, 92 00:05:25.792 --> 00:05:28.728 boasting an additional 15 spectral bands, 93 00:05:28.728 --> 00:05:31.698 bringing the total to a whopping 26. 94 00:05:31.698 --> 00:05:34.100 With more than double the spectral bands of Landsat, 95 00:05:34.100 --> 00:05:37.837 eight and nine users will be able to glean even more information 96 00:05:37.837 --> 00:05:41.374 from Landsat next data allowing for better resource management, 97 00:05:41.507 --> 00:05:45.345 such as tracking water quality and detecting harmful algal blooms. 98 00:05:45.678 --> 00:05:50.116 coastal waterways, we're experiencing algae blooms like never before, 99 00:05:50.383 --> 00:05:54.520 those are health concerns for our population. 100 00:05:54.520 --> 00:05:58.624 being able to detect those and respond to them quickly, 101 00:05:59.058 --> 00:06:03.596 you know, that temporary visit and those new bands enable us to do that. 102 00:06:03.763 --> 00:06:08.835 The other thing is actually being able to better track dynamics of snow and ice. 103 00:06:09.102 --> 00:06:11.571 The melting snow and ice are used 104 00:06:11.571 --> 00:06:15.274 to recharge water sources, especially in the western US. 105 00:06:15.274 --> 00:06:19.879 So being able to know when those resources are going to be available determining 106 00:06:20.012 --> 00:06:24.417 potential for flooding versus recharge is very important for water management. 107 00:06:26.152 --> 00:06:26.686 It's often 108 00:06:26.686 --> 00:06:30.923 said that Landsat superpower is time travel, granting its users 109 00:06:30.923 --> 00:06:33.960 the ability to rewind the clock and observe the evolution 110 00:06:33.960 --> 00:06:36.963 of our planet's surface during the last half century. 111 00:06:37.363 --> 00:06:41.067 But the true key to unlocking Landsat its ability to travel in time 112 00:06:41.334 --> 00:06:45.772 has been the remarkable consistency in data quality across multiple decades. 113 00:06:45.772 --> 00:06:47.540 And Landsat missions. 114 00:06:47.540 --> 00:06:48.040 more than that. 115 00:06:48.040 --> 00:06:49.175 Actually, it's a time machine, 116 00:06:49.175 --> 00:06:52.211 but it's also a time in space machine, I would argue. 117 00:06:52.478 --> 00:06:55.782 it's not only being able to look back into time, 118 00:06:55.782 --> 00:06:59.485 I think it's also being able to look at different places on the globe 119 00:06:59.485 --> 00:07:03.289 and give in a consistent picture anywhere on the globe as well. 120 00:07:03.856 --> 00:07:05.725 And that's what Landsat allows us to do. 121 00:07:05.725 --> 00:07:07.860 There's a consistency in the measurements 122 00:07:07.860 --> 00:07:10.863 there's consistency in the way the instruments were calibrated. 123 00:07:11.230 --> 00:07:14.801 The reason why this is so important is the changes on earth. 124 00:07:14.801 --> 00:07:19.872 Will there be changes in vegetation or subtle changes on the Earth's surfaces 125 00:07:20.206 --> 00:07:23.409 that we want to make sure that that we're actually capturing these changes? 126 00:07:23.409 --> 00:07:26.412 And they aren't just changes in the instruments themselves. 127 00:07:26.546 --> 00:07:29.882 Landsat has been historically the gold standard reference 128 00:07:29.949 --> 00:07:35.221 for calibration of many different missions across the whole globe. 129 00:07:35.655 --> 00:07:39.025 the radiometric quality for Landsat next will be at least as good 130 00:07:39.025 --> 00:07:40.560 as any previous Landsat. 131 00:07:40.560 --> 00:07:45.064 So we will maintain that standard for calibration and referencing 132 00:07:45.064 --> 00:07:49.936 for all missions Landsat next three satellites improved. 133 00:07:49.936 --> 00:07:51.871 Six day temporal revisit. 134 00:07:51.871 --> 00:07:55.541 Enhanced spatial resolution and 26 spectral bands 135 00:07:55.708 --> 00:07:58.711 all add up to a massive amount of data. 136 00:07:58.711 --> 00:08:03.349 Landsat eight and nine each recorded around 750 scenes per day. 137 00:08:03.716 --> 00:08:07.887 with Landsat next trio of satellites, that number will skyrocket 138 00:08:07.954 --> 00:08:12.892 over 2200 scenes per day More scenes means more data 139 00:08:13.359 --> 00:08:16.362 this will be a huge increase in data volume. 