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Much of the radiation energy that makes it through is reflected back into space by clouds, ice and snow and the energy that remains helps to drive the Earth system, powering a remarkable planetary engine — the climate. It becomes the energy that feeds swirling wind and ocean currents as cold air and surface waters move toward the equator and warm air and water moves toward the poles — all in an attempt to equalize temperatures around the world.



A jury appointed by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and Science magazine has selected \"Excerpt from Dynamic Earth\" as the winner of the 2013 NSF International Science and Engineering Visualization Challenge for the Video category. This animation will be highlighted in the February 2014 special section of Science and will be hosted on ScienceMag.org and NSF.gov

This animation was selected for the Computer Animation Festival's Electronic Theater at the Association for Computer Machinery's Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH), a prestigious computer graphics and technical research forum. This is an excerpt from the fulldome, high-resolution show 'Dynamic Earth: Exploring Earth's Climate Engine.' The Dynamic Earth dome show was selected as a finalist in the Jackson Hole Wildlife Film Festival Science Media Awards under the category \"Best Immersive Cinema - Fulldome\".", "items": [], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 348968, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11003/#media_group_348968", "widget": "Video player", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "Follow a coronal mass ejection as is passes Venus then Earth, and explore how the sun drives Earth's winds and oceans.

For complete transcript, click here.

Also available for the entire Dynamic Earth show are the transcript and the educator's guide.

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But in two recent flybys of the planet, Parker used its Wide-Field Imager, or WISPR, to image the entire nightside in wavelengths of the visible spectrum – the type of light that the human eye can see – and extending into the near-infrared.The images, combined into a video, reveal a faint glow from the surface that shows distinctive features like continental regions, plains, and plateaus. A luminescent halo of oxygen in the atmosphere can also be seen surrounding the planet.Link to NASA.gov feature.Link to associated research paper. || ", "release_date": "2022-02-09T09:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:37:09.149071-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 373309, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014000/a014095/wispr_composite_topo_project_flat_vfb4.00017_print.jpg", "filename": "wispr_composite_topo_project_flat_vfb4.00017_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "VIDEOThis composite shows the images from Parker Solar Probe’s fourth flyby of Venus superimposed on a radar map of Venus previously taken by NASA's Magellan mission. Credit: Magellan Team/JPL/USGS", "width": 1024, "height": 512, "pixels": 524288 } }, { "id": 4395, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4395/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Q&A with NASA Visualizer, Lori Perkins", "description": "This gallery was created for Earth Science Week 2015 and beyond. It includes a quick start guide for educators and first-hand stories (blogs) for learners of all ages by NASA visualizers, scientists and educators. We hope that your understanding and use of NASA's visualizations will only increase as your appreciation grows for the beauty of the science they portray, and the communicative power they hold. Read all the blogs and find educational resources for all ages at: the Earth Science Week 2015 page.How did you discover your passion for Earth Science?I have loved Earth Science since I was a little girl. I was the only little girl in my class that loved changing cloud patterns, thunderstorms, and lightning.What do you enjoy most about what you do?I love that my job gives me the opportunity to explain all sorts of interesting science results and phenomenon.What inspired you to work in this field?The Star Wars movies and NASA's Apollo Program!Where do you work and do you remember what it was like on your first day of work?Now, I work at NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio. I started at NASA working as a student writing fortran code in a data processing facility that aimed to provide error-free telemetry transmissions from spacecraft to the ground. On my first day, I remember all of my coworkers speaking in acronyms. I didn’t know what the acronyms meant.What are some of the most important lessons you have learned in your life?Don't be afraid to ask questions and don't be afraid to throw out an idea that might seem crazy.What do you consider your greatest accomplishment?I worked on a piece that won the National Science Foundation's Visualization of the Year. It is a wonderful piece that explains the important connection between the Sun and our Earth. || ", "release_date": "2015-10-23T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:49:11.709426-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 438376, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004300/a004395/3902_cme.00852.png", "filename": "3902_cme.00852.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "A still image from the Except from \"Dynamic Earth\", which won the 2013 NSF International Science and Engineering Visualization Challenge for the Video category. For more information about this visualization, click here.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 3879, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3879/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Wind and Ocean Circulation shot for Dynamic Earth Dome Show", "description": "This visualization was created for the planetarium dome show film called Dynamic Earth. It is rendered with a fish-eye projection, called domemaster, which is why it looks circular. In a dome, the image fills the dome's hemisphere so that the parts near the bottom of the image are low and in front of the view, the top of the image is behind the viewer, and the left and right sides are to the left and right of the viewer.The camera slowly pushes in towards the Earth revealing global wind patterns. The wind patterns are from the MERRA computational model of the atomsphere. As the camera continues to push in, the winds fade away, revealing ocean currents which are driven, in part, by the winds. The ocean currents are from the ECCO-2 computational model of the oceans and ice. Only the higher speed ocean currents are shown. The camera moves around the Western Atlantic highlighting the Gulf stream from above and below. The camera finally emerges from beneath sea level and moves over to the Gulf of Mexico to examine the Loop Current.This shot is designed to seamlessly match to the end of the Earth/CME shot (animation id #3551.). Topographic features are exaggerated 20 times above water and 40 times below water. The exaggeration is primarily to allow the viewer to distinguish the depths of the flow fields.This visualization was shown in the \"VR Village\" at SIGGRAPH 2015. || ", "release_date": "2013-10-01T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:51:47.908354-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 482423, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003800/a003879/circulation_still_arrows_off.3858_2k.jpg", "filename": "circulation_still_arrows_off.3858_2k.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Still image layer rendered for the Dynamic Earth movie poster showing the Gulf Stream flowing from the East Coast of the US off into the North Atlantic", "width": 2048, "height": 2048, "pixels": 4194304 } }, { "id": 3551, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3551/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "The Coronal Mass Ejection strikes the Earth!", "description": "This visualization is the sequel to animation ID 3867.The CME we saw before continues to expand from the Sun, and its outer boundary is approaching the Earth. Will the Earth be pummeled like its sister planet, Venus?Not this time, for the Earth has a fairly strong geomagnetic field.The geomagnetic field helps deflect the incoming blast of solar particles around the Earth, dramatically reducing the impact of the event.It is important to note that the flowing material of the CME are actually ions and electrons far too small to see. This visualization tries to represent the motions of these tiny particle in a form large enough for us to see.Technical DetailsThis is the dome show component where the CME strikes the Earth.The domemaster format was created by rendering 7 separate camera tiles. The tiles were then stitched together to form final domemaster layers at 4096x4096 resolution and 16 bits per channel with premultiplied alpha and no gamma correction. There are 2 domemaster layers that should be composited as follows:- Earth, Sun and particles- star field (no alpha channel)In addition to the final domemaster frames and movies, the individual camera tiles are included as well. Each domemaster layer has a set of camera tiles. There are 7 cameras numbered 00 through 06 that represent the itiles. Camera 00 is in the center of the domemaster, camera 01 is looking below camera 00, cameras 01 through 06 look around the outside of the dome master in counter-clockwise order. These frames are probably only useful if a better re-stitching algorithm is ever required to be run on the tiles. || ", "release_date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-04-28T22:01:22.418481-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 485363, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003500/a003551/CMEandEarth.0900_print.jpg", "filename": "CMEandEarth.0900_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "These are frames for the screens of a 5x3 Hyperwall. ", "width": 1024, "height": 1024, "pixels": 1048576 } }, { "id": 3867, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3867/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "A Coronal Mass Ejection strikes Venus!", "description": "Energetic events on the Sun have impacts throughout the Solar System. This visualization, developed for the \"Dynamic Earth\" dome show, opens with a closeup view of the Sun. The solar imagery was collected from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) using an ultraviolet filter (wavelength 304 Ångstroms or 30.4 nanometers). We can observe jets of ionized gases, called prominences, erupting from