140 00:08:16.362 --> 00:08:18.898 this means we're not going to be downloading data anymore. 141 00:08:18.898 --> 00:08:22.101 Get ready to be doing all your data processing in the cloud. 142 00:08:22.301 --> 00:08:26.172 missing data volume and management is is our number 143 00:08:26.172 --> 00:08:28.274 one challenge on on Landsat next. 144 00:08:28.274 --> 00:08:32.144 once we get that data to the ground, our partners at USGS 145 00:08:32.144 --> 00:08:35.882 who operate the ground network and ground systems, they can handle that 146 00:08:35.882 --> 00:08:40.086 transmission and then publish it and provide it to the cloud 147 00:08:40.086 --> 00:08:44.257 for all these users to have free and open access to this data. 148 00:08:44.423 --> 00:08:48.694 I can't stress enough how exciting that is for, any small university 149 00:08:48.694 --> 00:08:52.231 to be able to sign up and and tap into that data 150 00:08:53.065 --> 00:08:55.434 It's still early days for the Landsat next 151 00:08:55.434 --> 00:08:58.471 mission, slated for launch in late 2030. 152 00:08:58.704 --> 00:09:02.108 There's no shortage of work to be done over the next seven years, 153 00:09:02.575 --> 00:09:04.076 but plans for the new triplet 154 00:09:04.076 --> 00:09:07.713 constellation, upgraded spatial and temporal resolutions 155 00:09:07.980 --> 00:09:11.784 and added spectral bands have the Landsat next team excited. 156 00:09:12.118 --> 00:09:17.390 our mission right now is really a quantum step forward from previous Lance. 157 00:09:17.390 --> 00:09:19.559 That's this may be the biggest leap in capability 158 00:09:19.559 --> 00:09:23.162 since the launch of Lance S7 in we launch 159 00:09:23.162 --> 00:09:26.399 in 2030, it'll be the biggest improvement in 30 years. 160 00:09:26.766 --> 00:09:27.934 very, very excited. 161 00:09:27.934 --> 00:09:30.069 I can't wait to see what comes out 162 00:09:30.069 --> 00:09:34.574 of all of these emerging applications and how well it supports the user. 163 00:09:35.174 --> 00:09:38.611 Over the life of the Landsat program, the world's population 164 00:09:38.611 --> 00:09:41.714 has more than doubled, leading to increasing pressure 165 00:09:41.714 --> 00:09:44.717 on precious resources such as food and water. 166 00:09:45.151 --> 00:09:48.821 But time and time again, Landsat missions have only served 167 00:09:48.821 --> 00:09:52.658 to highlight humankind's innate ability to adapt to its environments, 168 00:09:53.059 --> 00:09:56.696 enabling us to develop better methods of sustainable resource management 169 00:09:57.229 --> 00:09:59.999 by helping farmers to monitor the health of their crops 170 00:09:59.999 --> 00:10:02.635 and efficiently manage their water resources 171 00:10:02.635 --> 00:10:06.138 by guiding forestry management programs on better ways to identify 172 00:10:06.138 --> 00:10:10.142 areas at risk for wildfires and track changes in land use over time, 173 00:10:10.710 --> 00:10:13.279 or by contributing to conservation efforts. 174 00:10:13.279 --> 00:10:17.617 Monitoring and assessing the biodiversity of coastal wetlands and protected areas. 175 00:10:18.150 --> 00:10:20.753 Landsat next will look to not only preserve this over 176 00:10:20.753 --> 00:10:23.889 50 year legacy. but bring it into the future. 177 00:10:24.624 --> 00:10:26.225 we live on this planet Earth. 178 00:10:26.225 --> 00:10:30.296 We all know that we want to leave this planet for our children. 179 00:10:30.463 --> 00:10:32.865 We know the importance of sustainability. 180 00:10:32.865 --> 00:10:35.034 And I think that's what Lance that's all about. 181 00:10:35.034 --> 00:10:39.872 it's about helping us manage the planet that we live on for the long term. 182 00:10:39.972 --> 00:10:42.842 And that's why it's there and that's why it continues to be here. 183 00:10:42.842 --> 00:10:45.578 And expect it to be there for the next generation as well. 184 00:16:23.449 --> 00:16:24.450 one of my most excited 185 00:16:24.450 --> 00:16:27.553 about there's there's two things I think I touched on one of them. 186 00:16:27.553 --> 00:16:29.555 What am I most excited about in Landsat? 