the solar surface, and often constrained to loop-shaped trajectories due to the solar magnetic field.We pull out from the Sun to reveal the solar wind, which continuously streams outward from the Sun.We eventually reach the orbit of the planet Venus, the solar wind still streaming around us.But a massive eruption, called a coronal mass ejection, or CME, takes place on the Sun, sending a much higher density of particles (ions and electrons) outward into the solar wind.The wave of particles eventually strikes the planet Venus. But Venus has no significant magnetic field, and the particles make it directly to the atmosphere of the planet. These energetic solar events slowly blow away the atmosphere of the planet.The next part of this sequence is "The Coronal Mass Ejection strikes the Earth!".Technical DetailsThis is the dome show component moving from the Sun to Venus being hit by the CME.The domemaster format was created by rendering 7 separate camera tiles. The tiles were then stitched together to form final domemaster layers at 4096x4096 resolution and 16 bits per channel with premultiplied alpha and no gamma correction. There are 3 domemaster layers that should be composited as follows:- Earth and orbits- Sun- star field (no alpha channel)In addition to the final domemaster frames and movies, the individual camera tiles are included as well. Each domemaster layer has a set of camera tiles. There are 7 cameras numbered 00 through 06 that represent the itiles. Camera 00 is in the center of the domemaster, camera 01 is looking below camera 00, cameras 01 through 06 look around the outside of the dome master in counter-clockwise order. These frames are probably only useful if a better re-stitching algorithm is ever required to be run on the tiles. || ", "release_date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-04-28T22:04:01.796862-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 485520, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003800/a003867/Venus_RGB.1900_5x3_hw_print.jpg", "filename": "Venus_RGB.1900_5x3_hw_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Hyperwall files", "width": 1024, "height": 1024, "pixels": 1048576 } }, { "id": 10984, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10984/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Shields Up!", "description": "Earth and the planets sit in the crosshairs of multiple streams of solar power. Giant explosions on the sun, called coronal mass ejections, blast electrically charged particles across the solar system, where they are deflected by Earth's strong magnetic field. As the sun endlessly emits solar radiation, a different kind of protective layer—Earth's gaseous atmosphere—shields the planet from harmful rays. But it is the radiation that penetrates the atmosphere and is absorbed by Earth's surface that makes life possible and drives a remarkable planetary engine—the climate. This narrated animation uses NASA satellite and model data to illustrate the fundamental power of the sun and how its energy drives the winds and ocean currents on Earth. It is an excerpt from \"Dynamic Earth: Exploring Earth's Climate Engine,\" a fulldome, high-resolution movie now playing at planetariums around the world. || ", "release_date": "2012-06-19T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:00.213525-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 476171, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010900/a010984/DynamicEarth_009600_1920x1080.jpg", "filename": "DynamicEarth_009600_1920x1080.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Layers of armor protect Earth from the sun's harmful energies, while letting in heat and light that power the climate.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 3902, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3902/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "A Coronal Mass Ejection strikes the Earth!", "description": "Energetic events on the Sun have impacts throughout the Solar System. This visualization, developed for the Dynamic Earth dome show, utilizes data from space weather models based on a real coronal mass ejection (CME) event from mid-December 2003. Particles are used to represent the flow of solar material from the Sun around the Earth. It is important to note that the flowing material of the CME are actually ions and electrons far too small to see. This visualization tries to represent the motions of these tiny particles in a form large enough for us to see. We open with a close-up view of the Earth, the particles representing the solar wind streaming around the Earth due to extended influence of the Earth's magnetic field. We pull out from the Earth and move so that we see the Sun in the distance. The enormous density enhancement in the solar wind is the coronal mass ejection. As the CME reaches the Earth, we see how effective the Earth's magnetic field is at diverting the solar material around the Earth. As the CME passes, we move earthward, and reveal the field lines representing the Earth's magnetic field, emanating from the magnetic poles and blown behind the Earth due to the influence of the solar wind. For simplicity, we have represented the Earth's magnetic field as unchanging, but it is actually very dynamic in its response to a CME or other change in the solar wind. || ", "release_date": "2012-01-24T00:00:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:19.014318-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 485540, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003900/a003902/cme.00600_web.png", "filename": "cme.00600_web.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This movie shows the particle flow around the Earth as the CME strikes.", "width": 320, "height": 180, "pixels": 57600 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [ { "id": 13291, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13291/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA’s New Solar Scope Is Ready For Balloon Flight", "description": "NASA and the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, or KASI, are getting ready to test a new way to see the Sun, high over the New Mexico desert. A pearlescent balloon — large enough to hug a football field — is scheduled to take flight no earlier than Aug. 26, 2019, carrying beneath it a solar scope called BITSE. BITSE is a coronagraph, a kind of telescope that blocks the Sun’s bright face in order to reveal its dimmer atmosphere, called the corona. Short for Balloon-borne Investigation of Temperature and Speed of Electrons in the corona, BITSE seeks to explain how the Sun spits out the solar wind. || ", "release_date": "2019-08-23T11:30:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:45:41.939287-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 393657, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013291/BITSE_ReadyForFlight_YouTube.00283_print.jpg", "filename": "BITSE_ReadyForFlight_YouTube.00283_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Music credit: \"Gear Wheels\" by Fabrice Ravel Chapuis [SACEM] from Killer Tracks Complete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 13275, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13275/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "How NASA Will Protect Astronauts From Space Radiation", "description": "August 1972, as NASA scientist Ian Richardson remembers it, was hot. In Surrey, England, where he grew up, the fields were brown and dry, and people tried to stay out of the Sun, indoors and televisions on. But for several days that month, his TV picture kept breaking up. “Do not adjust your set,” he recalls the BBC announcing. “Heat isn’t causing the interference. It’s sunspots.”The same sunspots that disrupted the television signals led to enormous solar flares — powerful bursts of radiation from the Sun — Aug. 4-7 that year. Between the Apollo 16 and 17 missions, the solar eruptions were a near miss for lunar explorers. Had they been in orbit or on the Moon’s surface, they would have sustained dangerous levels of solar radiation sparked by the eruptions. Today, the Apollo-era flares serve as a reminder of the threat of radiation exposure for technology and astronauts in space. Understanding and predicting solar eruptions is crucial for safe space exploration. Almost 50 years since those 1972 storms, the data, technology and resources available to NASA have improved, enabling advancements towards space weather forecasts and astronaut protection — key to NASA’s Artemis program to return astronauts to the Moon.Read more on NASA.gov. || ", "release_date": "2019-08-07T11:30:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:45:43.534333-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 393941, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a013200/a013275/13275_AstronautRadiation_Twitter.01205_print.jpg", "filename": "13275_AstronautRadiation_Twitter.01205_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.Music credits: “Boreal Moment” by Benoit Scarwell [SACEM]; “Sensory Questioning”, “Natural Time Cycles”, “Emerging Designer”, and “Experimental Design” by Laurent Dury [SACEM]; “Superluminal” by Lee Groves [PRS], Peter George Marett [PRS] from Killer Tracks", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 12693, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12693/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "A Total Solar Eclipse Revealed Solar Storms 100 Years Before Satellites", "description": "Eclipses set the stage for historic science. NASA is taking advantage of the Aug. 21, 2017 eclipse by funding 11 ground-based scientific studies. As our scientists prepare their experiments for next week, we're looking back to an historic 1860 total solar eclipse, which many think gave humanity our first glimpse of solar storms — called coronal mass ejections — 100 years before scientists first understood what they were.Scientists observed these eruptions in the 1970s during the beginning of the modern satellite era, when satellites in space were able to capture thousands of images of solar activity that had never been seen before. But in hindsight, scientists realized their satellite images might not be the first record of these solar storms. Hand-drawn records of an 1860 total solar eclipse bore surprising resemblance to these groundbreaking satellite images.Eclipse archive imagery from: http://mlso.hao.ucar.edu/hao-eclipse-archive.php || ", "release_date": "2017-08-17T11:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:47:25.682531-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 411950, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012600/a012693/LARGE_MP4-12693_FirstCMEDuringEclipse_large.00139_print.jpg", "filename": "LARGE_MP4-12693_FirstCMEDuringEclipse_large.00139_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Complete transcript available.Music credits: ‘Electricity Wave’ by Jean-François Berger [SACEM] and ‘Solar Winds’ by Ben Niblett [PRS], Jon Cotton [PRS]Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 12629, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12629/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Ocean Circulation Plays an Important Role in Absorbing Carbon from the Atmosphere", "description": "Music: Anywhere by François Pavan [SACEM], Mi-Yung Pavan [SACEM]Complete transcript available. || LARGE_MP4-12629_AMOCcarbon_large.