187 00:16:29.555 --> 00:16:30.389 Next? 188 00:16:30.389 --> 00:16:33.359 Two things. One is, 189 00:16:33.625 --> 00:16:36.295 you know, and you've you've you've done this, too. 190 00:16:36.295 --> 00:16:40.866 Is that the sheer volume of data with Landsat next is going to be enormous. 191 00:16:42.267 --> 00:16:45.270 And that means we're not going to be downloading data. 192 00:16:45.337 --> 00:16:47.373 I never like downloading data. 193 00:16:47.373 --> 00:16:49.742 It's a waste of time. 194 00:16:49.742 --> 00:16:52.778 I think anybody that's downloading anything from the web, they know it's a 195 00:16:52.778 --> 00:16:56.315 that's a no one likes to sit there and wait for data to come to them. 196 00:16:56.315 --> 00:16:59.485 They'd rather be something else. And 197 00:17:00.853 --> 00:17:03.856 and I think being able to actually 198 00:17:04.323 --> 00:17:07.760 start working with the data online is going to be huge. 199 00:17:07.760 --> 00:17:11.597 And I think some of the new developments you've heard about with 200 00:17:12.131 --> 00:17:15.868 AI and machine learning language is also going to be huge 201 00:17:15.868 --> 00:17:19.304 too, especially as we get finer and finer resolution data. 202 00:17:19.605 --> 00:17:23.242 I think that's going to be huge in terms of what we can do with the data 203 00:17:23.242 --> 00:17:27.012 because there's going to be so much of the data I've already bragged 204 00:17:27.012 --> 00:17:30.015 that we're going to have higher temperature revisit. 205 00:17:30.215 --> 00:17:33.819 I've bragged that we're going to have more spectral brands bins. 206 00:17:34.253 --> 00:17:37.289 I've bragged that, you know, we're we're going to have 207 00:17:37.423 --> 00:17:40.626 higher, higher everything, more data, you know, 208 00:17:40.926 --> 00:17:45.497 And so that really opens up the door for machine learning and more computer 209 00:17:47.733 --> 00:17:48.834 capability 210 00:17:48.834 --> 00:17:51.837 than than than we've used in the past. 211 00:17:51.870 --> 00:17:53.372 And I'm really looking forward to that. 212 00:17:53.372 --> 00:17:57.776 And I think this is going to open up all doors for new possibilities 213 00:17:57.776 --> 00:18:00.779 in terms of what we can do with the data. 214 00:18:01.013 --> 00:18:04.349 Some people are scared about that, but I see it as a new opportunity 215 00:18:04.349 --> 00:18:07.319 and a new way of of analyzing the data. 216 00:18:07.986 --> 00:18:09.421 It gets me really excited. 217 00:18:09.421 --> 00:18:10.823 The other thing I'm excited 218 00:18:10.823 --> 00:18:14.760 by is, is the fact that we always seem to uncover new things. 219 00:18:14.760 --> 00:18:18.230 The more we keep studying, the longer we keep looking at something, 220 00:18:18.864 --> 00:18:21.867 the more we I guess my previous 221 00:18:22.267 --> 00:18:25.370 project scientist said the longer we keep studying 222 00:18:25.370 --> 00:18:28.373 things, the more 223 00:18:28.540 --> 00:18:29.975 the more observations. 224 00:18:29.975 --> 00:18:33.345 And the longer we keep studying something, the more we uncover. 225 00:18:34.079 --> 00:18:35.080 And it seems like 226 00:18:38.684 --> 00:18:39.952 the I mean, even 227 00:18:39.952 --> 00:18:43.822 even some of the observation, some of the theories 228 00:18:43.822 --> 00:18:47.893 put forth by Einstein were still challenging those observations. 229 00:18:47.893 --> 00:18:49.995 And I think the same is true for Landsat. 230 00:18:49.995 --> 00:18:54.600 The more data we come up with, we keep challenging our scientific theories. 231 00:18:55.067 --> 00:18:56.768 We keep developing new theories. 232 00:18:56.768 --> 00:19:00.806 I think there's nothing that doesn't get better with more observations 233 00:19:00.806 --> 00:19:04.276 and more time, and I think that's true with Landsat next to.