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [184.7 KB] || LARGE_MP4-12629_AMOCcarbon_large.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [106.8 KB] || LARGE_MP4-12629_AMOCcarbon_large.00001_thm.png (80x40) [7.3 KB] || LARGE_MP4-12629_AMOCcarbon_large.mp4 (1920x1080) [51.2 MB] || WEBM-12629_AMOCcarbon.webm (960x540) [20.0 MB] || NASA_TV-12629_AMOCcarbon.mpeg (1280x720) [169.5 MB] || APPLE_TV-12629_AMOCcarbon_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [23.4 MB] || APPLE_TV-12629_AMOCcarbon_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [23.4 MB] || 12629_AMOCcarbon.en_US.srt [819 bytes] || 12629_AMOCcarbon.en_US.vtt [832 bytes] || NASA_PODCAST-12629_AMOCcarbon_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [8.5 MB] || ", "release_date": "2017-06-09T12:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:47:36.714385-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 413726, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012600/a012629/LARGE_MP4-12629_AMOCcarbon_large.00001_print.jpg", "filename": "LARGE_MP4-12629_AMOCcarbon_large.00001_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Music: Anywhere by François Pavan [SACEM], Mi-Yung Pavan [SACEM]Complete transcript available.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } }, { "id": 30785, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30785/", "page_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "title": "Earth Elements from \"Dynamic Earth\"", "description": "Earth elements excerpted from \"Dynamic Earth\" movie || cme_flow.03638.png (6840x2304) [16.6 MB] || cme_flow.03638_print.jpg (1024x344) [100.7 KB] || cme_flow.03638_searchweb.png (320x180) [93.9 KB] || cme_flow.03638_thm.png (80x40) [5.6 KB] || ", "release_date": "2016-06-17T00:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-11-14T00:32:45.185494-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 423654, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a030000/a030700/a030785/cme_flow.03638_print.jpg", "filename": "cme_flow.03638_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Earth elements excerpted from \"Dynamic Earth\" movie", "width": 1024, "height": 344, "pixels": 352256 } } ], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [ { "id": 4469, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4469/", "page_type": "Visualization", "title": "Dynamic Earth-A New Beginning", "description": "The visualization 'Excerpt from \"Dynamic Earth\"' has been one of the most popular visualizations that the Scientific Visualization Studio has ever created. It's often used in presentations and Hyperwall shows to illustrate the connections between the Earth and the Sun, as well as the power of computer simulation in understanding those connections.There is one part of this visualization, however, that has always seemed a little clumsy to us. The opening shot is a pullback from the limb of the sun, where the sun is represented by a movie of 304 Angstrom images from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). It is difficult to pull back from the limb of a flat sun image and make the sun look spherical, and the problem was made more difficult because the original sun images were in a spherical dome show format. As a result, the pullback from the sun showed some odd reprojection artifacts.The best solution to this issue was to replace the existing pullout with a new one, one which pulled directly out from the center of the solar disk. For the new beginning, we chose a series of SDO images in the 171 Angstrom channel that show a visible coronal mass ejection (CME) in the lower right corner of the solar disk. Although this is not the specific CME that is seen affecting Venus and Earth later in this visualization, its presence links the SDO animation thematically to the later solar storm. The SDO images were also brightened considerably and tinted yellow to match the common perception of the Sun as a bright yellow object (even though it is actually white).Please go to the original version of this visualization to see the complete credits and additional details. || ", "release_date": "2016-06-16T15:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2024-01-14T22:39:41.665871-05:00", "main_image": { "id": 423901, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004400/a004469/newsun.00000_print.jpg", "filename": "newsun.00000_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This is the complete Dynamic Earth excerpt with a new beginning at 1080p and 4K resolution.This video is also available on our YouTube channel.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ] }